{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:31:02Z","timestamp":1786966262611,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"Syddansk Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024075","name":"Region Syddanmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","psychiatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:39:18Z","timestamp":1781969958000},"page":"152170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Preventing mechanical restraint in forensic mental health care: A secondary analysis of interviews with patients, carers, nursing assistants and nursing staff"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"F.A.","family":"Gildberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lindekilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.H.","family":"Kerring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Klingenberg-Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.B.","family":"Tingleff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr09050","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce restrictive practices in adult mental health inpatient settings: The COMPARE systematic mapping review","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Services and Delivery Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0010","series-title":"Symbolic interactionism. Perspective and method","first-page":"1","article-title":"The methodological position of symbolic interactionism","author":"Blumer","year":"1986"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12129","article-title":"Safewards: A new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards","volume":"21","author":"Bowers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12085","article-title":"Safewards: The empirical basis of the model and a critical appraisal","volume":"21","author":"Bowers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2015.05.001","article-title":"Reducing conflict and containment rates on acute psychiatric wards: The Safewards cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Bowers","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0030","series-title":"Report to the Danish Government on the visit to Denmark carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 4 to 13 February 2014","author":"CPT","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12432","article-title":"An integrative review exploring the physical and psychological harm inherent in using restraint in mental health inpatient settings","volume":"27","author":"Cusack","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0040","series-title":"Qualitative data analysis. A user-friendly guide for social scientists","first-page":"30","article-title":"What is qualitative analysis?","author":"Dey","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.016","article-title":"Minimising the use of physical restraint in acute mental health services: The outcome of a restraint reduction programme (\u2019REsTRAIN YOURSELF\u2019)","volume":"95","author":"Duxbury","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.733272","article-title":"Contextual barriers and enablers to Safewards implementation in Victoria, Australia: Application of the consolidated framework for implementation research","volume":"12","author":"Fletcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0055","article-title":"Consumer perspectives of Safewards impact in acute inpatient mental health wards in Victoria, Australia","volume":"10","author":"Fletcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0060","first-page":"193","article-title":"Empirically Testing Thematic Analysis (ETTA): Methodological implications in a textual analysis coding system","volume":"5","author":"Gildberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nordic Nursing Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2021.06.007","article-title":"Conflict management: A qualitative study of mental health staff's perceptions of factors that may influence conflicts with forensic mental health inpatients","volume":"35","author":"Gildberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0000000000000118","article-title":"Humor: Power conveying social structures inside forensic mental health nursing","volume":"12","author":"Gildberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.2023.e1893","article-title":"Scientific models for qualitative research: A textual thematic analysis coding system \u2013 part 2","volume":"31","author":"Gildberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurse Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0080","article-title":"Scientific models for qualitative research: A textual thematic analysis coding system - Part 2","author":"Gildberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurse Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0085","series-title":"Qualitative methods for health research","author":"Green","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0090","author":"Health, M. o"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2023.2259997","article-title":"A meta-ethnographic review of forensic psychiatry inpatient care. Nursing staff experiences of the nurse-patient encounter","volume":"44","author":"Hellz\u00e9n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Issues in Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20040901-05","article-title":"Reducing seclusion restraint in mental health use settings: Core strategies for prevention","volume":"42","author":"Huckshorn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2004.00287.x","article-title":"The application of grounded theory and symbolic interactionism","volume":"18","author":"Jeon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12827","article-title":"Safewards secure: A Delphi study to develop an addition to the Safewards model for forensic mental health services","volume":"29","author":"Maguire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856220946634","article-title":"Benchmarking to reduce restrictive practices in forensic mental health services: A Delphi study","volume":"29","author":"Maguire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australasian Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12383","article-title":"Prolonged use of seclusion and mechanical restraint in mental health services: A statewide retrospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"McKenna","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12300","article-title":"Forensic mental health clinician\u2019s experiences with and assessment of alliance regarding the patient\u2019s readiness to be released from mechanical restraint","volume":"27","author":"Nielsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1094-2","article-title":"One-year incidence and prevalence of seclusion: Dutch findings in an international perspective","volume":"50","author":"Noorthoorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732317750120","article-title":"Family members\u2019 existential and moral dilemmas with coercion in mental healthcare","volume":"28","author":"Norvoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13267","article-title":"A systematic review of interventions to reduce mechanical restraint in adult mental health inpatient settings","volume":"33","author":"Pedersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2011.00793.x","article-title":"Key components of de-escalation techniques: A thematic synthesis","volume":"21","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-013-9262-6","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with the utilization of restraints: A review of literature","volume":"84","author":"Rakhmatullina","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0155","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: Update of Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"374","author":"Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0160","series-title":"Participant observation. Part two. The developmental research sequence","first-page":"111","article-title":"Making a taxonomic analysis","author":"Spradley","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0165","series-title":"The use of coercive measures in forensic psychiatric care","first-page":"87","article-title":"An international perspective on the use of coercive measures","author":"Steinert","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0170","series-title":"Brug af tvang 2004-2024 (udgivet 23. maj 2025)","author":"Sundhedsdatastyrelsen","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3928\/01484834-20060601-04","article-title":"Thinking like a nurse: A research-based model of clinical judgment in nursing","volume":"45","author":"Tanner","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Nursing Education"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15889","article-title":"Understanding the decision-making of critical care nurses when restraining a patient with psychomotor agitation secondary to hyperactive delirium: A \u2018think aloud\u2019 study","volume":"31","author":"Teece","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12549","article-title":"Forensic psychiatric patients' perceptions of situations associated with mechanical restraint: A qualitative interview study","volume":"28","author":"Tingleff","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0000000000000237","article-title":"A matter of trust and distrust: A qualitative investigation of parents' perceptions about the use of mechanical restraint on their adult children in a forensic psychiatric setting","volume":"15","author":"Tingleff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E70","DOI":"10.1097\/JFN.0000000000000572","article-title":"Content and feasibility of interventions to reduce mechanical restraint use in adult forensic mental health inpatient settings: A qualitative study of service users\u2019, relatives\u2019, and staff\u2019s perceptions in Denmark","volume":"22","author":"Tingleff","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02235-1","article-title":"Medicine and heuristics: Cognitive biases and medical decision-making","volume":"189","author":"Whelehan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"}],"container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941726001202?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941726001202?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:18:44Z","timestamp":1786965524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883941726001202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0883941726001202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9417","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preventing mechanical restraint in forensic mental health care: A secondary analysis of interviews with patients, carers, nursing assistants and nursing staff","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152170","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152170"}}