{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:46:48Z","timestamp":1793692008701,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T02:43:30Z","timestamp":1640141010000},"page":"2129-2149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Bile acid coordinates microbiota homeostasis and systemic immunometabolism in cardiometabolic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Baoyi","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0889-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anlu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0786-7","article-title":"Improving prevention strategies for cardiometabolic disease","volume":"26","author":"Sattar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485","article-title":"Inflammation and metabolic disorders","volume":"444","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21363","article-title":"Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders","volume":"542","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.08.012","article-title":"Systemic immunometabolism: challenges and opportunities","volume":"53","author":"Lercher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.01.022","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome blockade reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis in experimental NASH in mice","volume":"66","author":"Mridha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.014","article-title":"Evidence that TLR4 is not a receptor for saturated fatty acids but mediates lipid-induced inflammation by reprogramming macrophage metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Lancaster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.060","article-title":"Long-term changes in gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and coronary heart disease risk","volume":"75","author":"Heianza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.025","article-title":"An integrated view of immunometabolism","volume":"172","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s43","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.5496","article-title":"Bile acids in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases","volume":"16","author":"V\u00edtek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0299-9","article-title":"Bile acids at the cross-roads of gut microbiome-host cardiometabolic interactions","volume":"9","author":"Ryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndrome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01382","article-title":"Pharmacological applications of bile acids and their derivatives in the treatment of metabolic syndrome","volume":"9","author":"\u00d0ani\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib12","first-page":"159","article-title":"Bile acid and cholesterol metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and therapy","volume":"5","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.07.022","article-title":"Understanding the physiological functions of the host xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors PXR and CAR on the gut microbiome using genetically modified mice","volume":"12","author":"Little","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.05.023","article-title":"Bile acid homeostasis in female mice deficient in Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1","volume":"11","author":"Rizzolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700330-JLR200","article-title":"Differential regulation of bile acid homeostasis by the farnesoid X receptor in liver and intestine","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1362","article-title":"Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids","volume":"284","author":"Makishima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28709","article-title":"Bile acids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"65","author":"Arab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.013","article-title":"Pleiotropic roles of bile acids in metabolism","volume":"17","author":"de Aguiar Vallim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-018-0644-x","article-title":"Bile acids and their effects on diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Rajani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506982103","article-title":"Activation of the nuclear receptor FXR improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.037","article-title":"Intestinal farnesoid X receptor controls transintestinal cholesterol excretion in mice","volume":"152","author":"de Boer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28712","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor activation increases reverse cholesterol transport by modulating bile acid composition and cholesterol absorption in mice","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21025","article-title":"Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c","volume":"113","author":"Watanabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0120","article-title":"Bile acids induce the expression of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene via activation of the farnesoid X receptor","volume":"17","author":"Pineda Torra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12594","article-title":"Treatment with the natural FXR agonist chenodeoxycholic acid reduces clearance of plasma LDL whilst decreasing circulating PCSK9, lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein C-III","volume":"281","author":"Ghosh Laskar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00896-5","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor agonists suppress hepatic apolipoprotein CIII expression","volume":"125","author":"Claudel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-0525-1","article-title":"FXR-mediated inhibition of autophagy contributes to FA-induced TG accumulation and accordingly reduces FA-induced lipotoxicity","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.061","article-title":"Small heterodimer partner and fibroblast growth factor 19 inhibit expression of NPC1L1 in mouse intestine and cholesterol absorption","volume":"156","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M094508","article-title":"FXR overexpression alters adipose tissue architecture in mice and limits its storage capacity leading to metabolic derangements","volume":"60","author":"van Zutphen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10166","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10166","article-title":"Intestine-selective farnesoid X receptor inhibition improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310283","article-title":"Microbiota-induced obesity requires farnesoid X receptor","volume":"66","author":"Pars\u00e9us","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76738","article-title":"Intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"125","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02068-0","article-title":"TGR5 signalling promotes mitochondrial fission and beige remodelling of white adipose tissue","volume":"9","author":"Velazquez-Villegas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04330","article-title":"Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation","volume":"439","author":"Watanabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10322","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002733","article-title":"The exercise-inducible bile acid receptor Tgr5 improves skeletal muscle function in mice","volume":"293","author":"Sasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.002","article-title":"The bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid increases human brown adipose tissue activity","volume":"22","author":"Broeders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0856","article-title":"Defective FXR\u2013SHP regulation in obesity aberrantly increases miR-802 expression, promoting insulin resistance and fatty