{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:19:43Z","timestamp":1774261183756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":335,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32MH019836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32MH019836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appetite"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T12:24:56Z","timestamp":1735043096000},"page":"107841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Is trauma associated with plant-based diet choice?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-7402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faith O.","family":"Nomamiukor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline A.","family":"Smethurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly R.","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn G.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Padilla-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxine","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey T.","family":"Taft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830514Y.0000000164","article-title":"Vegans report less stress and anxiety than omnivores","volume":"18","author":"Beezhold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutritional Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.107165","article-title":"Relation between orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia: A latent profile analysis","volume":"194","author":"Boutin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000011","article-title":"Why is the vegan line in the dining hall always the shortest? Understanding vegan stigma","volume":"1","author":"Bresnahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stigma and Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2017.04.011","article-title":"Characteristics of Americans choosing vegetarian and vegan diets for health reasons","volume":"49","author":"Cramer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040325","article-title":"A prospective study of red and processed mean intake in relation to cancer risk","volume":"4","author":"Cross","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203886","article-title":"Elevated empathy in adults following childhood trauma","volume":"13","author":"Greenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2752\/175174412X13190510222101","article-title":"Veganism, identity, and the quest for authenticity","volume":"15","author":"Greenebaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food, Culture and Society"},{"issue":"S9","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1086\/675929","article-title":"Juggling with debt, social ties, and values: The everyday use of microcredit in rural South India","volume":"55","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnac200","article-title":"High fiber plant-based diet for chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: A feasibility study","volume":"24","author":"Herbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1163\/156853011X562999","article-title":"\u201cWhat pushed me over the edge was a deer hunter\u201d: Being vegan in North America","volume":"19","author":"Hirschler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Society and Animals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000908","article-title":"Does requiring trauma exposure affect rates of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD? Implications for DSM\u20135","volume":"13","author":"Hyland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa030","article-title":"Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Iguacel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22170","article-title":"Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: A meta analysis of prospective studies","volume":"119","author":"Larsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.01.035","article-title":"Vegetarian diet and mental health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in culturally diverse samples","volume":"248","author":"Lavallee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M., Ball, L., Hill, S., Crowe, T. C., Walsh, H., Cosgrove, T., & Best, T. (2025). Omnivore, vegan and vegetarian diet quality associations with depressive symptoms: A comparative cross-sectional analysis of the Australian longitudinal study on women's health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 370, 18\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.10.119.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.10.119"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjnph-2021-000332","article-title":"Plant-based dietary quality and depressive symptoms in Australian vegans and vegetarians: A cross sectional study","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond hippies and rabbit food: The social effects of vegetarianism and veganism","volume":"3","author":"Lindquist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sociology and Anthropology Theses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765612437377","article-title":"The aftermath of childhood trauma on late life mental and physical health: A review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Maschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib19","article-title":"What share of people say they are vegetarian, vegan, or flexitarian?","author":"Mathieu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Our World in Data"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-022-01428-0","article-title":"Disordered eating and the meat-avoidance spectrum: A systematic review and clinical implications","volume":"27","author":"McLean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-018-0179-0","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: From diagnosis to prevention","volume":"5","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Military Medical Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-67","article-title":"Vegetarian diet and mental disorders: Results from a representative community survey","volume":"9","author":"Michalak","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110633","article-title":"Plant-based dietary intake moderates adverse childhood experiences association with early mortality in an older Adventist cohort","volume":"151","author":"Morton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib24","first-page":"317","article-title":"An examination of measurement characteristics and factorial validity of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale","volume":"61","author":"Newton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.07.098","article-title":"Vegetarian diet and depression scores: A meta-analysis","volume":"294","author":"Ocklenburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011003454","article-title":"Vegetarian diets and blood pressure among white subjects: Results from the adventist health study-2 AHS-2","volume":"15","author":"Pettersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014223","article-title":"Altruism born of suffering: The roots of caring and helping after victimization and other trauma","volume":"78","author":"Staub","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.19.5.507.63686","article-title":"A short form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and typologies for severity and mutuality","volume":"19","author":"Straus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Violence & Victims"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017003001","article-title":"The revised Conflict Tactics Scalcs (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data","volume":"17","author":"Straus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Family Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2014.857517","article-title":"Eating disorders, trauma, PTSD, and psychosocial resources","volume":"22","author":"Tagay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.109957","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms: Protective effects of dietary flavonoids","volume":"131","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib34","series-title":"Posttraumatic growth: Theory, research, and applications","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.02.005","article-title":"Will the real vegetarian please stand up? An investigation of dietary restraint and eating disorder symptoms in vegetarians versus non vegetarians","volume":"58","author":"Timko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1886","article-title":"Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Tonstad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.07.004","article-title":"Vegetarian diets and incidence of diabetes in the adventist health study-2","volume":"23","author":"Tonstad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000121365","article-title":"Meats, processed meats, obesity, weight gain and occurrence of diabetes among adults: Findings from Adventist Health Studies","volume":"52","author":"Vang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043258","article-title":"The association between vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diet quality and depressive symptoms in adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"}],"container-title":["Appetite"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195666324006457?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195666324006457?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T09:36:28Z","timestamp":1774258588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195666324006457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0195666324006457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is trauma associated with plant-based diet choice?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Appetite","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107841","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107841"}}