{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:48:22Z","timestamp":1790182102481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":218,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T22:26:58Z","timestamp":1781994418000},"page":"5730-5759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advances of oral micro- and nanomedicines for modulating intestinal barriers in the treatment of intestinal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenguang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3945-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanbo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4686-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingzhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat0835","article-title":"Intestinal barriers protect against disease","volume":"359","author":"Citi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00241-2","article-title":"The intestinal barrier in disorders of the central nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib3","article-title":"Enhancing intestinal barrier efficiency: a novel metabolic diseases therapy","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1227","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00612.2020","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease","volume":"319","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Heart C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.90","article-title":"Novel players in coeliac disease pathogenesis: role of the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Verdu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib6","article-title":"Aluminum induced intestinal dysfunction via mechanical, immune, chemical and biological barriers","volume":"288","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.169","article-title":"The intestinal epithelial barrier: a therapeutic target?.","volume":"14","author":"Odenwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","article-title":"Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"Rooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.31","article-title":"The high price of anticancer drugs: origins, implications, barriers, solutions","volume":"14","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.618411","article-title":"Advances in oral drug delivery","volume":"12","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.04.001","article-title":"Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: challenges, status quo and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntm.2024.100042","article-title":"Novel drug delivery systems: insight into self-powered and nano-enabled drug delivery systems","volume":"3","author":"Ewii","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano TransMed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib13","article-title":"Oral nanomedicine: challenges and opportunities","volume":"36","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NH00315A","article-title":"Impact of nanomaterials on the intestinal mucosal barrier and its application in treating intestinal diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.04.026","article-title":"Oral delivery of micro\/nanoparticulate systems based on natural polysaccharides for intestinal diseases therapy: challenges, advances and future perspectives","volume":"334","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2024.03.005","article-title":"Unleashing the potential of oral deliverable nanomedicine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2017.1279238","article-title":"pH-Responsive carriers for oral drug delivery: challenges and opportunities of current platforms","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ix200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-7534(20)33197-5","article-title":"Changes in the intestinal environments of patients with colorectal cancer or adenoma","volume":"23","author":"Ohigashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.4.571","article-title":"Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugs","volume":"48","author":"Nugent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib20","first-page":"157","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based therapeutics of inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review of the current state and prospects","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bio-X Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020484","article-title":"Advances in oral drug delivery dystems: challenges and opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Lou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy123","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based oral drug delivery systems targeting the colon for treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00539-w","article-title":"Foundations of gastrointestinal-based drug delivery and future developments","volume":"19","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051354","article-title":"Capsules with ileocolonic-targeted release of vitamin B(2), B(3), and C (ColoVit) intended for optimization of gut health: development and validation of the production process","volume":"15","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2022.03.061","article-title":"Emerging nanomedicine and prodrug delivery strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.04.045","article-title":"The transit of dosage forms through the small intestine","volume":"395","author":"Yuen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-2-19","article-title":"Luminal and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Carroll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.09.013","article-title":"The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","article-title":"The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer","author":"Neurath","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01163-0","article-title":"Microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms of disease and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"23","author":"Iliev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.009","article-title":"Immune responses to the microbiota at the intestinal mucosal surface","volume":"31","author":"Duerkop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","article-title":"Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"Rooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101587","article-title":"Gut microbiota and immune system interactions","volume":"8","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13282","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b05744","article-title":"Orally administered CLA ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice via intestinal barrier improvement, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammatory cytokine and gut microbiota modulation","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.020","article-title":"5S-Heudelotinone alleviates experimental colitis by shaping the immune system and enhancing the intestinal barrier in a gut microbiota-dependent manner","volume":"14","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321153","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in cancer treatment: friend or foe?.","volume":"69","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i15.2283","article-title":"Mechanisms of gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction in COVID-19 patients","volume":"29","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0126-x","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications","volume":"50","author":"Chelakkot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.12.009","article-title":"Oral