liver","volume":"70","author":"Seok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.022","article-title":"The nuclear bile acid receptor FXR is a PKA- and FOXA2-sensitive activator of fasting hepatic gluconeogenesis","volume":"69","author":"Ploton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29857","article-title":"Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism","volume":"68","author":"Pathak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100131","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.016203","article-title":"Muscle-specific TGR5 overexpression improves glucose clearance in glucose-intolerant mice","volume":"296","author":"Sasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0315","article-title":"TGR5 activation promotes stimulus-secretion coupling of pancreatic \u03b2-cells via a PKA-dependent pathway","volume":"68","author":"Maczewsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6626","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.699504","article-title":"Activation of transmembrane bile acid receptor TGR5 modulates pancreatic islet \u03b1 cells to promote glucose homeostasis","volume":"291","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib43","first-page":"118","article-title":"Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity governs bacterial fitness and host colonization","author":"Foley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0628-3","article-title":"Taxonomic profiling and populational patterns of bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) genes based on worldwide human gut microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R088989","article-title":"Microbial impact on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism: current status and future prospects","volume":"60","author":"Kriaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2396-4","article-title":"A metabolic pathway for bile acid dehydroxylation by the gut microbiome","volume":"582","author":"Funabashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.11.002","article-title":"Role of bile acids in metabolic control","volume":"29","author":"Molinaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.005","article-title":"Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50116","article-title":"Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation, and endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats","volume":"37","author":"Lorenzo-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1732268","article-title":"The microbiome modulating activity of bile acids","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M075143","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of the bactericidal activities of free bile acids in the large intestine of humans and rodents","volume":"58","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1678996","article-title":"Bile salt metabolism is not the only factor contributing to Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile disease severity in the murine model of disease","volume":"11","author":"Jukes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.011","article-title":"Infection trains the host for microbiota-enhanced resistance to pathogens","volume":"184","author":"Stacy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0162-4","article-title":"Emerging roles of bile acids in mucosal immunity and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0510-8","article-title":"The gut microbiota drives the impact of bile acids and fat source in diet on mouse metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Just","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","article-title":"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.011","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation","volume":"17","author":"Bennett Brian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1474","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00584.2019","article-title":"Small molecule inhibition of gut microbial choline trimethylamine lyase activity alters host cholesterol and bile acid metabolism","volume":"318","author":"Pathak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900257","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates liver steatosis through modulation of bile acid metabolism and inhibition of farnesoid X receptor signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"63","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2020.07.010","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with NASH in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Le\u00f3n-Mimila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0939-6","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherosclerosis is associated with bile acid metabolism","volume":"17","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.11.019","article-title":"Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing probiotic, inhibits intestinal tumor development through modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota","volume":"469","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4983","article-title":"Hepatic inflammation caused by dysregulated bile acid synthesis is reversible by butyrate supplementation","volume":"243","author":"Sheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320438","article-title":"Mediterranean diet intervention in overweight and obese subjects lowers plasma cholesterol and causes changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome independently of energy intake","volume":"69","author":"Meslier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib66","first-page":"21","article-title":"Microbial medicine: prebiotic and probiotic functional foods to target obesity and metabolic syndrome","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56743-x","article-title":"The nuclear receptor FXR inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in response to microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids","volume":"10","author":"Ducastel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.055","article-title":"Bile acid control of metabolism and inflammation in obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"152","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Talavera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00404-2","article-title":"The role of farnesoid X receptor in metabolic diseases, and gastrointestinal and liver cancer","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.09.001","article-title":"Bile acid-activated receptors, intestinal microbiota, and the treatment of metabolic disorders","volume":"21","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab531","article-title":"Circulating bile acid profiles: a need for further examination","volume":"106","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21744-w","article-title":"Hyocholic acid species as novel biomarkers for metabolic disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314307","article-title":"Suppressed hepatic bile acid signalling despite elevated production of primary and secondary bile acids in NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26225","article-title":"Free fatty acids repress small heterodimer partner (SHP) activation and adiponectin counteracts bile acid-induced liver injury in superobese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Bechmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1148-y","article-title":"The intrahepatic expression levels of bile acid transporters are inversely correlated with the histological progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Okushin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310904","article-title":"Hepatocyte MyD88 affects bile acids, gut microbiota and metabolome contributing to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"66","author":"Duparc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17363-6","article-title":"An