{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:43:07Z","timestamp":1772808187211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","psychiatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T08:03:21Z","timestamp":1634889801000},"page":"647-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The association of gratitude with perceived stress among nurses in Korea during COVID-19 outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ju-Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Jhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honey","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Ju","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seunghyong","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on college anxiety, optimism, gratitude, and course satisfaction","volume":"30","author":"Biber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113312","article-title":"PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: what can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"292","author":"Carmassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.07.021","article-title":"Stress-induced mechanisms in mental illness: A role for glucocorticoid signalling","volume":"160","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12375","article-title":"Nurse practitioner job content and stress effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms, and self-perceived health status","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14208","article-title":"Mediating effects of self-efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support between job stress and mental health among young Chinese nurses","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2014.927910","article-title":"Gratitude and PTSD symptoms among Israeli youth exposed to missile attacks: examining the mediation of positive and negative affect and life satisfaction","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0035","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on psychology of nurses working in the emergency and fever outpatient: A cross-sectional survey","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"PTSD as the second tsunami of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic","volume":"24","author":"Dutheil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02998-y","article-title":"Mental health problems and social supports in the COVID-19 healthcare workers: a Chinese explanatory study","volume":"21","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12664","article-title":"Working experiences of nurses during the Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak","volume":"24","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.028","article-title":"Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study","volume":"87","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/NNA.0000000000000784","article-title":"Nurse leader burnout, satisfaction, and work-life balance","volume":"49","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Nursing Administration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2020.103","article-title":"The mental health of female physicians and nurses in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"35","author":"Khamis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oman Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02665","article-title":"Gratitude moderates the mediating effect of deliberate rumination on the relationship between intrusive rumination and post-traumatic growth","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21742\/apjcri.2019.06.01","article-title":"The relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction of soldiers: moderating effects of gratitude","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.593105","article-title":"Comparison of psychosocial distress in areas with different COVID-19 prevalence in Korea","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0090","first-page":"177","article-title":"Validation of the Korean version of gratitude questionnaire","volume":"11","author":"Kwon","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13121","article-title":"COVID-19 anxiety among front-line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support","volume":"28","author":"Labrague","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.043","article-title":"Physician burnout: The hidden health care crisis","volume":"16","author":"Lacy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","article-title":"Factors associated with mental health Outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0110","first-page":"127","article-title":"The reliability and validity studies of the Korean version of the perceived stress scale","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.11.010","article-title":"The association of gratitude with perceived stress and burnout among male firefighters in Korea","volume":"123","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0120","article-title":"Mental distress and influencing factors in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nursing in Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0341-2","article-title":"Mental distress among Liberian medical staff working at the China Ebola Treatment Unit: A cross sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005983","article-title":"Association between depression and enterovirus infection: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"96","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.060584","article-title":"Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak","volume":"12","author":"Maunder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X19004874","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of disaster on the mental health of medical responders","volume":"34","author":"Naushad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Pappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e372","article-title":"COVID-19 outbreak and its association with healthcare workers\u2019 emotional stress: a cross-sectional study","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Medical Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0155","first-page":"119","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anxiety and Mood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2020.07.003","article-title":"Exploring the vulnerability of frontline nurses to COVID-19 and its impact on perceived stress","volume":"15","author":"Pasay-An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2015.1095794","article-title":"The impact of gratitude on depression and anxiety: The mediating role of criticizing, attacking, and reassuring the self","volume":"15","author":"Petrocchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01166-z","article-title":"The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence","volume":"22","author":"Preti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Repports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.10185","article-title":"Mental health outcomes among frontline and second-line health care workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Italy","volume":"3","author":"Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.04.005","article-title":"Validation of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 in people with epilepsy: a MEPSY study","volume":"35","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0185","first-page":"1","article-title":"The maslach burnout inventory-general survey (MBIGS): An application in South Korea","volume":"16","author":"Shin","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Korean Psychological Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.11.036","article-title":"Gratitude, depression and PTSD: Assessment of structural relationships","volume":"230","author":"Van Dusen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000149","article-title":"The role of resilience and gratitude in posttraumatic stress and growth following a campus shooting","volume":"9","author":"Vieselmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0200","series-title":"WHO\/2019-nCoV\/clinical\/2020.5","article-title":"Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400504","article-title":"The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: Exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5539\/ijps.v10n3p21","article-title":"Gratitude and life satisfaction: mediating role of perceived stress","volume":"10","author":"Yildirim","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychological Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.923767","article-title":"Comparison of the indicators of psychological stress in the population of Hubei Province and Non-endemic provinces in China during two weeks during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in February 2020","volume":"26","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152217","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among Hubei pediatric nurses during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"104","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00386","article-title":"Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in the first-line medical staff fighting against COVID-19 in Gansu","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941721001527?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941721001527?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:31:52Z","timestamp":1760124712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883941721001527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883941721001527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9417","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association of gratitude with perceived stress among nurses in Korea during COVID-19 outbreak","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.10.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}