drug delivery with polymeric nanoparticles: the gastrointestinal mucus barriers","volume":"64","author":"Ensign","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB02302H","article-title":"Orally-administered nanomedicine systems targeting colon inflammation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: latest advances","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201907665","article-title":"The nano-intestine interaction: understanding the location-oriented effects of engineered nanomaterials in the intestine","volume":"16","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.661931","article-title":"The intestinal epithelium - fluid fate and rigid structure from Crypt bottom to villus tip","volume":"9","author":"Bonis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01904.x","article-title":"Tight junctions, leaky intestines, and pediatric diseases","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2015.08.014","article-title":"Autophagy and tight junction proteins in the intestine and intestinal diseases","volume":"1","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.02.006","article-title":"Crossing the barrier: targeting epithelial receptors for enhanced oral vaccine delivery","volume":"160","author":"Devriendt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3608","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Peterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02515.x","article-title":"Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"271","author":"Gersemann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114021","article-title":"Oral nanomedicine for modulating immunity, intestinal barrier functions, and gut microbiome","volume":"179","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1138971","article-title":"Immunoregulation by antigen-presenting cells in human intestinal lamina propria","volume":"14","author":"Ogino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0309203","article-title":"Hyperactivated B cells in human inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"86","author":"Noronha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13044","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02403","article-title":"Mechanisms of nanoparticle transport across intestinal tissue: an oral delivery perspective","volume":"17","author":"Ejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib52","first-page":"2490","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease related innate immunity and adaptive immunity","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1073984","article-title":"Intestinal immune imbalance is an alarm in the development of IBD","volume":"2023","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.017","article-title":"Cytokine networks in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"50","author":"Friedrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31537","article-title":"A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"117","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2017.12.002","article-title":"Colorectal cancer prevention: immune modulation taking the stage","volume":"1869","author":"Fletcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0410-7","article-title":"Tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote tumor progression through oxidative metabolism in human colorectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Ouyang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915174107","article-title":"PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination blockade expands infiltrating T cells and reduces regulatory T and myeloid cells within B16 melanoma tumors","volume":"107","author":"Curran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1365880","article-title":"pH-responsive interface conversion efficient oral drug delivery platform for alleviating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6027","DOI":"10.1039\/D1QM00589H","article-title":"One-step prepared nano-in-micro microcapsule delivery vehicle with sequential burst-sustained drug release for the targeted treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Chem Front"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib61","article-title":"Drug delivery: ph and reactive oxygen species-sequential responsive nano-in-micro composite for targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"28","author":"Bertoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2022.03.077","article-title":"Oral delivery of superoxide dismutase by lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2018-0415","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded pH-sensitive poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for the amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Zeeshan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15893","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c03959","article-title":"Capsulated cellular nanosponges for the treatment of experimental inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.06.006","article-title":"Site-selective oral delivery of therapeutic antibodies to the inflamed colon via a folic acid-grafted organic\/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite system","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib66","first-page":"327","article-title":"Multiparticulate formulation approach to colon specific drug delivery: current perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Asghar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2866","article-title":"Large intestine-targeted, nanoparticle-releasing oral vaccine to control genitorectal viral infection","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S375229","article-title":"Current advances in chitosan nanoparticles based oral drug delivery for colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"17","author":"Choukaife","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib69","first-page":"3769","article-title":"Advances in oral chitosan based nano delivery system for colon targeted drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Ganesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119763","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles for oral photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy of colon cancer","volume":"589","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054289","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as oral drug carriers","volume":"24","author":"Omar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntm.2024.100040","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticle delivery systems: an effective approach to enhancing efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs","volume":"3","author":"Grewal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano TransMed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.03.033","article-title":"Alginate microparticles as oral colon drug delivery device: a review","volume":"168","author":"Aguero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntm.2025.100083","article-title":"Nanoparticles for drug delivery: insight into in vitro and in vivo drug release from nanomedicines","volume":"4","author":"Ewii","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano TransMed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122009","article-title":"Recent updates on guar gum derivatives in colon specific drug delivery","volume":"334","author":"Manna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.08.007","article-title":"Development and characteristics nanoscale retrograded starch