{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:22:17Z","timestamp":1792092137209,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Ocean Development","award":["23YYZP022QCB33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YYZP022QCB33"]}]},{"name":"Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Ocean Development","award":["16PYY007SF17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16PYY007SF17"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0112900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0112900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82302954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2918001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2918001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81672749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81672749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024J08346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J08346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008865","name":"Xiamen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007911","name":"University of California, San Diego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010166","name":"Xiamen City Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3502Z20231022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20231022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010166","name":"Xiamen City Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3502Z20193004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20193004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010166","name":"Xiamen City Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3502Z20150007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20150007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010166","name":"Xiamen City Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023CXY0107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CXY0107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M732956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M732956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T12:10:17Z","timestamp":1748261417000},"page":"3611-3631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["RXR\u03b1 modulates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by targeting CaMKK\u03b2\u2013AMPK\u03b1 axis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meimei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangzhou","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xindao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulimiran","family":"Alitongbieke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohuan","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tenghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luoyan","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0322-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Quan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5031","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01701","article-title":"The race to bash NASH: emerging targets and drug development in a complex liver disease","volume":"63","author":"Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.012","article-title":"Nuclear receptors, RXR, and the Big Bang","volume":"157","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052668","article-title":"Nuclear receptors linking metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Puengel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103209","article-title":"Nuclear receptors as therapeutic targets in liver disease: are we there yet?.","volume":"56","author":"Rudraiah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2016.03.002","article-title":"Nuclear receptors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1859","author":"Cave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.05.011","article-title":"Targeting nuclear receptors for the treatment of fatty liver disease","volume":"179","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2020.03.001","article-title":"Nuclear receptors and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an update","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib9","first-page":"729","article-title":"Resmetirom: first approval","volume":"84","author":"Keam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib10","first-page":"1913","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrosis development in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"158","author":"Schwabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology (New York, N Y, 1943)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2008.11.001","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cell lipid droplets: a specialized lipid droplet for retinoid storage","volume":"1791","author":"Blaner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7090137","article-title":"Retinoids issued from hepatic stellate cell lipid droplet loss as potential signaling molecules orchestrating a multicellular liver injury response","volume":"7","author":"Bobowski-Gerard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.06.023","article-title":"Hepatic metabolism of retinoids and disease associations","volume":"1821","author":"Shirakami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb7020010","article-title":"Retinoids in stellate cells: development, repair, and regeneration","volume":"7","author":"Carmona","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dev Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.07007.x","article-title":"Retinoic acids and hepatic stellate cells in liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.08.002","article-title":"Emerging roles for retinoids in regeneration and differentiation in normal and disease states","volume":"1821","author":"Gudas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2212","article-title":"Retinoic acid in the development, regeneration and maintenance of the nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Maden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.04.003","article-title":"Retinoic acid signaling and mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation: cross talk between genomic and non-genomic effects of RA","volume":"1851","author":"Rochette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00458.2014","article-title":"Retinoic acid affects calcium signaling in adult molluscan neurons","volume":"113","author":"Vesprini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2397","article-title":"RAR and RXR modulation in cancer and metabolic disease","volume":"6","author":"Altucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2014.109","article-title":"Regulation of the nongenomic actions of retinoid X receptor-\u03b1 by targeting the coregulator-binding sites","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166085","article-title":"The role of the retinoid receptor, RAR\/RXR heterodimer, in liver physiology","volume":"1867","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20015","article-title":"Differential modulation of rat hepatic stellate phenotype by natural and synthetic