{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:58:22Z","timestamp":1789754302295,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2024QNA02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2024QNA02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017633","name":"Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SACA-CY23C07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SACA-CY23C07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82403192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82403192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:27:10Z","timestamp":1777595230000},"page":"4285-4313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro transcribed circRNA as a therapeutic agent for cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunkai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenguo","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.010","article-title":"Recent advances in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy","volume":"173","author":"Dutta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111875","article-title":"Recent advances in regenerative medicine strategies for cancer treatment","volume":"141","author":"Mansouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31665-3","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a mRNA rabies vaccine in healthy adults: an open-label, non-randomised, prospective, first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"390","author":"Alberer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.081","article-title":"Systemic messenger RNA therapy as a treatment for methylmalonic acidemia","volume":"21","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.01.001","article-title":"RNA-targeted therapeutics","volume":"29","author":"Crooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00078-0","article-title":"RNA therapeutics on the rise","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05075-2","article-title":"RNA-based therapeutics: an overview and prospectus","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.1.280","article-title":"Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and cell transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide","volume":"75","author":"Zamecnik","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716153","article-title":"Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic, for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis","volume":"379","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib11","first-page":"14","article-title":"Fomivirsen approved for CMV retinitis","volume":"4","author":"Roehr","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Phys AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16172940","article-title":"Therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides in oncology: from bench to bedside","volume":"16","author":"\u00c7akan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26051422","article-title":"In vivo production of RNA aptamers and nanoparticles: problems and prospects","volume":"26","author":"Shanaa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00757-5","article-title":"RNA therapy: rich history, various applications and unlimited future prospects","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-022-2171-2","article-title":"RNA therapeutics: updates and future potential","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2015","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in development and disease: background, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"96","author":"Beermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine","volume":"384","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.12.032","article-title":"Materials for non-viral intracellular delivery of messenger RNA therapeutics","volume":"240","author":"Kauffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2021.1908003","article-title":"Genotoxicity evaluation of self-assembled-micelle inhibitory RNA-targeting amphiregulin (SAMiRNA-AREG), a novel siRNA nanoparticle for the treatment of fibrotic disease","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.20206","article-title":"RNA mediated toll-like receptor stimulation in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Dalpke","year":"2012","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100836","article-title":"Past, present, and future of circRNAs","volume":"38","author":"Patop","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02018-y","article-title":"CircAtlas: an integrated resource of one million highly accurate circular RNAs from 1070 vertebrate transcriptomes","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.03.027","article-title":"Circular RNAs in the mammalian brain are highly abundant, conserved, and dynamically expressed","volume":"58","author":"Rybak-Wolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/f782282b-eefa-4c8d-985c-b1484e845855","article-title":"Cell-type specific features of circular RNA expression","volume":"9","author":"Salzman","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.03.012","article-title":"Advanced approaches of the use of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy","volume":"9","author":"Hama Faraj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01606-9","article-title":"Circular RNA EIF4G3 suppresses gastric cancer progression through inhibition of \u03b2-catenin by promoting \u03b4-catenin ubiquitin degradation and upregulating SIK1","volume":"21","author":"Zang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.02.021","article-title":"Translation of circRNAs","volume":"66","author":"Pamudurti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00585-y","article-title":"The emerging roles of circRNAs in cancer and oncology","volume":"19","author":"Kristensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.048272.114","article-title":"Efficient backsplicing produces translatable circular mRNAs","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109439","article-title":"Mammalian circular RNAs result largely from splicing errors","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1367","article-title":"Circular RNAs are long-lived and display only minimal early alterations in