{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:50:24Z","timestamp":1792198224835,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appetite"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T16:50:00Z","timestamp":1557247800000},"page":"50-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Orthorexia nervosa: A review of psychosocial risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"McComb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib1","article-title":"The relationship between orthorexia nervosa and body composition in female students of the nutrition and dietetics department","author":"Agopyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327792","article-title":"Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish performance artists","volume":"14","author":"Aksoydan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0517-y","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Portuguese fitness participants","volume":"23","author":"Almeida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325325","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa behavior in a sample of Brazilian dietitians assessed by the Portugese version of the ORTO-15","volume":"17","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib5","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2014.987920","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa in Turkish dietitians","volume":"54","author":"Asil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology of Food and Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2007.04.007","article-title":"Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in resident medical doctors in the faculty of medicine (Ankara, Turkey)","volume":"49","author":"Bagci Bosi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0280-x","article-title":"The interrelationship between orthorexia nervosa, perfectionism, body image and attachment style","volume":"22","author":"Barnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.07.008","article-title":"Organivore or organorexic? Examining the relationship between alternative food network engagement, disordered eating, and special diets","volume":"105","author":"Barnett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.34.2.299671","article-title":"Bidimensional structure of the orthorexia: Development and initial validation of a new instrument","volume":"34","author":"Barrada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anales de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0329-x","article-title":"Orthorexic eating behaviour as a coping strategy in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"22","author":"Barthels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000310","article-title":"Die D\u00fcsseldorfer Orthorexie Skala\u2014Konstruktion und Evaluation eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung orthorektischen Ern\u00e4hrungsverhaltens [Duesseldorf orthorexia scale\u2014construction and evaluation of a questionnaire measuring orthorexic eating behavior]","volume":"44","author":"Barthels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie: Forschung und Praxis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0479-0","article-title":"Orthorexic and restrained eating behaviour in vegans, vegetarians, and individuals on a diet","volume":"23","author":"Barthels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.06.021","article-title":"The high cost of not consuming fruits and vegetables","volume":"106","author":"Bazzano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib15","series-title":"Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook","first-page":"162","article-title":"Clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa","author":"Beumont","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-014-0221-2","article-title":"University courses, eating problems, and muscle dysmorphia: Are there any associations?","volume":"12","author":"Bo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib17","first-page":"45","article-title":"The health food eating disorder","author":"Bratman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Yoga Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib18","series-title":"The authorized bratman orthorexia self-test","author":"Bratman","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictors of orthorexic behaviours in patients with eating disorders: A preliminary study","volume":"15","author":"Bryrek-Matera","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib20","first-page":"55","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa\u2014an eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or disturbed eating habit?","volume":"1","author":"Brytek-Matera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib21","article-title":"Strict health-oriented eating patterns (orthorexic eating behaviours) and their connection with a vegetarian and vegan diet","author":"Brytek-Matera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-015-0038-2","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa and self-attitudinal aspects of body image in female and male university students","volume":"3","author":"Brytek-Matera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0427-4","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: Relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, disordered eating patterns and body uneasiness among Italian university students","volume":"22","author":"Brytek-Matera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.02.144","article-title":"Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among college students based on Bratman's test and associated tendencies","volume":"101","author":"Bundros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib25","first-page":"66","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: A new eating disorders?","volume":"33","author":"Catalina Zamora","year":"2005","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib26","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa: A narrative review of the literature","author":"Cena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27176-9","article-title":"Muscle dysmorphia and its associated psychological features in three groups of recreational athletes","volume":"8","author":"Cerea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2017.11.002","article-title":"A comparison of eating attitudes between vegans\/vegetarians and nonvegans\/nonvegetarians in terms of orthorexia nervosa","volume":"32","author":"Cicekoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib29","article-title":"A pilot study comparing the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in regular students and those in university sports teams","author":"Clifford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib30","first-page":"190","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Italian university population","volume":"51","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rivista di Psichiatria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S108912","article-title":"Historical evolution of the concept anorexia nervosa and relationships with orthorexia nervosa, autism, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum","volume":"12","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib32","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of orthorexia nervosa in a sample of university students in Italy","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0334-0","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of orthorexia nervosa among German students using the 21-item DOS","volume":"22","author":"Depa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/75739","article-title":"A study on the relationship between orthorexia and vegetarianism using the BOT (Bratman Test for Orthorexia)","volume":"51","author":"Dittfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatria Polska"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-0153(03)00013-8","article-title":"A prospective analysis of eating disorder risk factors: Drive for thinness, depressed mood, maladaptive cognitions, and ineffectiveness","volume":"4","author":"Dobmeyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eating Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325060","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: A preliminary study with a proposal for diagnosis and an attempt to measure the dimension of the phenomenon","volume":"9","author":"Donini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327537","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: Validation of a diagnosis questionnaire","volume":"10","author":"Donini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2015.12.006","article-title":"On orthorexia nervosa: A review of the literature and proposed diagnostic criteria","volume":"21","author":"Dunn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eating Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0258-8","article-title":"Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa is less than 1%: Data from a US sample","volume":"22","author":"Dunn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00723.x","article-title":"Social physique anxiety and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance impact on orthorexia test in fitness participants","volume":"18","author":"Eriksson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.03.001","article-title":"Prevalence