{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:03:28Z","timestamp":1789603408228,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019035","name":"Hubei Province Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022978","name":"Health Commission of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022804","name":"Maoming Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:24:27Z","timestamp":1781652267000},"page":"6168-6184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut microbiota-derived 5-HTP penetrates the host blood\u2013brain barrier and ameliorates autism symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuchun","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weirong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanning","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongju","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31129-2","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder","volume":"392","author":"Lord","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361301005003005","article-title":"Anxiety in high-functioning children with autism","volume":"5","author":"Gillott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-006-0563-2","article-title":"Epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"16","author":"Canitano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112679","article-title":"Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"284","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6802a1","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 4 years\u2013early autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, seven sites, United States, 2010, 2012, and 2014","volume":"68","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002615","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2\u20139 years: population-based burden estimates across five regions in India","volume":"15","author":"Arora","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.03.018","article-title":"Convergence of genes and cellular pathways dysregulated in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"94","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.015","article-title":"Inherited and de novo genetic risk for autism impacts shared networks","volume":"178","author":"Ruzzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8","article-title":"Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"51","author":"Grove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.08.009","article-title":"Dosage-sensitive genes in autism spectrum disorders: from neurobiology to therapy","volume":"118","author":"Javed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307491","article-title":"Patches of disorganization in the neocortex of children with autism","volume":"370","author":"Stoner","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0029","article-title":"Long-term risk of neuropsychiatric disease after exposure to infection in utero","volume":"76","author":"Al-Haddad","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.12.021","article-title":"Environmental factors in the development of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"88","author":"Sealey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.213","article-title":"Gestational vitamin D deficiency and autism-related traits: the generation R study","volume":"23","author":"Vinkhuyzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.007914","article-title":"Nutritional status of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: do we know enough?.","volume":"6","author":"Ranjan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1938","article-title":"Understanding environmental contributions to autism: causal concepts and the state of science","volume":"11","author":"Hertz-Picciotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325115","article-title":"Deviated and early unsustainable stunted development of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"71","author":"Lou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320913364","article-title":"The link between autism spectrum disorder and gut microbiota: a scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Nitschke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1747329","article-title":"Altered gut microbial profile is associated with abnormal metabolism activity of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"11","author":"Dan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3995","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"McElhanon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-22","article-title":"Gastrointestinal flora and gastrointestinal status in children with autism\u2013comparisons to typical children and correlation with autism severity","volume":"11","author":"Adams","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0225-7","article-title":"Microbiota transfer therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study","volume":"5","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00314-20","article-title":"Distinct fecal and plasma metabolites in children with autism spectrum disorders and their modulation after microbiota transfer therapy","volume":"5","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42183-0","article-title":"Long-term benefit of microbiota transfer therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051552","article-title":"Probiotic and oxytocin combination therapy in patients with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial","volume":"13","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.11.021","article-title":"Precision microbial intervention improves social behavior but not autism severity: a pilot double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Mazzone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210064","article-title":"Pilot study of probiotic\/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Sanctuary","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12766","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01478E","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates depressive disorders in a murine alcohol-LPS (mALPS) model","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.11.018","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated changes in social behavior in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"101","author":"Sgritta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2079","article-title":"Oral probiotic administration during pregnancy prevents autism-related behaviors in offspring induced by maternal immune activation via anti-inflammation in mice","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0438-4","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolites as multi-kingdom intermediates","volume":"19","author":"Krautkramer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9081045","article-title":"Dietary components, microbial metabolites and human health: reading between the lines","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01103-z","article-title":"The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces autistic-like behaviors in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Bermudez-Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib35","first-page":"3402","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid fermentation products of the gut microbiome: implications in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"23","author":"Macfabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04396-8","article-title":"A gut-derived metabolite alters brain activity and anxiety behaviour in mice","volume":"602","author":"Needham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.004","article-title":"Human gut microbiota from autism spectrum disorder promote behavioral symptoms in mice","volume":"177","author":"Sharon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.09.020","article-title":"Microbiota-related changes in bile acid & tryptophan metabolism are associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in a mouse model of autism","volume":"24","author":"Golubeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.11.023","article-title":"Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 attenuates major depression disorder via regulating gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"100","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh282","article-title":"Mild overexpression of MeCP2 causes a progressive neurological disorder in mice","volume":"13","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-020-00467-w","article-title":"Reversal of social recognition deficit in adult mice with MECP2 duplication via normalization of MeCP2 in the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.042","article-title":"Dynamic and asymmetric changes of the microbial communities after cohousing in laboratory mice","volume":"27","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8.26.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0826s56","article-title":"Automated three-chambered social approach task for mice","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0382-9","article-title":"A standardized social preference protocol for measuring social deficits in mouse models of autism","volume":"15","author":"Rein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.20","article-title":"Digging and marble burying in mice: simple methods for in vivo identification of biological impacts","volume":"1","author":"Deacon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.099","article-title":"Changes in gut microbiota by chronic stress impair the efficacy of fluoxetine","volume":"30","author":"Siopi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib47","article-title":"Engineered 5-HT producing gut probiotic improves gastrointestinal motility and behavior disorder","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.01.025","article-title":"A less stressful alternative to oral gavage for pharmacological and toxicological studies in mice","volume":"260","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib49","first-page":"369","article-title":"Long-term repeated daily use of intragastric gavage hinders induction of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in mice","volume":"64","author":"Kinder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.01.007","article-title":"Next-generation probiotic candidates targeting intestinal health in weaned piglets: both live and heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila prevent pathological changes induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the gut","volume":"17","author":"Lan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01306-y","article-title":"Orally administered Odoribacter laneus improves glucose control and inflammatory profile in obese mice by depleting circulating succinate","volume":"10","author":"Huber-Ruano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8605","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.63749","article-title":"Probiotics stimulate bone formation in obese mice via histone methylations","volume":"11","author":"Behera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20313-x","article-title":"Transkingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria attenuate western diet-induced diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A009","DOI":"10.1161\/hyp.68.suppl_1.009","article-title":"Abstract 009: genetically modified probiotics for oral delivery of angiotensin-(1-7) confers protection against pulmonary hypertension","volume":"68","author":"Cole Jeffrey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02752B","article-title":"Saccharomyces boulardii alleviates DSS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation in humanized mice","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBnet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Agus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1066","article-title":"Crh and Oprm1 mediate anxiety-related behavior and social approach in a mouse model of MECP2 duplication syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Samaco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx221","article-title":"Recurrent reverse evolution maintains polymorphism after strong bottlenecks in commensal gut bacteria","volume":"34","author":"Sousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib64","first-page":"147","article-title":"Insights from 100 years of research with probiotic E. coli. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)","volume":"6","author":"Wassenaar","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw212","article-title":"Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 \u2013 from bench to bedside and back: history of a special Escherichia coli strain with probiotic properties","volume":"363","author":"Sonnenborn","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.04023-14","article-title":"Multigene editing in the Escherichia coli genome via the CRISPR-Cas9 system","volume":"81","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.040","article-title":"Loss of mTOR-dependent macroautophagy causes autistic-like synaptic pruning deficits","volume":"83","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4742","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5742","article-title":"Enhanced synapse remodelling as a common phenotype in mouse models of autism","volume":"5","author":"Isshiki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib69","article-title":"Inhibition of elevated Ras-MAPK signaling normalizes enhanced motor learning and excessive clustered dendritic spine stabilization in the MECP2-duplication syndrome mouse model of autism","volume":"8","author":"Ash","year":"2021","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17111","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.17111","article-title":"Impairment of cocaine-mediated behaviours in mice by clinically relevant Ras-ERK inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Papale","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0335-z","article-title":"Disruption of mTOR