response to a growth factor","volume":"44","author":"Enuka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02793-7","article-title":"Exosomal circular RNA: a signature for lung cancer progression","volume":"22","author":"Hussen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.02.015","article-title":"RNA circularization diminishes immunogenicity and can extend translation duration in vivo","volume":"74","author":"Wesselhoeft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.001","article-title":"Complementary sequence-mediated exon circularization","volume":"159","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2959","article-title":"Exon-intron circular RNAs regulate transcription in the nucleus","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.035667.112","article-title":"Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats","volume":"19","author":"Jeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/313552a0","article-title":"Characterization of the branch site in lariat RNAs produced by splicing of mRNA precursors","volume":"313","author":"Konarska","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2890","article-title":"Detecting and characterizing circular RNAs","volume":"32","author":"Jeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309568","article-title":"RBM20 regulates circular RNA production from the titin gene","volume":"119","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae693","article-title":"Invention of circRNA promoting RNA to specifically promote circRNA production","volume":"52","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01487-2","article-title":"Best practice standards for circular RNA research","volume":"19","author":"Nielsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.021","article-title":"The landscape of circular RNA in cancer","volume":"176","author":"Vo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.361","article-title":"Circular RNAs in cancer: opportunities and challenges in the field","volume":"37","author":"Kristensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092464","article-title":"Circular RNAs: a new piece in the colorectal cancer puzzle","volume":"12","author":"Artemaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993","article-title":"Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges","volume":"495","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5609","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1568","article-title":"Circular RNA and miR-7 in cancer","volume":"73","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928","article-title":"Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency","volume":"495","author":"Memczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26201","article-title":"Overexpression of circular RNA ciRS-7 abrogates the tumor suppressive effect of miR-7 on gastric cancer via PTEN\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"119","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13251","article-title":"Circular RNA: the main regulator of energy metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.359","article-title":"miRNA-dependent gene silencing involving Ago2-mediated cleavage of a circular antisense RNA","volume":"30","author":"Hansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01184-8","article-title":"CircLONP2 enhances colorectal carcinoma invasion and metastasis through modulating the maturation and exosomal dissemination of microRNA-17","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12326","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1085","article-title":"Design and application of circular RNAs with protein-sponge function","volume":"48","author":"Schreiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw027","article-title":"Foxo3 circular RNA retards cell cycle progression via forming ternary complexes with p21 and CDK2","volume":"44","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.133","article-title":"Induction of tumor apoptosis through a circular RNA enhancing Foxo3 activity","volume":"24","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111079","article-title":"Circ-FOXO3 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis via regulating WHSC1\u2013H3K36me2\u2013Zeb2 axis","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01971-7","article-title":"CircHAS2 activates CCNE2 to promote cell proliferation and sensitizes the response of colorectal cancer to anlotinib","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01345-w","article-title":"CircRNA-CREIT inhibits stress granule assembly and overcomes doxorubicin resistance in TNBC by destabilizing PKR","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01599-5","article-title":"CircSTX6 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression by sponging miR-449b-5p and interacting with CUL2","volume":"21","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.02.017","article-title":"Circ-ZNF609 is a circular RNA that can be translated and functions in myogenesis","volume":"66","author":"Legnini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.07.042","article-title":"Structured elements drive extensive circular RNA translation","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01220-3","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of circular RNA translation","volume":"56","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25082-9","article-title":"Nuclear export and translation of circular repeat-containing intronic RNA in C9ORF72-ALS\/FTD","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.31","article-title":"Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N(6)-methyladenosine","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1451","article-title":"N(6)-methyladenosine-modified circSTX6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the HNRNPD\/ATF3 axis and encoding a 144 amino acid polypeptide","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00417","article-title":"The discovery of rolling circle amplification and rolling circle transcription","volume":"49","author":"Mohsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16435","article-title":"Rolling circle translation of circular RNA in living human