{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T21:36:39Z","timestamp":1775511399640,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,22]],"date-time":"2010-10-22T11:06:37Z","timestamp":1287745597000},"page":"571-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluaci\u00f3n funcional no-invasiva de la reserva ante la fatiga y la estructura del diafragma mediante ecograf\u00eda transtor\u00e1cica en modos B y M"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Orozco-Levi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Gayete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Tous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Gea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib1","series-title":"The Thorax","first-page":"327","article-title":"Actions of the respiratory muscles","author":"Loring","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)00957-6","article-title":"An Overview on Respiratory Muscle Function","volume":"15","author":"Epstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib3","first-page":"696","article-title":"Maximal respiratory pressures normal values and relationship to age and sex","volume":"99","author":"Black","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(15)30567-6","article-title":"El Diafragma","volume":"33","author":"Orozco\u2212Levi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1196","article-title":"Evaluation of human diaphragm fatigue","volume":"53","author":"Bellemare","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1987.135.4.919","article-title":"Measurement of inspiratory muscle performance with incremental threshold loading","volume":"135","author":"Martyn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.2.132","article-title":"Expiratory muscle endurance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"57","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Sarmiento","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib8","first-page":"419","article-title":"Respiratory muscle fatigue: A cause of respiratory failure?","volume":"53","author":"Macklem","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.6.2146","article-title":"Voluntary activation of the human diaphragm in health and disease","volume":"85","author":"Sinderby","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.2.655","article-title":"Diaphragmatic activity induced by cortical stimulation: surface versus esophageal electrodes","volume":"74","author":"Gea","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1094","article-title":"Changes in the EMG power spectrum (high\u2212to\u2212low ratio) with forced fatigue in humans","volume":"53","author":"Moxham","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000194564","article-title":"Fiber size and energy metabolites in five separate muscles from patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases","volume":"44","author":"Hughes","year":"1983","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib13","unstructured":"Lluis Molina i Ferragut. Cor d\u2019atleta: Avaluaci\u00f3 ecocardiogr\u00e0fica. Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boussuges A, Gole y, Blanc P. Diaphragmatic motion studied by m\u2212mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility and normal values. CHEST 135: 391\u2013400.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1541"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)92831-L","article-title":"Relations between posterior wall kinetics during diastole and left ventricular filling","volume":"15","author":"Herve","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib16","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964, and amended by the 29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 1975; 35th WMA General Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 1983; 41st WMA General Assembly, Hong Kong, September 1989; 48th WMA General Assembly, Somerset West, Republic of South Africa, October 1996; and the 52nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000; Note of Clarification on Paragraph 29 added by the WMA General Assembly, Washington 2002; Note of Clarification on Paragraph 30 added by the WMA General Assembly, Tokyo 2004. Disponible en: http:\/\/ohsr.od.nih.gov\/guidelines\/Helsinki.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-075OC","article-title":"Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: structural adaptation and physiologic outcomes","volume":"166","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Sarmiento","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib18","unstructured":"Sanchis Ald\u00e1s J, Casan Clar\u00e1 P, Castillo G\u00f3mez J, G\u00f3mez Mangado N, Palenciano Ballesteros L, Roca Torrent J. Espirometr\u00eda forzada. Normativa SEPAR."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib19","first-page":"217","article-title":"Spirometric reference values for a Mediterranean population","volume":"22","author":"Roca","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.7.535","article-title":"Predicted normal values for maximal inspiratory pressure in caucasian adults and children","volume":"39","author":"Wilson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2011150","article-title":"Injury of the human diaphragm associated with exertion and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"164","author":"Orozco-Levi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib22","first-page":"768","article-title":"Measuring ventilatory muscle endurance in humans as sustainable inspiratory pressure","volume":"52","author":"Nickerson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol; Respirato Environ Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.11.1157","article-title":"In vivo assessment of diaphragm contraction by ultrasound in normal subjects","volume":"50","author":"Ueki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib24","series-title":"Tratado de Fisiolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica","first-page":"79","article-title":"Contraction of skeletal muscle","author":"Guyton","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03013389","article-title":"Non\u2212invasive quantification of diaphragm kinetics using m\u2212mode sonography","volume":"44","author":"Ayoub","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1541","article-title":"Diaphragmatic motion studied by m\u2212mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values","volume":"135","author":"Boussuges","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.1.185","article-title":"Ventilatory responses to inspiratory threshold loading and role of muscle fatigue in task failure","volume":"76","author":"Eastwood","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.2.132","article-title":"Expiratory muscle endurance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"57","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Sarmiento","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s004080000049","article-title":"Expiratory muscle endurance in middle\u2212aged healthy subjects","volume":"179","author":"Orozco-Levi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lung"}],"container-title":["Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"language":"es","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300289610002528?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300289610002528?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T12:45:02Z","timestamp":1636721102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300289610002528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300289610002528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-2896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}}}