of orthorexia among medical students in Erzurum, Turkey","volume":"51","author":"Fidan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measuring \u201corthorexia:\u201d development of the eating habits questionnaire","volume":"12","author":"Gleaves","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"75","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Orthorexia and anorexia nervosa: Two distinct phenomena? A cross-cultural comparison of orthorexic behaviours in clinical and non-clinical samples","volume":"17","author":"Gramaglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Central Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0514-1","article-title":"Food addiction, orthorexia, and food-related stress among dietetics students","volume":"23","author":"Grammatikopoulou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.31.2.124","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: An examination of the prevalence, correlates, and associated impairment in a university sample","volume":"31","author":"Hayles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-014-0131-6","article-title":"Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among ashtanga yoga practitioners: A pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Herranz Valera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2016.1197271","article-title":"The assessment of orthorexia nervosa among 1899 Polish adolescents using the ORTO-15 questionnaire","volume":"20","author":"Hyrnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22473","article-title":"Attachment and mentalization and their association with child and adolescent eating pathology: A systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Jewell","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib49","first-page":"117","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa tendency among students of the department of nutrition and dietetics at a university in Instanbul","volume":"4","author":"Karakus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Northern Clinics of Istanbul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S61665","article-title":"The clinical basis of orthorexia nervosa: Emerging perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Koven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib51","first-page":"90","article-title":"Dissatisfaction with physical appearance and behaviors associated with eating disorders in adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Livazovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Criminology & Social Integration Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib52","article-title":"Is orthorexic behaviour common in the general public? A large representative study in Germany","author":"Luck-Sikorski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.11.028","article-title":"Health status, physical activity, and orthorexia nervosa: A comparison between exercise science students and business students","volume":"109","author":"Malmborg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2005.08.021","article-title":"What is orthorexia?","volume":"105","author":"Mathieu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135772","article-title":"When eating right, is measured wrong! A validation and critical examination of the ORTO-15 questionnaire in German","volume":"10","author":"Missbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2014.03.003","article-title":"Microthinking about micronutrients: A case of transition from obsession about healthy eating to near-fatal \u201corthorexia nervosa\u201d and proposed diagnostic criteria","volume":"56","author":"Moroze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0508-z","article-title":"Orthorexia symptoms correlate with perceived muscularity and body fat, not BMI","author":"Oberle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.10.021","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: Assessment and correlates with gender, BMI, and personality","volume":"108","author":"Oberle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0470-1","article-title":"Orthorexic eating behaviors related to exercise addiction and internal motivations in a sample of university students","volume":"23","author":"Oberle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5049\/EBP.2011.9.1.32","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa with hyponatremia, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastimum, pneumothorax, and pancytopenia","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrolyte Blood Press"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1943-0","article-title":"Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in university students and its relationship with psychopathological aspects of eating behaviour disorders","volume":"18","author":"Parra-Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0573-3","article-title":"Structural validation of ORTO-11-ES for the diagnosis of orthorexia nervosa, Spanish version","volume":"23","author":"Parra-Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135103","article-title":"Causes of eating disorders","volume":"53","author":"Polivy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib65","first-page":"22","article-title":"Relationship between orthorexia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"53","author":"Poyraz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yeni Symposium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0535-9","article-title":"Is the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in an Australian university population 6.5%?","volume":"23","author":"Reynolds","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2017.36","article-title":"Measuring orthorexia nervosa: Psychometric limitations of the ORTO-15","volume":"20","author":"Roncero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib68","article-title":"The connection between exercise addiction and orthorexia nervosa in German fitness sports","author":"Rudolph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2016.1150276","article-title":"Does the rise in eating disorders lead to increasing risk of orthorexia nervosa? Correlations with gender, education, and body mass index","volume":"55","author":"Sanlier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecology of Food and Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2018.3","article-title":"The relationship between body image concerns and weight-related behaviours of adolescents and emerging adults: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Santhira Shagar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib71","first-page":"226","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: A frequent eating disordered behaviour in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Segura-Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-014-0171-y","article-title":"The prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among eating disorder patients after treatment","volume":"20","author":"Segura-Garcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.129","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: A behavioral complex or psychological condition?","volume":"7","author":"Strahler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22302","article-title":"Attachment and eating disorders: A review of current research","volume":"47","author":"Tasca","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00144","article-title":"Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidencce for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology","volume":"10","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449208403160","article-title":"Differences between smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers, and implications for their health","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.05.001","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa and eating disorder symptoms in registered dietitian nutritionists in the United States","volume":"117","author":"Tremelling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0364-2","article-title":"Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa","volume":"22","author":"Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-013-0026-y","article-title":"Evidence and gaps in the literature on orthorexia nervosa","volume":"18","author":"Varga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-59","article-title":"When eating healthy is not healthy: Orthorexia nervosa and its measurement with the ORTO-15 in Hungary","volume":"14","author":"Varga","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Central Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Appetite"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195666318315290?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195666318315290?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T01:55:53Z","timestamp":1759283753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195666318315290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S0195666318315290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Orthorexia nervosa: A review of psychosocial risk factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Appetite","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2019.05.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}