cells","volume":"5","author":"Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.030","article-title":"Regulation of HIV-1 Gag-Pol expression by shiftless, an inhibitor of programmed-1 ribosomal frameshifting","volume":"176","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01719-9","article-title":"A novel polypeptide encoded by the circular RNA ZKSCAN1 suppresses HCC via degradation of mTOR","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06834-7","article-title":"Tumour circular RNAs elicit anti-tumour immunity by encoding cryptic peptides","volume":"625","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.70023","article-title":"Natural antioxidants as regulators of circular RNA expression and function","volume":"16","author":"Fathima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.07.040","article-title":"Targeting the radiation-induced TR4 nuclear receptor-mediated QKI\/circZEB1\/miR-141-3p\/ZEB1 signaling increases prostate cancer radiosensitivity","volume":"495","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.2586","article-title":"Phase 1 dose escalation and cohort expansion study evaluating safety, PK, PD and clinical activity of STC-15, a METTL-3 inhibitor, in patients with advanced malignancies","volume":"42","author":"Moser","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.06.034","article-title":"The biogenesis, functions, and challenges of circular RNAs","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7562-4_14","article-title":"Synthesis and engineering of circular RNAs","volume":"1724","author":"Petkovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2021.02.020","article-title":"The design and synthesis of circular RNAs","volume":"196","author":"Obi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.787881","article-title":"Circular RNA: biosynthesis in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7122","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00928","article-title":"A Hitchhiker's guide to click-chemistry with nucleic acids","volume":"121","author":"Fantoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib78","first-page":"11","article-title":"Joining RNA molecules with T4 DNA ligase","volume":"118","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib79","article-title":"Pros and cons of in vitro methods for circular RNA preparation","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15529","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR01770F","article-title":"Efficient circular RNA synthesis through Gap-DNA splint-mediated ligation","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NH00236A","article-title":"Circular RNA oligonucleotides: enzymatic synthesis and scaffolding for nanoconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20060313","article-title":"Direct comparison of nick-joining activity of the nucleic acid ligases from bacteriophage T4","volume":"398","author":"Bullard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv045","article-title":"RNA circularization strategies in vivo and in vitro","volume":"43","author":"Petkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2018.09.010","article-title":"Synthetic circular RNA functions as a miR-21 sponge to suppress gastric carcinoma cell proliferation","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31337","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402394200","article-title":"RNA substrate specificity and structure-guided mutational analysis of bacteriophage T4 RNA ligase 2","volume":"279","author":"Nandakumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8620","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA01513B","article-title":"RNA ligation of very small pseudo nick structures by T4 RNA ligase 2, leading to efficient production of versatile RNA rings","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa181","article-title":"Preferential production of RNA rings by T4 RNA ligase 2 without any splint through rational design of precursor strand","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.11.019","article-title":"RNA circles with minimized immunogenicity as potent PKR inhibitors","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5357","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.20.5357","article-title":"Group I permuted intron-exon (PIE) sequences self-splice to produce circular exons","volume":"20","author":"Puttaraju","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05096-6","article-title":"Engineering circular RNA for potent and stable translation in eukaryotic cells","volume":"9","author":"Wesselhoeft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10400","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae711","article-title":"Efficient circularization of protein-encoding RNAs via a novel cis-splicing system","volume":"52","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62607-y","article-title":"Self-splicing RNA circularization facilitated by intact group I and II introns","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1256","article-title":"Characterizing and circumventing sequence restrictions for synthesis of circular RNA in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Rausch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2023.07.034","article-title":"Efficient circular RNA engineering by end-to-end self-targeting and splicing reaction using Tetrahymena group I intron ribozyme","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.5085","article-title":"Use of an engineered ribozyme to produce a circular human exon","volume":"25","author":"Mikheeva","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01561-x","article-title":"Circular RNA vaccine in disease prevention and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153803","article-title":"Crystal structure of a self-spliced group II intron","volume":"320","author":"Toor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3109\/10409231003796523","article-title":"The tertiary structure of group II introns: implications for biological function and evolution","volume":"45","author":"Pyle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.18.8624","article-title":"Inverse splicing of a group II intron","volume":"90","author":"Jarrell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00300-8","article-title":"Excision