{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:37:56Z","timestamp":1786984676613,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","psychiatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T20:09:54Z","timestamp":1682194194000},"page":"69-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of factors strongly associated with nomophobia using structural equation modelling: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevil","family":"\u00c7\u0131nar \u00d6zbay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7754-2594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zkan","family":"\u00d6zbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9428-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysun","family":"Ak\u00e7am","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","family":"Kanbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.063","article-title":"Smartphone habit and behavior in Brunei: Personalization, gender, and generation gap","volume":"64","author":"Anshari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2019.1614709","article-title":"Smartphone addictions and nomophobia among youth","volume":"14","author":"Anshari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0000000000000196","article-title":"The effect of adolescents' internet addiction on smartphone addiction","volume":"28","author":"Ayar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Addictions Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S41386","article-title":"A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V","volume":"7","author":"Bragazzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2019.1692926","article-title":"The effect of nomophobic behavior of nurses working at surgical clinics on time management and psychological well-being","volume":"25","author":"B\u00fclb\u00fclo\u011flu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Use"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.043","article-title":"Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction and internet addiction","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.66878","article-title":"A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India","volume":"35","author":"Dixit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2018.09.003","article-title":"Investigation of nomophobia and smartphone addiction predictors among adolescents in Turkey: Demographic variables and academic performance","volume":"56","author":"Durak","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Social Science Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb6000","first-page":"29","article-title":"Exploring the influence of the patterns of mobile internet use on university students\u2019nomophobia levels","volume":"3","author":"Gezgin","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Education Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.17943\/etku.397112","article-title":"Gen\u00e7 nesil aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fan bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k: Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n farkl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenmesi","volume":"8","author":"Gezgin","year":"2018","journal-title":"E\u011fitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.14687\/jhs.v13i2.3797","article-title":"Analysis of nomofobic behaviors of adolescents regarding various factors","volume":"13","author":"Gezgin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Human Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2020.100025","article-title":"Nomophobia and lifestyle: Smartphone use and its relationship to psychopathologies","volume":"2","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-019-00541-2","article-title":"What is your level of nomophobia? An investigation of prevalence and level of nomophobia among young people in Turkey","volume":"56","author":"Gurbuz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3390\/psych3020019","article-title":"The prevalence of nomophobia by population and by research tool: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"3","author":"Humood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psych"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_130_19","article-title":"Nomophobia: A mixed-methods study on prevalence, associated factors, and perception among college students in Puducherry,India","volume":"41","author":"Jilisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.13090","article-title":"Developing F\u0131rat Nomophobia Scale and investigating its psychometric properties","volume":"58","author":"Kanbay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspectives in Psychiatric Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12924","article-title":"Development of F\u0131rat Netlessphobia Scale and investigation of its psychometric properties","volume":"58","author":"Kanbay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspectives in Psychiatric Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0085","first-page":"5","article-title":"Nomophobia\u2013An insight into its psychological aspects in India","volume":"4","author":"Kanmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"The International Journal of Indian Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19, loneliness, smartphone addiction, and mental wellbeing among the Turkish general population: A serial mediation model","author":"Kayis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e3181b7eabc","article-title":"Nomophobia: The mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: reducing phobias or worsening of dependence?","volume":"23","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.025","article-title":"Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?","volume":"29","author":"King","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250509","article-title":"A systematic review on nomophobia prevalence: Surfacing results and standard guidelines for future research","volume":"16","author":"Le\u00f3n-Mej\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/19439342.2012.711342","article-title":"The benefits and challenges of using systematic reviews in international development research","volume":"4","author":"Mallett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Development Effectiveness"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0506-1","article-title":"The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use","volume":"3","author":"Orben","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.17719\/jisr.20153710629","article-title":"\"Netlessfob\u0131a\" stay in connection or not that is the all fear: Fear of being without internet and organ\u0131zational reflections","volume":"8","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Social Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0130","first-page":"11","article-title":"Comparison between the internet and mobile phone addiction of adolescent with structural equation model and dominance analysis","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.015","article-title":"The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020580","article-title":"Nomophobia: An individual's growing fear of being without a smartphone\u2014A systematic literature review","volume":"17","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0145","author":"SecurEnvoy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: A systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence","volume":"19","author":"Sohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0155","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Disorder or driver? The effects of nomophobia on work-related outcomes in organizations","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.02.059","article-title":"Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire","volume":"49","author":"Yildirim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666915599025","article-title":"A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among turkish college students","volume":"32","author":"Yildirim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006_bb0170","first-page":"2","article-title":"Smartphone usage, smartphone addiction, internet addiction and Nomophobia Inuniversity Malaysia Sabah (UMS)","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Southeast Asia Psychology Journal"}],"container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941723000432?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941723000432?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:33:47Z","timestamp":1760124827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883941723000432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0883941723000432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9417","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of factors strongly associated with nomophobia using structural equation modelling: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2023.04.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}