retinoids","volume":"39","author":"Hellemans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltim, Md)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2005.08.007","article-title":"Rat hepatic stellate cells become retinoid unresponsive during activation","volume":"33","author":"Milliano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.1.134","article-title":"All-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid alter rat hepatic stellate cell phenotype differentially","volume":"45","author":"Hellemans","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076541","article-title":"Amplified inhibition of stellate cell activation pathways by PPAR-\u03b3, RAR and RXR agonists","volume":"8","author":"Sharvit","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9100525","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid attenuates fibrotic processes by downregulating TGF-\u03b21\/Smad3 in early diabetic nephropathy","volume":"9","author":"Sierra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/358587a0","article-title":"Homodimer formation of retinoid X receptor induced by 9-cis retinoic acid","volume":"358","author":"Zhang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/355446a0","article-title":"Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signalling","volume":"355","author":"Kliewer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/355441a0","article-title":"Retinoid X receptor is an auxiliary protein for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors","volume":"355","author":"Zhang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib31","article-title":"Modulation of nongenomic activation of PI3K signalling by tetramerization of N-terminally-cleaved RXR\u03b1","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2010.04.023","article-title":"NSAID sulindac and its analog bind RXR\u03b1 and inhibit RXR\u03b1-dependent AKT signaling","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2014.02.017","article-title":"Sulindac-derived RXR\u03b1 modulators inhibit cancer cell growth by binding to a novel site","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09375-8","article-title":"Oncogenic potential of truncated RXR\u03b1 during colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis by promoting IL-6\u2013STAT3 signaling","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1033","article-title":"Allosteric modulators of steroid hormone receptors: structural dynamics and gene regulation","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92949","article-title":"Maturing of the nuclear receptor family","volume":"127","author":"Lazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1334","article-title":"Minireview: dynamic structures of nuclear hormone receptors: new promises and challenges","volume":"28","author":"Simons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2010.06.169","article-title":"Intrinsically disordered proteins are potential drug targets","volume":"14","author":"Metallo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11836-4_18","article-title":"Drugging the undruggable: targeting the N-terminal domain of nuclear hormone receptors","volume":"1390","author":"Sadar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.12.003","article-title":"Biomolecular condensates and cancer","volume":"39","author":"Boija","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4382","article-title":"Liquid phase condensation in cell physiology and disease","volume":"357","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26295-8","article-title":"Phase separation of Nur77 mediates celastrol-induced mitophagy by promoting the liquidity of p62\/SQSTM1 condensates","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.032","article-title":"AMPK: mechanisms of cellular energy sensing and restoration of metabolic balance","volume":"66","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.95","article-title":"AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Herzig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0019-2","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development","volume":"18","author":"Steinberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.07.001","article-title":"AMPK orchestrates an elaborate cascade protecting tissue from fibrosis and aging","volume":"38","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12279","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.011356","article-title":"From overnutrition to liver injury: AMP-activated protein kinase in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"295","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0308-4","article-title":"Predictive and preventive significance of AMPK activation on hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21995","article-title":"Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase modulates the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"47","author":"Caligiuri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltim, Md)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib50","article-title":"Identification of lineage-specific transcription factors that prevent activation of hepatic stellate cells and promote fibrosis resolution","volume":"158","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology (New York, N Y, 1943)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90479-V","article-title":"9-cis Retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor","volume":"68","author":"Heyman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8432","DOI":"10.1021\/jm4008517","volume":"56","author":"Jurutka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2019_227","article-title":"Obeticholic acid: an update of its pharmacological activities in liver disorders","volume":"256","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib54","first-page":"121","article-title":"Malotilate: the new hope for a clinically effective agent for the treatment of liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Ryle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.11.012","article-title":"Centrosomal localization of RXR\u03b1 promotes PLK1 activation and mitotic progression and constitutes a tumor vulnerability","volume":"55","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.38","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"14","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215571192","article-title":"The carbon tetrachloride model in mice","volume":"49","author":"Scholten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G483","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00079.2013","article-title":"Diet-induced mouse model of fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reflecting clinical disease progression and methods of assessment","volume":"305","author":"Clapper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-011-1246-y","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 in progression of liver disease","volume":"347","author":"Dooley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00316-9","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in fibrotic diseases","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112456","article-title":"Simultaneous induction of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during