and MAPK pathways correlates with severity in idiopathic autism","volume":"9","author":"Rosina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.06.015","article-title":"A small molecule TrkB\/TrkC neurotrophin receptor co-activator with distinctive effects on neuronal survival and process outgrowth","volume":"110","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317170","article-title":"EGF amplifies the replacement of parvalbumin-expressing striatal interneurons after ischemia","volume":"111","author":"Teramoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.022","article-title":"Effects of serotonin and slow-release 5-hydroxytryptophan on gastrointestinal motility in a mouse model of depression","volume":"157","author":"Israelyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0400-1","article-title":"Slow-release delivery enhances the pharmacological properties of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan: mouse proof-of-concept","volume":"44","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7202a1","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years\u2013autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020","volume":"72","author":"Maenner","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.037","article-title":"Getting to the cores of autism","volume":"178","author":"Iakoucheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.024","article-title":"Immune contributions to cause and effect in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"81","author":"McAllister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346","article-title":"Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Cryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.024","article-title":"Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"155","author":"Hsiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.009","article-title":"Dissecting the contribution of host genetics and the microbiome in complex behaviors","volume":"184","author":"Buffington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.017","article-title":"Mucosal fungi promote gut barrier function and social behavior via type 17 immunity","volume":"185","author":"Leonardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28746-2","article-title":"Changes to gut amino acid transporters and microbiome associated with increased E\/I ratio in Chd8+\/\u2212 mouse model of ASD-like behavior","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03669-y","article-title":"Microbiota regulate social behaviour via stress response neurons in the brain","volume":"595","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0419-x","article-title":"The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) stops acute diarrhoea in infants and toddlers","volume":"166","author":"Henker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00468","article-title":"The administration of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 ameliorates development of DSS-induced colitis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez-Nogales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20377","article-title":"Clinical use of E. coli Nissle 1917 in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Schultz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.05.015","article-title":"Dysbiosis of microbiome and probiotic treatment in a genetic model of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"73","author":"Tabouy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0099-3","article-title":"Ketogenic diet modifies the gut microbiota in a murine model of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"7","author":"Newell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0097-7","article-title":"The role of MeCP2 in brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"12","author":"Gonzales","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib91","article-title":"Excessive formation and stabilization of dendritic spine clusters in the MECP2-duplication syndrome mouse model of autism","volume":"8","author":"Ash","year":"2021","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02785.1997","article-title":"5-HT2A receptor-mediated regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the hippocampus and the neocortex","volume":"17","author":"Vaidya","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-2-7","article-title":"Histopathologic characterization of the BTBR mouse model of autistic-like behavior reveals selective changes in neurodevelopmental proteins and adult hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"2","author":"Stephenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.11.004","article-title":"Fractone-associated N-sulfated heparan sulfate shows reduced quantity in BTBR T+tf\/J mice: a strong model of autism","volume":"228","author":"Meyza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200204000-00012","article-title":"Placebo-controlled comparison of three dose-regimens of 5-hydroxytryptophan challenge test in healthy volunteers","volume":"22","author":"Gijsman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666040-00007","article-title":"Modified-release nifedipine: a review of the use of modified-release formulations in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris","volume":"66","author":"Croom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0314","article-title":"The maternal interleukin-17a pathway in mice promotes autism-like phenotypes in offspring","volume":"351","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.09.024","article-title":"Effects of a gut-selective integrin-targeted therapy in male mice exposed to early immune activation, a model for the study of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"115","author":"Butera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020220","article-title":"Increased monocyte production of IL-6 after toll-like receptor activation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with repetitive and restricted behaviors","volume":"12","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.017","article-title":"The constitutive activation of TLR4\u2013IRAK1-\u2013NF\u03baB axis is involved in the early NLRP3 inflammasome response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Rett syndrome patients","volume":"181","author":"Cordone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025_bib101","article-title":"Accumulated quiescent neural stem cells in adult hippocampus of the mouse model for the MECP2 duplication syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383526003783?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383526003783?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:19:38Z","timestamp":1789600778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211383526003783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211383526003783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gut microbiota-derived 5-HTP penetrates the host blood\u2013brain barrier and ameliorates autism symptoms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}