FGF15\/19-TFEB regulatory loop controls hepatic cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/86871","article-title":"Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha is an essential regulator of bile acid and plasma cholesterol metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Shih","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28928","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 promotes hepatic bile acid synthesis by an E prostanoid receptor 3-mediated hepatocyte nuclear receptor 4\u03b1\/cholesterol 7\u03b1-hydroxylase pathway in mice","volume":"65","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20919","article-title":"Glucagon and cAMP inhibit cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene expression in human hepatocytes: discordant regulation of bile acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis","volume":"43","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib81","first-page":"295","article-title":"B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator stimulation protects against atherosclerosis by regulating follicular B cells","volume":"116","author":"Douna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0308-7","article-title":"Shikonin attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced CD4+ T cell inflammatory activation and atherosclerosis in ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 mice by metabolic suppression","volume":"41","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.09.008","article-title":"Monocyte-macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Tabas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.020","article-title":"24-Nor-ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates inflammatory response and liver fibrosis in a murine model of hepatic schistosomiasis","volume":"62","author":"Sombetzki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90127-9","article-title":"Effects of bile acids and cholestasis on major histocompatibility complex class I in human and rat hepatocytes","volume":"107","author":"Hillaire","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1865-0","article-title":"Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut ROR\u03b3+ regulatory T cell homeostasis","volume":"577","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","article-title":"Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation","volume":"576","author":"Hang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2193-0","article-title":"Bacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells","volume":"581","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046789","article-title":"A unique population of regulatory T cells in heart potentiates cardiac protection from myocardial infarction","volume":"142","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1819155","article-title":"Gut microbial bile acid metabolite skews macrophage polarization and contributes to high-fat diet-induced colonic inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib91","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid regulates hepatic energy homeostasis and white adipose tissue macrophages polarization in leptin-deficiency obese mice","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2012.03554.x","article-title":"Bile acids induce monocyte differentiation toward interleukin-12 hypo-producing dendritic cells via a TGR5-dependent pathway","volume":"136","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.11.011","article-title":"The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity","volume":"12","author":"Stienstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.03.007","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome underlies cholestasis-associated sepsis","volume":"25","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.018","article-title":"Apaf-1 pyroptosome senses mitochondrial permeability transition","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00536","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation and aggravates DSS-induced colitis in mice","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481418","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2481418","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid-mediated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 signaling exacerbates DSS-induced colitis through promoting cathepsin B release","volume":"2018","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.008","article-title":"Bile acids control inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"45","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609060","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.609060","article-title":"TGR5 regulates macrophage inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.11.006","article-title":"TGR5 activation inhibits atherosclerosis by reducing macrophage inflammation and lipid loading","volume":"14","author":"Pols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.309017","article-title":"STING\u2013IRF3 triggers endothelial inflammation in response to free fatty acid-induced mitochondrial damage in diet-induced obesity","volume":"37","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz095","article-title":"Comparison of diets enriched in stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids on inflammation, immune response, cardiometabolic risk factors, and fecal bile acid concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women-randomized crossover trial","volume":"110","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13997","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13997","article-title":"Saturated palmitic acid induces myocardial inflammatory injuries through direct binding to TLR4 accessory protein MD2","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00536-1","article-title":"Ceramides and other sphingolipids as drivers of cardiovascular disease","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306427","article-title":"Adaptive response of T and B cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Ketelhuth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals","volume":"464","author":"Duewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv653","article-title":"Cholesterol crystal induced arterial inflammation and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"37","author":"Janoudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.013","article-title":"Western diet triggers NLRP3-dependent innate immune reprogramming","volume":"172","author":"Christ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26081","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 and palmitic acid cooperatively contribute to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through inflammasome activation in mice","volume":"57","author":"Miura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5424","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76289","article-title":"TGR5 reduces macrophage migration through mTOR-induced C\/EBP\u03b2 differential translation","volume":"124","author":"Perino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24525","article-title":"The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), negatively regulates hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing nuclear factor \u03ba light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) in mice","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16327","article-title":"TGR5\/cathepsin E signaling regulates macrophage innate immune activation in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700183","article-title":"The bile acid receptor GPBAR1 regulates the M1\/M2 phenotype of intestinal macrophages and activation of GPBAR1 rescues mice from murine colitis","volume":"199","author":"Biagioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.017","article-title":"Hyocholic