of group II introns as circles","volume":"8","author":"Murray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02512-4","article-title":"Scarless circular mRNA-based CAR-T cell therapy elicits superior antitumor efficacy","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6197756","article-title":"A replication cycle for viroids and other small infectious RNA's","volume":"223","author":"Branch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1287940","article-title":"Innate immune responses to RNA: sensing and signaling","volume":"15","author":"Luan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114826","article-title":"Clinical delivery of circular RNA: lessons learned from RNA drug development","volume":"197","author":"Loan Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29769","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606744200","article-title":"Substrate recognition and catalysis by the exoribonuclease RNase R","volume":"281","author":"Vincent","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.01.068","article-title":"Insights into how RNase R degrades structured RNA: analysis of the nuclease domain","volume":"387","author":"Vincent","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W486","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt486","article-title":"RNAtips: analysis of temperature-induced changes of RNA secondary structure","volume":"41","author":"Chursov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib108","article-title":"Mitigating cellular dysfunction through contaminant reduction in synthetic circRNA for high-efficiency mRNA-based cell reprogramming","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.132809","article-title":"Purifying circular RNA by ultrafiltration","volume":"366","author":"Guillen-Cuevas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.016","article-title":"N6-methyladenosine modification controls circular RNA immunity","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.009","article-title":"Cisplatin-based miRNA delivery strategy inspired by the circCPNE1\/miR-330-3p pathway for oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190286","article-title":"Hsa_circ_0009361 acts as the sponge of miR-582 to suppress colorectal cancer progression by regulating APC2 expression","volume":"133","author":"Geng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-3836","article-title":"A tumor-suppressive molecular axis EP300\/circRERE\/miR-6837-3p\/MAVS activates type I IFN pathway and antitumor immunity to suppress colorectal cancer","volume":"29","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib114","article-title":"CircUGP2 suppresses intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via p53 signaling through interacting with PURB to regulate ADGRB1 transcription and sponging miR-3191-5p","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.90620","article-title":"Exosome-mediated delivery of artificial circular RNAs for gene therapy of bladder cancer","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2023.09.015","article-title":"Highly efficient cellular expression of circular mRNA enables prolonged protein expression","volume":"31","author":"Unti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217120","article-title":"Therapeutic SHPRH-146aa encoded by circ-SHPRH dynamically upregulates P21 to inhibit CDKs in neuroblastoma","volume":"598","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib118","first-page":"71","article-title":"Formulation and delivery technologies for mRNA vaccines","volume":"440","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.11.001","article-title":"The storage and in-use stability of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics: not a cold case","volume":"112","author":"Oude Blenke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-024-02393-y","article-title":"Chemical and topological design of multicapped mRNA and capped circular RNA to augment translation","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51044-y","article-title":"A cis-acting ligase ribozyme generates circular RNA in vitro for ectopic protein functioning","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib122","article-title":"Synergically enhanced anti-tumor immunity of in vivo panCAR by circRNA vaccine boosting","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3593","article-title":"Pan-tumor genomic biomarkers for PD-1 checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy","volume":"362","author":"Cristescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.667","article-title":"Circular RNA-based neoantigen vaccine for hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib125","article-title":"Programmable aptamer-embedded circular RNAs for targeted antigen-presenting cells immunotherapy","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2022.09.010","article-title":"Intratumoral delivered novel circular mRNA encoding cytokines for immune modulation and cancer therapy","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib127","article-title":"Enhanced antitumor efficacy of STING agonist MSA-2 by lipid nanoparticles delivering circular IL-23 mRNA and platinum-modified MSA-2 combination","volume":"30","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.2c00381","article-title":"Circular guide RNA for improved stability and CRISPR-Cas9 editing efficiency in vitro and in bacteria","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Synth Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-023-02992-z","article-title":"Engineered circular guide RNAs boost CRISPR\/Cas12a- and CRISPR\/Cas13d-based DNA and RNA editing","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02095-x","article-title":"Prime editing using CRISPR-Cas12a and circular RNAs in human cells","volume":"42","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8010041","article-title":"RNA editing, ADAR1, and the innate immune response","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060208-105251","article-title":"Functions and regulation of RNA editing by ADAR deaminases","volume":"79","author":"Nishikura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01171-4","article-title":"Efficient in vitro and in vivo RNA editing via recruitment