as an encapsulating agent for colon-specific drug delivery","volume":"171","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121025","article-title":"Oral pectin\/oligochitosan microspheres for colon-specific controlled release of quercetin to treat inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"316","author":"Jing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00213-8","article-title":"Pectin-based systems for colon-specific drug delivery via oral route","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.197","article-title":"A novel and simple oral colon-specific drug delivery system based on the pectin\/modified nano-carbon sphere nanocomposite gel films","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2023.02.021","article-title":"Targeted therapeutic effects of oral magnetically driven pectin nanoparticles containing chlorogenic acid on colon cancer","volume":"84","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2022.107910","article-title":"Citrus pectin research advances: derived as a biomaterial in the construction and applications of micro\/nano-delivery systems","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.11.020","article-title":"Orally targeted delivery of tripeptide KPV via hyaluronic acid-functionalized nanoparticles efficiently alleviates ulcerative colitis","volume":"25","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5386","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00843J","article-title":"Oral bomb effect nanotherapeutics alleviate ulcerative colitis through coordinated anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving strategies","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810143","article-title":"A comprehensive review of xanthan gum-based oral drug delivery systems","volume":"25","author":"Layek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib85","first-page":"474","article-title":"Development of xylan-coated acid-resistant micellar drug carriers for colon-targeted oral delivery","volume":"74","author":"Nuket","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Polym Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.05.075","article-title":"Xylan-based temperature\/pH sensitive hydrogels for drug controlled release","volume":"151","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.3c00130","article-title":"Correction to \"carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide holds promise for treatment of stenosis crohn's disease\"","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01965-5","article-title":"Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide modified nano-selenium effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis through enhancing intestinal mucosal barrier function and antioxidant capacity","volume":"21","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121884","article-title":"Colon-targeted oral nanoparticles based on ROS-scavenging hydroxyethyl starch-curcumin conjugates for efficient inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"623","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.702173","article-title":"Lentinan-based oral nanoparticle loaded budesonide with macrophage-targeting ability for treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib91","article-title":"Microenvironment responsive pod-structured astaxanthin nanocarrier for ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5661\/bger-28-33","article-title":"Application and use of Inulin as a tool for therapeutic drug delivery","volume":"28","author":"Imran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.094","article-title":"Macrophages-targeting mannosylated nanoparticles based on inulin for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)","volume":"169","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314241265892","article-title":"Oral delivery of pH-sensitive nanoparticles loaded Celastrol targeting the inflammatory colons to treat ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05662-1","article-title":"Oral colon-targeted pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticles loading naringin for enhanced ulcerative colitis therapy","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118556","article-title":"Oral delivery of infliximab using nano-in-microparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"273","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-023-01461-4","article-title":"A chitosan\/alginate coated nano-liposome to improve intestinal absorption of curcumin for oral administration","volume":"33","author":"Jang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.117","article-title":"Carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres loaded hyaluronic acid\/gelatin hydrogels for controlled drug delivery and the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"167","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13152463","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid loaded chitosan-carrageenan hydrogel beads with potential application for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Stavarache","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01765A","article-title":"An oral pH-activated \"nano-bomb\" carrier combined with berberine by regulating gene silencing and gut microbiota for site-specific treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S347506","article-title":"Oral delivery of pterostilbene by L-arginine-mediated \"nano-bomb\" carrier for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01770-0","article-title":"Orally administration of cerium oxide nanozyme for computed tomography imaging and anti-inflammatory\/anti-fibrotic therapy of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"21","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2022.110894","article-title":"Nano-in-micro alginate\/chitosan hydrogel via electrospray technology for orally curcumin delivery to effectively alleviate ulcerative colitis","volume":"221","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02045-4","article-title":"Oral hydrogel nanoemulsion co-delivery system treats inflammatory bowel disease via anti-inflammatory and promoting intestinal mucosa repair","volume":"21","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121163","article-title":"Bioinspired yeast-based beta-glucan system for oral drug delivery","volume":"319","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib106","article-title":"A \u201cspore-like\u201d oral nanodrug delivery platform for precision targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02802-z","article-title":"Orally biomimetic metal-phenolic nanozyme with quadruple safeguards for intestinal homeostasis to ameliorate ulcerative colitis","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00425","article-title":"Entrapment of macrophage-target nanoparticles by yeast microparticles for rhein delivery in ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118612","article-title":"beta-1,3-d-Glucan based yeast cell wall system loaded emodin with dual-targeting layers for ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"273","author":"Pu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib110","first-page":"203","article-title":"Robust reactive oxygen species modulator hitchhiking yeast microcapsules for colitis alleviation by trilogically intestinal microenvironment renovation","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412783","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid-nanocoated bacteria generate an anti-inflammatory tissue-repair effect in impaired gut and extraintestinal