{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:55:18Z","timestamp":1777874118139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","psychiatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:50:42Z","timestamp":1772095842000},"page":"152091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Navigating digital harassment: A cross\u2013country study of factors affecting cyberbullying among nursing students in Saudi Arabia and Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman Mohamed","family":"El-Ashry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3383-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora Ghalib","family":"AlOtaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagla Saleh","family":"AlSaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nashwa Ahmed Hussein Abdel","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9467-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaimaa Mohamed","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamdya Ahmed Ali","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Farghaly","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed N.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5046-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Adel","family":"Ghoneam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amera Bekhatroh","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nevin Adel","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2740-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eslam Reda","family":"Machaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anti-Cyber and information technology crimes laws and legislation in the GCC countries: A comparative analysis study of the laws of the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait","volume":"25","author":"Aissani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054293","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, self-esteem, internet addiction and predictors of cyberbullying and cybervictimization among female nursing university students: A cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Albikawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1108\/AGJSR-04-2023-0160","article-title":"Exposure to bullying between medical and non-medical university students in Bahrain","volume":"42","author":"Algahtani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/00912174241265560","article-title":"Relationship between cyberbullying, anxiety, and depression among university students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study","volume":"60","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.18357\/ijcyfs161202522342","article-title":"Cyberbullying among female college students in Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"Alissa","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0030","first-page":"791","article-title":"Bullying behaviors and stress (acute and perceived) among undergraduate nursing and midwifery students: The moderating role of gender and academic majors","volume":"21","author":"Almarwani","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608241256509","article-title":"Prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization among nursing students in Jordan","volume":"10","author":"Al-shatnawi","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.13085","article-title":"Nursing in the digital age: The role of nursing in addressing cyberbullying and adolescents mental health","volume":"32","author":"Amin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0040","author":"Arab Republic of Egypt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05025-w","article-title":"Awareness and level of digital literacy among students receiving health-based education","volume":"24","author":"Ayd\u0131nlar","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence, patterns, predictors, and effects of cyberbullying among Sohag University students","volume":"28","author":"Bakheet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sohag Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0055","article-title":"Meta-analyses of the predictors and outcomes of involvement in traditional bullying and cyberbullying among school students","volume":"73","author":"Barlett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0060","series-title":"The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design","volume":"vol. 352","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-024-00293-x","article-title":"Navigating the digital world: Development of an evidence-based digital literacy program and assessment tool for youth","volume":"11","author":"Buchan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/02697580241257217","article-title":"Cyberbullying and cyberstalking victimisation among university students: A narrative systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Bussu","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Review of Victimology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106744","article-title":"Development of a cyberbullying victimization scale for adolescents in South Korea","volume":"144","author":"Chun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dajour.2023.100164","article-title":"An outliers detection and elimination framework in classification task of data mining","volume":"6","author":"Dash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decision Analytics Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0085","author":"DataReportal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0090","author":"DataReportal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.065","article-title":"Structural validation and cross-cultural robustness of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire","volume":"50","author":"Del Rey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.21608\/jcmr.2024.328112.1000","article-title":"The relationship between cyberbullying and psychological status among Al Baha University Students, Saudi Arabia-2023","volume":"1","author":"El Amrosy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Current Multidisciplinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1666005","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in nursing: A systematic review of attitudes, literacy, readiness, and adoption intentions among nursing students and practicing nurses","volume":"7","author":"El Arab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0115","first-page":"420","article-title":"Effect of educational program on social media cyberbullying among nursing college students at Benha University","volume":"11","author":"Elattar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2024.39.e35","article-title":"Data distribution: Normal or abnormal?","volume":"39","author":"Habibzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Medical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0135","series-title":"Cyberbullying: Identification, prevention, and response","author":"Hinduja","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0140","series-title":"The past, present, and future of higher education in the Arabian Gulf region: Critical comparative perspectives in a Neoliberal Era","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0145","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors and impacts of cyberbullying victimization","volume":"9","author":"Kasturiratna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0150","author":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0155","first-page":"548","article-title":"Cyberbullying, social media addiction and associations with depression, anxiety and stress among medical students in Malaysia","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0160","article-title":"Gender differences in online harassment perpetration among university students in Korea: Impact of patriarchal family and moderators","volume":"0","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Feminist Criminology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1067165","article-title":"Cybervictimization and cyberbullying among college students: The chain mediating effects of stress and rumination","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcae070.557","article-title":"Prevalence of cyberbullying victimization and its psychological outcomes among Ain Shams University first-year students [Conference abstract]","author":"Madbouly Elmahdy","year":"2024","journal-title":"QJM Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.101893","article-title":"Adolescent victims of cyberbullying in Bangladesh-prevalence and relationship with psychiatric disorders","volume":"48","author":"Mallik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.03074","article-title":"Cyberbullying in the university setting. Relationship with emotional problems and adaptation to the university","volume":"10","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Monteagudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0185","first-page":"45","article-title":"Unravelling cyberbullying among Egyptian adolescents: The protective influence of self-control and moral identity","volume":"19","author":"Othman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cybsec\/tyae026","article-title":"Cyberbullying on social media: Definitions, prevalence, and impact challenges","volume":"10","author":"Ray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cybersecurity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0195","first-page":"152","article-title":"Students\u2019 awareness about psychosocial problems associated with cyberbullying","volume":"3","author":"Rezk El Khateeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Sciences Benha University"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0200","article-title":"Cybercrime in Egypt: Evolving threats, legal responses, and future challenges","volume":"10","author":"Sagawy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Degr\u00e9s"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.12799\/rcphn.2023.00038","article-title":"Cyberbullying among university students during the E-learning transformation era: The role of the student-teacher relationship and virtual classroom community","volume":"34","author":"Sayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research in Community and Public Health Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2023.2168681","article-title":"Cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among university students in Bangladesh: Prevalence, impact and help-seeking practices","volume":"22","author":"Sheikh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of School Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0225","article-title":"The mediating role of authentic followership in the relationship between job crafting and nurses\u2019 quality of work life","author":"Tawfik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.848678","article-title":"Correlational study on cyberbullying and social abilities in intercultural teenagers","volume":"13","author":"Tom\u00e9-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0235","author":"UNESCO"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091_bb0240","first-page":"45","article-title":"Cyberbullying redefined: An analysis of intent and repetition","volume":"4","author":"Walker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Social Research"}],"container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941726000415?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941726000415?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:02:04Z","timestamp":1777575724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883941726000415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0883941726000415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9417","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Navigating digital harassment: A cross\u2013country study of factors affecting cyberbullying among nursing students in Saudi Arabia and Egypt","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152091","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152091"}}