{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:45:20Z","timestamp":1791819920913,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","psychiatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:01:49Z","timestamp":1788879709000},"page":"152234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Intramuscular pharmacological treatment and mechanical restraint duration in acute psychiatric settings: Implications for nursing practice \u2014 A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6712-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagit","family":"Dahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosef","family":"Hayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Bloemhof-Bris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albina","family":"Hanukashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galit","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390319878776","article-title":"Decreasing duration of mechanical restraint episodes by increasing registered nurse assessment and surveillance in an acute psychiatric hospital","volume":"26","author":"Allen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565090-00003","article-title":"Pharmacological management of acute agitation","volume":"65","author":"Battaglia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.12.018","article-title":"Haloperidol versus ziprasidone with concomitant medications and other predictors of physical restraint duration in the emergency department","volume":"62","author":"Coralic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12432","article-title":"An integrative review exploring the physical and psychological harm inherent in using restraint in mental health inpatient settings","volume":"27","author":"Cusack","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0025","series-title":"WHO resource book on mental health, human rights and legislation","author":"Freeman","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2015.09.001","article-title":"Post-seclusion and\/or restraint review in psychiatry: A pilot study","volume":"30","author":"Goulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2011.01134.x","article-title":"Restraint and seclusion use in U.S. school settings: Recommendations from allied treatment disciplines","volume":"82","author":"LeBel","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-018-0274-4","article-title":"Clinical and demographic characteristics of secluded and mechanically restrained mentally ill patients: A retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"Miodownik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Health Policy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0045","series-title":"Violence and aggression: Short-term management in mental health, health and community settings (NICE Guideline NG10)","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009377.pub3","article-title":"Haloperidol for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)","volume":"2017","author":"Ostinelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118776738","article-title":"Joint BAP NAPICU evidence-based consensus guidelines for the clinical management of acute disturbance: De-escalation and rapid tranquillisation","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001163","article-title":"Seclusion and restraint for people with serious mental illnesses","volume":"2012","author":"Sailas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000381","article-title":"Olanzapine intramuscular shows better efficacy than zuclopenthixol acetate intramuscular in reducing the need for restraint, but not in comparison to haloperidol intramuscular","volume":"37","author":"Sinai","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0132-3","article-title":"Incidence of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric hospitals: A literature review and survey of international trends","volume":"45","author":"Steinert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.2453","article-title":"Mechanical restraint in inpatient psychiatric settings: A systematic review of international prevalence, associations, outcomes, and reduction strategies","volume":"68","author":"Whiting","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2011.9.6866","article-title":"The psychopharmacology of agitation: Consensus statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA Psychopharmacology Workgroup","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine"}],"container-title":["Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941726001846?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883941726001846?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:47:23Z","timestamp":1791816443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883941726001846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["S0883941726001846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9417","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intramuscular pharmacological treatment and mechanical restraint duration in acute psychiatric settings: Implications for nursing practice \u2014 A retrospective observational study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2026.152234","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152234"}}