organs","volume":"37","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46090","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c09901","article-title":"Acid-resistant nano-antioxidants based on epigallocatechin gallate alleviate acute intestinal and kidney inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0462-9","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid-bilirubin nanomedicine for targeted modulation of dysregulated intestinal barrier, microbiome and immune responses in colitis","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.123063","article-title":"Versatile inulin\/trans-ferulic acid\/silk sericin nanoparticles-nourished probiotic complex with prolonged intestinal retention for synergistic therapy of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"350","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25657","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c07750","article-title":"Oral microto-nano genome-editing system enabling targeted delivery and conditional activation of CRISPR-Cas9 for gene therapy of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27463-6","article-title":"Nanoparticle-assembled bioadhesive coacervate coating with prolonged gastrointestinal retention for inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101876","article-title":"Mucoadhesive probiotic-based oral microcarriers with prolonged intestinal retention for inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162763","article-title":"Oral delivery of probiotic combined natural phenolic-metal framework with microencapsulation for prolonged intestinal retention and alleviation of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"512","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00619-5","article-title":"Dietary management of adults with IBD - the emerging role of dietary therapy","volume":"19","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2304905120","article-title":"Microbiota configuration determines nutritional immune optimization","volume":"120","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01831-6","article-title":"Design and reporting of prebiotic and probiotic clinical trials in the context of diet and the gut microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Whelan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.02.002","article-title":"Orally ingested probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions as countermeasures for gastrointestinal tract infections in nonelderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Fagnant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2341717","article-title":"An emerging strategy: probiotics enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy via mediating the gut microbiome","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.01.013","article-title":"Donor-recipient intermicrobial interactions impact transfer of subspecies and fecal microbiota transplantation outcome","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.05.017","article-title":"Rigorous donor selection for fecal microbiota transplantation in active ulcerative colitis: key lessons from a randomized controlled trial halted for futility","volume":"23","author":"Caenepeel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01346-x","article-title":"Artificial-enzymes-armed Bifidobacterium longum probiotics for alleviating intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14775","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02914","article-title":"Modified prebiotic-based \"shield\" armed probiotics with enhanced resistance of gastrointestinal stresses and prolonged intestinal retention for synergistic alleviation of colitis","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.09.015","article-title":"Colon-specific controlled release of oral liposomes for enhanced chemo-immunotherapy against colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7520","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01094E","article-title":"Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse colitis via the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-kappaB pathway and gut microbiota modulation","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.10.001","article-title":"Plant-derived exosomal microRNAs shape the gut microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Teng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03346-6","article-title":"Oral administration of Momordica charantia-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates ulcerative colitis through comprehensive renovation of the intestinal microenvironment","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12487","article-title":"Roseburia intestinalis-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate colitis by modulating intestinal barrier, microbiome, and inflammatory responses","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4722","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224722","article-title":"Effect of extracelluar vesicles derived from Akkermansia muciniphila on intestinal barrier in colitis mice","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103319","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG derived extracellular vesicles modulate gut microbiota and attenuate inflammatory in DSS-induced colitis mice","volume":"13","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.02.026","article-title":"ROS scavenging and inflammation-directed polydopamine nanoparticles regulate gut immunity and flora therapy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"161","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib136","article-title":"Orally administered functional polyphenol-nanozyme-armored probiotics for enhanced amelioration of intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c00118","article-title":"Inorganic nanosheet-shielded probiotics: a self-adaptable oral delivery system for intestinal disease treatment","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib138","article-title":"Engineered probiotics enable targeted gut delivery of dual gasotransmitters for inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"64","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010184","article-title":"Probiotics mechanism of action on immune cells and beneficial effects on human health","volume":"12","author":"Mazziotta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.059","article-title":"Prebiotics empower probiotics with gastrointestinal stress resistance for colon-targeted release to synergistically alleviate colitis","volume":"380","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11108","article-title":"Programmable food-derived peptide coassembly strategies for boosting targeted colitis therapy by enhancing oral bioavailability and restoring gut microenvironment homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12917","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c00830","article-title":"Polyphenolic nanoparticle-modified probiotics for microenvironment remodeling and targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071566","article-title":"The role of genetically engineered probiotics for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.12.022","article-title":"Plant-derived nanovesicles: further exploration of biomedical function and application potential","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70075","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a focus on inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Clua-Ferre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.110224","article-title":"Phytoconstituent-derived nano-medicines\/vesicles providing a promising dawn for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.01.035","article-title":"Therapeutic