acid species improve glucose homeostasis through a distinct TGR5 and FXR signaling mechanism","volume":"33","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201489527","article-title":"A dysregulated acetyl\/SUMO switch of FXR promotes hepatic inflammation in obesity","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30937","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor activation in liver macrophages ameliorates hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and insulin resistance in mice","volume":"71","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.501","article-title":"Vitamin D controls murine and human plasmacytoid dendritic cell function","volume":"134","author":"Karthaus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24986","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001966117","article-title":"Vitamin D3 receptor polymorphisms regulate T cells and T cell-dependent inflammatory diseases","volume":"117","author":"Fernandez Lahore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176715","article-title":"Lithocholic acid controls adaptive immune responses by inhibition of Th1 activation through the vitamin D receptor","volume":"12","author":"Pols","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.08.024","article-title":"The protective effect of lithocholic acid on the intestinal epithelial barrier is mediated by the vitamin D receptor via a SIRT1\/Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB dependent mechanism in Caco-2 cells","volume":"316","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.02.004","article-title":"Ablation of gut microbiota alleviates obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance by modulating bile acid metabolism in hamsters","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib122","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exerts anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting RAGE signaling in diabetic atherosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53999-1","article-title":"Bile acid bio-nanoencapsulation improved drug targeted-delivery and pharmacological effects via cellular flux: 6-months diabetes preclinical study","volume":"10","author":"Mooranian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107539","article-title":"Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, drug target for bile acid related diseases and delivery target for prodrugs: current and future challenges","volume":"212","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.60","article-title":"Beyond intestinal soap\u2014bile\u00a0acids in metabolic control","volume":"10","author":"Kuipers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz253","article-title":"Colesevelam enhances the beneficial effects of brown fat activation on hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis development","volume":"116","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340270029025","article-title":"The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease","volume":"251","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90863-X","article-title":"Effects on coronary artery disease of lipid-lowering diet, or diet plus cholestyramine, in the St Thomas' Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS)","volume":"339","author":"Watts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.923","article-title":"Angiographic progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with non-statin therapy: impact of a fat-modified diet and a resin","volume":"252","author":"Watts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037961","article-title":"Rationale and design of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, investigator-initiated phase 2a study to investigate the efficacy and safety of elobixibat in combination with cholestyramine for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Kessoku","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.01.011","article-title":"Bile acid sequestrants for glycemic control in patients\u00a0with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabet Complicat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2015.0094","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exerts anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by disturbed flow","volume":"38","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.07.047","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid impairs atherogenesis and promotes plaque regression by cholesterol crystal dissolution in mice","volume":"478","author":"Bode","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.880","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with chronic heart failure: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"59","author":"von Haehling","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.034","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts farnesoid X receptor-antagonistic effects on bile acid and lipid metabolism in morbid obesity","volume":"62","author":"Mueller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.10.014","article-title":"DCA\u2013TGR5 signaling activation alleviates inflammatory response and improves cardiac function in myocardial infarction","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-223008","article-title":"Hyodeoxycholic acid improves HDL function and inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDLR-knockout mice","volume":"27","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist","volume":"17","author":"Sayin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0222-4","article-title":"Gut microbiota and intestinal FXR mediate the clinical benefits of metformin","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210198","article-title":"Glycoursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates diet-induced metabolic disorders with inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"135","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115169","article-title":"A novel bile acid analog, A17, ameliorated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed hamsters","volume":"404","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2006.09.018","article-title":"Effects of FXR in foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis development","volume":"1761","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI142865","article-title":"Suppressing the intestinal farnesoid X receptor\/sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 axis decreases atherosclerosis","volume":"131","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6372786","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6372786","article-title":"Activation of TGR5 partially alleviates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury by inhibition of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress","volume":"2019","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.05.120","article-title":"INT-777, a bile acid receptor agonist, extenuates pancreatic acinar cells necrosis in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis","volume":"503","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11761","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.446575","article-title":"Bile acid receptor activation modulates hepatic monocyte activity and improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"288","author":"McMahan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S170518","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor agonist INT-767 attenuates liver steatosis and inflammation in rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M087239","article-title":"Simultaneous inhibition of FXR and TGR5 exacerbates atherosclerotic formation","volume":"59","author":"Miyazaki-Anzai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801373RR","article-title":"Agonism for the bile acid receptor GPBAR1 reverses liver and vascular damage in a mouse