of endogenous ADARs using circular guide RNAs","volume":"40","author":"Katrekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18512","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c17920","article-title":"RNA editing-mediated correction of TP53 nonsense mutations via lipid nanoparticle-delivered circular ADAR-recruiting RNAs","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10715","article-title":"The mRNA-edited form of GABRA3 suppresses GABRA3-mediated Akt activation and breast cancer metastasis","volume":"7","author":"Gumireddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38581-8","article-title":"ADAR1-mediated RNA editing of SCD1 drives drug resistance and self-renewal in gastric cancer","volume":"14","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0370","article-title":"Unlocking the therapeutic applicability of LNP-mRNA: chemistry, formulation, and clinical strategies","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.03.003","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticle-mediated delivery of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines","volume":"27","author":"Swingle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.02.001","article-title":"Nanoscale delivery platforms for RNA therapeutics: challenges and the current state of the art","volume":"3","author":"Rhym","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomedchemau.2c00073","article-title":"Bioinspired lipid nanocarriers for RNA delivery","volume":"3","author":"Golubovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Bio Med Chem Au"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.11.017","article-title":"A preparation method for mRNA-LNPs with improved properties","volume":"364","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51056-8","article-title":"Optimized inhaled LNP formulation for enhanced treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via mRNA-mediated antibody therapy","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2012.28","article-title":"Microfluidic synthesis of highly potent limit-size lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery of siRNA","volume":"1","author":"Belliveau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202470228","article-title":"Tumor-tailored ionizable lipid nanoparticles facilitate IL-12 circular RNA delivery for enhanced lung cancer immunotherapy","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib145","first-page":"86","article-title":"Engineering LNPs with polysarcosine lipids for mRNA delivery","volume":"37","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.02.001","article-title":"Lyophilization provides long-term stability for a lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine","volume":"30","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2270081","article-title":"A single immunization with core\u2013shell structured lipopolyplex mRNA vaccine against rabies induces potent humoral immunity in mice and dogs","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00755-x","article-title":"Preparation of selective organ-targeting (SORT) lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) using multiple technical methods for tissue-specific mRNA delivery","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.06.010","article-title":"Recent advances to address challenges in extracellular vesicle-based applications for lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.02.037","article-title":"Exosomes as therapeutics: the implications of molecular composition and exosomal heterogeneity","volume":"228","author":"Ferguson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-1426-1_9","article-title":"Circular RNA in exosomes","volume":"1087","author":"Fanale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.82","article-title":"Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15756","article-title":"Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis","volume":"527","author":"Hoshino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01485-6","article-title":"EWSR1-induced circNEIL3 promotes glioma progression and exosome-mediated macrophage immunosuppressive polarization via stabilizing IGF2BP3","volume":"21","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807","article-title":"Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes","volume":"29","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-021-00300-3","article-title":"Elucidating methods for isolation and quantification of exosomes: a review","volume":"63","author":"Kurian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib157","article-title":"Exosome-based mitochondrial delivery of circRNA mSCAR alleviates sepsis by orchestrating macrophage activation","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.027","article-title":"Exosomes: large-scale production, isolation, drug loading efficiency, and biodistribution and uptake","volume":"347","author":"Kimiz-Gebologlu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.02.006","article-title":"Genetically engineered loaded extracellular vesicles for drug delivery","volume":"45","author":"Erana-Perez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2017.08.014","article-title":"Major findings and recent advances in virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines","volume":"34","author":"Mohsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01574-5","article-title":"A multiclade env-gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8579","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158579","article-title":"Virus-like particles: fundamentals and biomedical applications","volume":"23","author":"Mejia-Mendez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00806-7","article-title":"Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers","volume":"19","author":"Nooraei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.021","article-title":"Engineered virus-like particles for efficient in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins","volume":"185","author":"Banskota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0012-9","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2018.08.008","article-title":"Tissue-dependent expression and translation of circular RNAs with