application and potential mechanism of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202407685","article-title":"Inulin-based nanoparticle modulates gut microbiota and immune microenvironment for improving colorectal cancer therapy","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40439-y","article-title":"Combining gut microbiota modulation and chemotherapy by capecitabine-loaded prebiotic nanoparticle improves colorectal cancer therapy","volume":"14","author":"Lang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409138","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from nanomedicine-trained intestinal microbiota substitute for fecal microbiota transplant in treating ulcerative colitis","volume":"36","author":"Zu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib151","article-title":"Bacterial membrane vesicles: physiological roles, infection immunology, and applications","volume":"10","author":"Gan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00699-x","article-title":"Targeting drugs to tumours using cell membrane-coated nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.09.012","article-title":"Micro- and macrorheology of mucus","volume":"61","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2022.03.110","article-title":"Oral colon-targeted mucoadhesive micelles with enzyme-responsive controlled release of curcumin for ulcerative colitis therapy","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b04841","article-title":"Enhanced transport of shape and rigidity-tuned alpha-lactalbumin nanotubes across intestinal mucus and cellular barriers","volume":"20","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.06.015","article-title":"Impacts of particle shapes on the oral delivery of drug nanocrystals: mucus permeation, transepithelial transport and bioavailability","volume":"307","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02092C","article-title":"Oral nanotherapeutics with enhanced mucus penetration and ROS-responsive drug release capacities for delivery of curcumin to colitis tissues","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091263","article-title":"Mucus-penetrating silk fibroin-based nanotherapeutics for efficient treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib159","article-title":"Transient mild photothermia improves therapeutic performance of oral nanomedicines with enhanced accumulation in the colitis mucosa","volume":"36","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib160","first-page":"188","volume":"vol. 6","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.02.029","article-title":"The effect of nanoparticle permeation on the bulk rheological properties of mucus from the small intestine","volume":"96","author":"Wilcox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.109129","article-title":"Vesicular drug delivery systems for oral absorption enhancement","volume":"35","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.06.015","article-title":"Transepithelial transport of nanoparticles in oral drug delivery: from the perspective of surface and holistic property modulation","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084339","article-title":"Interactions between nanoparticles and intestine","volume":"23","author":"Vitulo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0465-5","article-title":"Anionic nanoparticles enable the oral delivery of proteins by enhancing intestinal permeability","volume":"4","author":"Lamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1021\/nl3037799","article-title":"Nanostructure-mediated transport of biologics across epithelial tissue: enhancing permeability via nanotopography","volume":"13","author":"Kam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.224568","article-title":"Determinants of colonic barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease and potential therapeutics","volume":"590","author":"Hering","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309370","article-title":"Precisely inhibiting excessive intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis to efficiently treat inflammatory bowel disease with oral pifithrin-alpha embedded nanomedicine (OPEN)","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.056","article-title":"Nanoparticles with surface antibody against CD98 and carrying CD98 small interfering RNA reduce colitis in mice","volume":"146","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5853","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB01190E","article-title":"Nanoparticles for oral delivery: targeted therapy for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib171","article-title":"Receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: opportunities and emerging strategies","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.11.017","article-title":"Targeted delivery of Chinese herb pair-based berberine\/tannin acid self-assemblies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.12.022","article-title":"An update on oral drug delivery via intestinal lymphatic transport","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8893","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b04315","article-title":"Oral nanoparticles exhibit specific high-efficiency intestinal uptake and lymphatic transport","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp8798","article-title":"Mucoadhesive probiotic backpacks with ROS nanoscavengers enhance the bacteriotherapy for inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.04.014","article-title":"Recent progress on engineered micro\/nanomaterials mediated modulation of gut microbiota for treating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"370","author":"Kan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00551","article-title":"Broad-spectrum reactive oxygen species scavenging and activated macrophage-targeting microparticles ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib178","article-title":"Tumor immune microenvironment and nano-immunotherapeutics in colorectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.07.019","article-title":"Lactoferrin-mediated macrophage targeting delivery and patchouli alcohol-based therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharma Sin B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib180","article-title":"Strategies and opportunities of micro\/nano delivery systems for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis: focus on underlying mechanisms and future perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib181","article-title":"L-Arginine-modified selenium nanozymes targeting M1 macrophages for oral treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112183","article-title":"A holistic QBD approach to design galactose conjugated PLGA polymer and nanoparticles to catch macrophages during intestinal inflammation","volume":"126","author":"Zeeshan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121178","article-title":"'Green' nanotherapeutics from tea leaves for orally targeted prevention and alleviation of colon diseases","volume":"279","author":"Zu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105779","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory bowel diseases: implications in pathogenesis and therapeutic targets","volume":"171","author":"Dos Santos Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.03.002","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenic mechanisms and clinical translation","volume":"12","author":"Drury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112161","article-title":"Oral delivery of staphylococcal nuclease