model of steatohepatitis","volume":"33","author":"Carino","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13102-y","article-title":"Gpbar1 agonism promotes a Pgc-1\u03b1-dependent browning of white adipose tissue and energy expenditure and reverses diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"7","author":"Carino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051132","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of dual FXR and GPBAR1 agonism in aodent model of NASH reveals modulation of lipid droplets formation","volume":"11","author":"Carino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G412","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00300.2018","article-title":"Intestinal TGR5 agonism improves hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity in Western diet-fed mice","volume":"316","author":"Finn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10343","DOI":"10.1021\/jm501052c","article-title":"G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, TGR5) agonists reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and stabilize the alternative macrophage phenotype","volume":"57","author":"H\u00f6genauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3760","article-title":"Intestinal FXR agonism promotes adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"21","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.083","article-title":"Obeticholic acid protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury and inflammation","volume":"96","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7","article-title":"Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61933-4","article-title":"Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14209","article-title":"CONTROL: a randomized phase 2 study of obeticholic acid and atorvastatin on lipoproteins in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients","volume":"39","author":"Pockros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14492","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic effects associated with weight changes and obeticholic acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"47","author":"Hameed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31121","article-title":"Multicenter validation of association between decline in MRI-PDFF and histologic response in NASH","volume":"72","author":"Loomba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509840","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of obeticholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"375","author":"Nevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.05.042","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"145","author":"Mudaliar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12681","article-title":"Effects of obeticholic acid on lipoprotein metabolism in healthy volunteers","volume":"18","author":"Pencek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.006","article-title":"Impact of obeticholic acid on the lipoprotein profile in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"72","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.011","article-title":"Obeticholic acid may increase the risk of gallstone formation in susceptible patients","volume":"71","author":"Al-Dury","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.09.004","article-title":"Precise delivery of obeticholic acid via nanoapproach for triggering natural killer T cell-mediated liver cancer immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)31427-2","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of EDP-305, in healthy and presumptive NAFLD subjects","volume":"68","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.105889","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase 2b study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a combination of tropifexor and cenicriviroc in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis: study design of the TANDEM trial","volume":"88","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9960","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00907","article-title":"Discovery of tropifexor (LJN452), a highly potent non-bile acid FXR agonist for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)","volume":"60","author":"Tully","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2020.1763302","article-title":"Bile acid modulators for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)","volume":"29","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expet Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31205","article-title":"Cilofexor, a nonsteroidal FXR agonist, in patients with noncirrhotic NASH: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31622","article-title":"Combination therapies including cilofexor and firsocostat for bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis attributable to NASH","volume":"73","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.047","article-title":"A structurally optimized FXR agonist, MET409, reduced liver fat content over 12 weeks in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"75","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.196519","article-title":"Synthetic farnesoid X receptor agonists induce high-density lipoprotein-mediated transhepatic cholesterol efflux in mice and monkeys and prevent atherosclerosis in cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgenic low-density lipoprotein receptor (\u2013\/\u2013) mice","volume":"343","author":"Hambruch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.06.038","article-title":"An FXR agonist reduces bile acid synthesis independently of increases in FGF19 in healthy volunteers","volume":"155","author":"Al-Khaifi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.03.038","article-title":"Notoginsenoside Ft1 acts as a TGR5 agonist but FXR antagonist to alleviate high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00232-2","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, hyperlipidaemia, and atherosclerosis","volume":"95","author":"Vosper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0884-3","article-title":"New\u00a0dual peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonist-Saroglitazar in diabetic dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: integrated analysis of the real world evidence","volume":"18","author":"Kaul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081763","article-title":"The management of cholestatic liver diseases: current therapies and emerging new possibilities","volume":"10","author":"Mazzetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23721","article-title":"Transgenic expression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0195-3","article-title":"A novel ASBT inhibitor, IMB17-15, repressed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development in high-fat diet-fed Syrian golden hamsters","volume":"40","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12946","article-title":"Evidence connecting old, new and neglected glucose-lowering drugs to bile acid-induced GLP-1 secretion: a review","volume":"19","author":"K\u00e5rhus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30425-2","article-title":"FGF-19 agonism for NASH: a short study of a long disease","volume":"391","author":"Charlton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383521004834?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383521004834?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T16:54:55Z","timestamp":1761929695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211383521004834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":183,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211383521004834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bile acid coordinates microbiota homeostasis and systemic immunometabolism in cardiometabolic diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}