recombinant AAV vectors in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Meganck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2022.2043041","article-title":"Genetic tools for the stable overexpression of circular RNAs","volume":"19","author":"Mecozzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614193114","article-title":"Charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) for the delivery and release of mRNA in living animals","volume":"114","author":"McKinlay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00361","article-title":"An mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine employing charge-altering releasable transporters with a tlr-9 agonist induces neutralizing antibodies and T cell memory","volume":"7","author":"Haabeth","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14785","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c02704","article-title":"Organ- and cell-selective delivery of mRNA in vivo using guanidinylated serinol charge-altering releasable transporters","volume":"146","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CC00628B","article-title":"Hydrophobic collapse-driven nanoparticle coating with poly-adenine adhesives","volume":"57","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Commun (Camb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib172","series-title":"Study of TI-0093 injection with recurrent\/metastatic HPV-16 positive solid tumors","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00650-8","article-title":"An in vitro-transcribed circular RNA targets the mitochondrial inner membrane cardiolipin to ablate EIF4G2(+)\/PTBP1(+) pan-adenocarcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-024-00627-0","article-title":"Hsa_circ_0000520 suppresses vasculogenic mimicry formation and metastasis in bladder cancer through Lin28a\/PTEN\/PI3K signaling","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib175","article-title":"Computational biology and artificial intelligence in mRNA vaccine design for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Imani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.05.009","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and anti-cancer drugs' response","volume":"15","author":"Long","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac364","article-title":"Deep learning models for disease-associated circRNA prediction: a review","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2024.3385352","article-title":"MAMLCDA: a meta-learning model for predicting circRNA-disease association based on MAML combined with CNN","volume":"28","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W525","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks438","article-title":"Immune epitope database analysis resource","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06127-z","article-title":"Algorithm for optimized mRNA design improves stability and immunogenicity","volume":"621","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0164-5","article-title":"Human 5\u2032 UTR design and variant effect prediction from a massively parallel translation assay","volume":"37","author":"Sample","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74091-z","article-title":"Codon optimization with deep learning to enhance protein expression","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth248","article-title":"POLYVIEW: a flexible visualization tool for structural and functional annotations of proteins","volume":"20","author":"Porollo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib184","article-title":"Polyanhydride-based microparticles for programmable pulsatile release of diphtheria toxoid (DT) for single-injection self-boosting vaccines","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07060-5","article-title":"Nuclear export of circular RNA","volume":"627","author":"Ngo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib186","article-title":"Nano-omics: frontier fields of fusion of nanotechnology","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Smart Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.014","article-title":"The RNA binding protein quaking regulates formation of circRNAs","volume":"160","author":"Conn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01393-0","article-title":"Engineering circular RNA for enhanced protein production","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.02.034","article-title":"Endoribonucleolytic cleavage of m(6)A-containing RNAs by RNase P\/MRP complex","volume":"74","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.022","article-title":"Sensing self and foreign circular RNAs by intron identity","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302191120","article-title":"Circular RNA vaccine induces potent T cell responses","volume":"120","author":"Amaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12085","article-title":"Biodistribution of extracellular vesicles following administration into animals: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1516552","article-title":"Virus-like particle vaccines: immunology and formulation for clinical translation","volume":"17","author":"Donaldson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073595","article-title":"mRNA-LNP COVID-19 vaccine lipids induce complement activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines: mechanisms, effects of complement inhibitors, and relevance to adverse reactions","volume":"25","author":"Bakos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg6155","article-title":"Mammalian retrovirus-like protein PEG10 packages its own mRNA and can be pseudotyped for mRNA delivery","volume":"373","author":"Segel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383526002674?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383526002674?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:16:47Z","timestamp":1783714607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211383526002674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":195,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211383526002674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In vitro transcribed circRNA as a therapeutic agent for cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}