{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:27:41Z","timestamp":1793309261813,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appetite"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T19:38:54Z","timestamp":1734809934000},"page":"107838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Challenges and barriers to WIC participation vary by participation status and language: Findings from focus groups in Missouri"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irma A.","family":"Arteaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorella L.","family":"Carlos Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle S.","family":"Segovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Rodolfo M.","family":"Nayga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.12.1547","article-title":"Mental health care for Latinos: Inequalities in use of specialty mental health services among Latinos, African Americans, and non-Latino Whites","volume":"53","author":"Alegria","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.07.015","article-title":"The impact of aging out of WIC on food security in households with children","volume":"69","author":"Arteaga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/aepp\/ppy009","article-title":"Design flaws: Consequences of the coverage gap in food programs for children at kindergarten entry","volume":"41","author":"Arteaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.07.003","article-title":"A qualitative examination of California WIC participants' and local agency directors' experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","volume":"122","author":"Au","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.13423","article-title":"\u201cIt was actually pretty easy\u201d: COVID\u201019 compliance cost reductions in the WIC program","volume":"81","author":"Barnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Administration Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2014.02.003","article-title":"Women, infants, and children cash value voucher (CVV) use in Arizona: A qualitative exploration of barriers and strategies related to fruit and vegetable purchases","volume":"46","author":"Bertmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.2307\/3558984","article-title":"WIC eligibility and participation","author":"Bitler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.016","article-title":"Participants' comments on changes in the revised special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children food packages: The Maryland food preference study","volume":"109","author":"Black","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794109356743","article-title":"Qualitative method and compromise in applied social research","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qualitative Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.09.003","article-title":"WIC recipients in the retail environment: A qualitative study assessing customer experience and satisfaction","volume":"119","author":"Chauvenet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib12","series-title":"Assessment of client satisfaction in six urban WIC clinics","author":"Christie","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.023","article-title":"Predictors of WIC uptake among low-income pregnant individuals: A longitudinal nationwide analysis","volume":"117","author":"Collin","year":"2017","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib14","author":"Dietrich"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051210","article-title":"A systems approach to identify factors influencing participation in two tribally-administered WIC programs","volume":"15","author":"Estrad\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112496","article-title":"Connecting the dots between barriers to WIC access and adult and child food insecurity: A survey of Missouri residents","volume":"15","author":"Frank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-053889","article-title":"Caregiver perspectives on underutilization of WIC: A qualitative study","volume":"149","author":"Gago","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-023-03728-y","article-title":"Understanding the predictors of low take-up of the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC): A nationwide longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2018.12.002","article-title":"From paper to plastic: Understanding the impact of eWIC on WIC recipient behavior","volume":"83","author":"Hanks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib20","series-title":"Arizona Department of Health Services\u2013WIC attitudes, barriers, & beliefs study: Final report","author":"Horton","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib21","first-page":"37","article-title":"Qualitative analysis of maternal barriers and perceptions to participation in a federal supplemental nutrition program in rural appalachian North Carolina","volume":"2","author":"Isaacs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Appalachian Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1086\/600111","article-title":"Transitions into and out of the WIC program: A cause for concern?","volume":"83","author":"Jacknowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Service Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib23","series-title":"WIC participant and program characteristics 2012","author":"Johnson","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000151","article-title":"Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board task force report","volume":"73","author":"Levitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12259","article-title":"Concerns and structural barriers associated with WIC participation among WIC\u2010eligible women","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nursing"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2020.12.011","article-title":"A qualitative exploration of predominantly white non-Hispanic Tennessee WIC participants' food retail and WIC clinic experiences during COVID-19","volume":"121","author":"McElrone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122648","article-title":"Four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparison of clinical and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Mihajlovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.03.013","article-title":"Insights from Washington state's COVID-19 response: A mixed-methods evaluation of WIC remote services and expanded food options using the RE-AIM framework","volume":"122","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp050064","article-title":"Health disparities: A barrier to high-quality care","volume":"62","author":"Mullins","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/1362168820941288","article-title":"Good qualitative research","volume":"24","author":"Nassaji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Language Teaching Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2339-3","article-title":"Effects of a 2014 statewide policy change on cash-value voucher redemptions for fruits\/vegetables among participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)","volume":"21","author":"Okeke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-019-00765-z","article-title":"The nutrition benefits participation gap: Barriers to uptake of SNAP and WIC among latinx American immigrant families","volume":"45","author":"Pelto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.3.477","article-title":"Why do WIC participants fail to pick up their checks? An urban study in the wake of welfare reform","volume":"93","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2013.03.009","article-title":"WIC in your neighborhood: New evidence on the impacts of geographic access to clinics","volume":"102","author":"Rossin-Slater","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib35","series-title":"Fewer than half of WIC-eligible families receive WIC benefits","author":"Smith","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.32398\/cjhp.v3i3.646","article-title":"Perceived barriers to participation in a supplemental nutrition program among low-income women on the US\/Mexico border","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"California Journal of Health Promotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7748\/nr2005.07.13.1.29.c5998","article-title":"Part II. Rigour in qualitative research: Complexities and solutions","volume":"13","author":"Tuckett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurse Researcher"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14356","article-title":"Association of remote vs in-person benefit delivery with WIC participation during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"326","author":"Vasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-013-9801-0","article-title":"Identifying barriers preventing Latina women from accessing WIC online health information","volume":"16","author":"Vehawn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-021-01026-8","article-title":"WIC participants' perceptions of COVID-19-related changes to WIC recertification and service delivery","volume":"47","author":"Ventura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2018.04.280","article-title":"Preferences and perceived value of WIC foods among WIC caregivers","volume":"50","author":"Weber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306211","article-title":"The importance of federal waivers and technology in ensuring access to WIC during COVID-19","volume":"111","author":"Whaley","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2004.02.028","article-title":"Barriers to the use of WIC services","volume":"104","author":"Woelfel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2021.03.002","article-title":"App usage associated with full redemption of WIC food benefits: A propensity score approach","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior"}],"container-title":["Appetite"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195666324006421?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195666324006421?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T09:28:39Z","timestamp":1774258119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195666324006421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0195666324006421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Challenges and barriers to WIC participation vary by participation status and language: Findings from focus groups in Missouri","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Appetite","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107838","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107838"}}