activation of hepatic stellate cells reveals novel mitochondrial targets to treat liver fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.11.006","article-title":"Mitochondrial adaptation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: novel mechanisms and treatment strategies","volume":"28","author":"Sunny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.01.004","article-title":"Mitophagy and quality control mechanisms in mitochondrial maintenance","volume":"28","author":"Pickles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17896","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.17896","article-title":"Elimination of paternal mitochondria in mouse embryos occurs through autophagic degradation dependent on PARKIN and MUL1","volume":"5","author":"Rojansky","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9705","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.22.9705-9725.2004","article-title":"Retinoid X receptor regulates Nur77\/TR3-dependent apoptosis [corrected] by modulating its nuclear export and mitochondrial targeting","volume":"24","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.06.001","article-title":"The Ca2+\/calmodulin\/CaMKK2 axis: nature's metabolic CaMshaft","volume":"27","author":"Marcelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2018.02.004","article-title":"Protein phase separation: a new phase in cell biology","volume":"28","author":"Boeynaems","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2019.10.006","article-title":"Mechanisms for active regulation of biomolecular condensates","volume":"30","author":"Soding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00444-7","article-title":"Liquid\u2013liquid phase separation drives cellular function and dysfunction in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22824","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits TGF-\u03b2-induced fibrogenic responses of hepatic stellate cells by targeting transcriptional coactivator p300","volume":"227","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.09.026","article-title":"AMPK maintains cellular metabolic homeostasis through regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species","volume":"21","author":"Rabinovitch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab4138","article-title":"Metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates mitochondrial fission in response to energy stress","volume":"351","author":"Toyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13501","article-title":"Elevated mitochondrial activity distinguishes fibrogenic hepatic stellate cells and sensitizes for selective inhibition by mitotropic doxorubicin","volume":"22","author":"Gajendiran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-68","article-title":"Mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"12","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040837","article-title":"Role and mechanisms of mitophagy in liver diseases","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12319","article-title":"Melatonin enhances mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis","volume":"60","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.81","article-title":"The pathways of mitophagy for quality control and clearance of mitochondria","volume":"20","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07006","article-title":"Essential role for Nix in autophagic maturation of erythroid cells","volume":"454","author":"Sandoval","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708818104","article-title":"NIX is required for programmed mitochondrial clearance during reticulocyte maturation","volume":"104","author":"Schweers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32386","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802403200","article-title":"Mitophagy in yeast occurs through a selective mechanism","volume":"283","author":"Kanki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0199-6","article-title":"The role of the apoptosis-related protein BCL-B in the regulation of mitophagy in hepatic stellate cells during the regression of liver fibrosis","volume":"51","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.016193","article-title":"IQGAP1 binds AMPK and is required for maximum AMPK activation","volume":"296","author":"Hedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801225R","article-title":"STIM2 interacts with AMPK and regulates calcium-induced AMPK activation","volume":"33","author":"Chauhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib84","first-page":"1953","article-title":"Synergism between ER\u03b1 transactivation function 1 (AF-1) and AF-2 mediated by steroid receptor coactivator protein-1: requirement for the AF-1 \u03b1-helical core and for a direct interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains","volume":"15","author":"Metivier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/24634","article-title":"Interdomain communication regulating ligand binding by PPAR-\u03b3","volume":"396","author":"Shao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37219","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.52.37219","article-title":"Activation function 2 in the human androgen receptor ligand binding domain mediates interdomain communication with the NH2-terminal domain","volume":"274","author":"He","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01113-4","article-title":"Phase separation propensity of the intrinsically disordered AB region of human RXR\u03b2","volume":"21","author":"Soltys","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105571","article-title":"Ordered structure-forming properties of the intrinsically disordered AB region of hRXR\u03b3 and its ability to promote liquid\u2013liquid phase separation","volume":"198","author":"Soltys","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9030095","article-title":"Role of phosphorylation in the modulation of the glucocorticoid receptor's intrinsically disordered domain","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.03.025","article-title":"Translational regulatory mechanisms generate N-terminal glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with unique transcriptional target genes","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(02)00115-8","article-title":"Nuclear receptors: integration of multiple signalling pathways through phosphorylation","volume":"15","author":"Rochette-Egly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-00903-1","article-title":"Cell cycle-specific phase separation regulated by protein charge blockiness","volume":"24","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383525003284?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383525003284?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:56:43Z","timestamp":1778846203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211383525003284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211383525003284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"RXR\u03b1 modulates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by targeting CaMKK\u03b2\u2013AMPK\u03b1 axis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}