ameliorates DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice via degrading intestinal neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"215","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10996","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c03252","article-title":"Bilirubin nanomedicine rescues intestinal barrier destruction and restores mucosal immunity in colitis","volume":"17","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24404","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11089","article-title":"Orally administrated inflamed colon-targeted nanotherapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease treatment by oxidative stress level modulation in colitis","volume":"17","author":"Min","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib189","article-title":"Nanoassemblies derived from natural flavonoid compounds as new antioxidant oral preparations for targeted inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"33","author":"Nan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202203466","article-title":"Oral nanomotor-enabled mucus traverse and tumor penetration for targeted chemo-sono-immunotherapy against colon cancer","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11436","article-title":"An oral nanomedicine elicits in situ vaccination effect against colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Zu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123233","article-title":"Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer through nano-selenium probiotic complexes and IL-32 modulation","volume":"320","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-01904-5","article-title":"An orally administered gene editing nanoparticle boosts chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23575","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c01158","article-title":"Oral nanoarmored live bacterial biotherapeutics bearing polyphenol-based supraparticles enhance chemotherapy via reestablishing immuno-oncology-microbiome axis","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107167","article-title":"Probiotics formulation and cancer nanovaccines show synergistic effect in immunotherapy and prevention of colon cancer","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9457","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB01518H","article-title":"Oral fullerene tablets for colorectal cancer therapy based on modulation of tumor inflammatory microenvironments","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4704771","article-title":"Dietary valine ameliorated gut health and accelerated the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of laying hens","volume":"2021","author":"Jian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202350631","article-title":"Epithelial-immune cell crosstalk for intestinal barrier homeostasis","volume":"54","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib199","article-title":"Advances in intestinal epithelium and gut microbiota interaction","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.09.012","article-title":"The interaction among gut microbes, the intestinal barrier and short chain fatty acids","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i30.4053","article-title":"Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Quaglio","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib202","article-title":"The role of intestinal microecology in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: a review","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-023-05654-4","article-title":"Gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial lipopolysaccharides in colorectal cancer","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.07.032","article-title":"Chronic ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer","volume":"345","author":"Rogler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c11188","article-title":"Synthetic lignin-derived therapeutic nano reagent as intestinal pH-sensitive drug carriers capable of bypassing the gastric acid environment for colitis treatment","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14213","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00574","article-title":"Triple-functional probiotics with intracellularly synthesized selenium nanoparticles for colitis therapy by regulating the macrophage phenotype and modulating gut microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10986","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c19742","article-title":"Orally administrated precision nanomedicine for restoring the intestinal barrier and alleviating inflammation in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00499","article-title":"Oral administration of bioactive nanoparticulates for inflammatory bowel disease therapy by mitigating oxidative stress and restoring intestinal microbiota homeostasis","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-024-01224-4","article-title":"Reinforcement of the intestinal mucosal barrier via mucus-penetrating PEGylated bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114364","article-title":"Engineered microbial systems for advanced drug delivery","volume":"187","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114076","article-title":"Clinical translation of advanced colonic drug delivery technologies","volume":"181","author":"Awad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2025.103503","article-title":"The stomach, small intestine, and colon-specific gastrointestinal tract delivery systems for bioactive nutrients","volume":"341","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1021\/nn305958y","article-title":"Targeted intraceptor nanoparticle therapy reduces angiogenesis and fibrosis in primate and murine macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.7150\/ntno.27452","article-title":"Comparing semiconductor nanocrystal toxicity in pregnant mice and non-human primates","volume":"3","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanotheranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03479-8","article-title":"Advanced oral drug delivery systems for gastrointestinal targeted delivery: the design principles and foundations","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138458","article-title":"Application of CNN and ANN in assessment the effect of chemical components of biological nanomaterials in treatment of infection of inner ear and environmental sustainability","volume":"331","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib217","article-title":"A state-of-the-art analysis of pharmacological delivery and artificial intelligence techniques for inner ear disease treatment","volume":"236","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032_bib218","article-title":"Efficient navigation of colloidal robots in an unknown environment via deep reinforcement learning","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Intell Syst"}],"container-title":["Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383526003886?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211383526003886?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:18:34Z","timestamp":1789600714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211383526003886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":218,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211383526003886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advances of oral micro- and nanomedicines for modulating intestinal barriers in the treatment of intestinal diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.06.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}