{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:50:55Z","timestamp":1793415055550,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T01:55:12Z","timestamp":1727142912000},"page":"31-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Airway Remodeling in Asthma: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Angelica","family":"Tiotiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paschalis","family":"Steiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silviya","family":"Novakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denislava","family":"Nedeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Plamena","family":"Novakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herberto","family":"Chong-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo Guidos","family":"Fogelbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0795","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/GINA-2024-Main-Report-WMS-1.pdf [accessed 18.5.24]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2566-8","article-title":"Airway remodeling in asthma: what really matters","volume":"367","author":"Fehrenbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S267222","article-title":"Pathobiology of airway remodeling in asthma: the emerging role of integrins","volume":"15","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13373","article-title":"Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: the one airway concept revisited","volume":"73","author":"Samitas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100622","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00622-2021","article-title":"Long-term modulation of airway remodelling in severe asthma following bronchial thermoplasty","volume":"59","author":"Jendzjowsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-1958OC","article-title":"Airway remodeling in preschool children with severe recurrent wheeze","volume":"192","author":"Lezmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01196-2014","article-title":"Novel concepts in airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma","volume":"46","author":"Saglani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.03.027","article-title":"Mitochondria are involved in bronchial smooth muscle remodeling in severe preschool wheezers","volume":"148","author":"Beaufils","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12119","article-title":"Structural changes in the bronchial mucosa of young children at risk of developing asthma","volume":"25","author":"Berankova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00191","article-title":"Airway remodeling in asthma","volume":"7","author":"Hough","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/318029","article-title":"Airway remodelling in asthma: from benchside to clinical practice","volume":"17","author":"Bergeron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12156","article-title":"The relationship between eosinophilia and airway remodelling in mild asthma","volume":"43","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15473","article-title":"Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma","volume":"77","author":"Varricchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113100","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1113100","article-title":"Airway remodeling heterogeneity in asthma and its relationship to disease outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2023.2262920","article-title":"Epithelial alarmins: a new target to treat chronic respiratory diseases","volume":"17","author":"Nedeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2017.1387245","article-title":"Dupilumab for the treatment of asthma","volume":"17","author":"Pelaia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1159\/000494241","article-title":"TGF\u03b21-Smad signaling pathway participates in interleukin-33 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of a549 cells","volume":"50","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/01902148.2019.1646841","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induced early stage of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells through upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1","volume":"45","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0307TR","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b21 function in airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness. The missing link?","volume":"56","author":"Ojiaku","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071694","article-title":"What have in vitro co-culture models taught us about the contribution of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal interactions to airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma?","volume":"9","author":"Osei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02167-7","article-title":"IL-37 protects against airway remodeling by reversing bronchial epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition via IL-24 signaling pathway in chronic asthma","volume":"23","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2899-4","article-title":"Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial asthma","volume":"75","author":"Michalik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S159124","article-title":"Airway remodeling disease: primary human structural cells and phenotypic and pathway assays to identify targets with potential to prevent or reverse remodeling","volume":"10","author":"Rosethorne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2023.2177533","article-title":"Airway smooth muscle in contractility and remodeling of asthma: potential drug target mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Khalfaoui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1404OC","article-title":"Bronchial smooth muscle remodeling in nonsevere asthma","volume":"193","author":"Girodet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.12.982","article-title":"Airway pathological heterogeneity in asthma: visualization of disease microclusters using topological data analysis","volume":"142","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40733-018-0047-4","article-title":"Biomarkers in asthma: state of the art","volume":"4","author":"Tiotiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asthma Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106202","article-title":"Clinical and biological factors associated with irreversible airway obstruction in adult asthma","volume":"175","author":"Graff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13501","article-title":"The relationship of airway structural changes to blood and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers, and lung function abnormalities in asthma","volume":"50","author":"Kozlik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.08.005","article-title":"Disconnect of type 2 biomarkers in severe asthma; dominated by FeNO as a predictor of exacerbations and periostin as predictor of reduced lung function","volume":"143","author":"Mansur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2018.1455855","article-title":"Serum periostin levels serve as a biomarker for both eosinophilic airway inflammation and fixed airflow limitation in well-controlled asthmatics","volume":"56","author":"Takahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09122640","article-title":"Pulmonary hyperinflation a clinical overview","volume":"9","author":"Gibson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2018.1452032","article-title":"Impulse oscillometry and nitrogen washout test in the assessment of small airway dysfunction in asthma: correlation with quantitative computed tomography","volume":"56","author":"Fuso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13083","article-title":"Respiratory impedance is correlated with airway narrowing in asthma using three-dimensional computed tomography","volume":"48","author":"Karayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14185","article-title":"Oscillometry bronchodilator response in adult moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma patients: a prospective cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2009.30.3253","article-title":"Evaluation of airway hyperresponsiveness and exhaled nitric oxide as risk factors for airway remodeling in patients with stable asthma","volume":"30","author":"Ohkura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9909044","article-title":"Airway wall thickness in asthma assessed by computed tomography. Relation to clinical indices","volume":"162","author":"Niimi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.3.247","article-title":"High resolution computed tomographic assessment of airway wall thickness in chronic asthma: reproducibility and relationship with lung function and severity","volume":"57","author":"Little","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2779","article-title":"Airway remodeling measured by multidetector CT is increased in severe asthma and correlates with pathology","volume":"134","author":"Aysola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.051","article-title":"Lung imaging in asthmatic patients: the picture is clearer","volume":"128","author":"Castro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201107-1317PP","article-title":"Severe asthma: lessons learned from the national heart, lung, and blood institute severe asthma research program","volume":"185","author":"Jarjour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rct.0000120857.80935.bd","article-title":"Multidetector computed tomography technology: current status and emerging developments","volume":"28","author":"Kalra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000093","article-title":"Very low-dose (0.15mGy) chest CT protocols using the COPDGene 2 test object and a third-generation dual-source CT scanner with corresponding third-generation iterative reconstruction software","volume":"50","author":"Newell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3181d9ca37","article-title":"Multidetector high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs: protocols and applications","volume":"25","author":"Sundaram","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12087","article-title":"Standardizing CT lung density measure across scanner manufacturers","volume":"44","author":"Chen-Mayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.01.029","article-title":"Quantitative CT metrics are associated with longitudinal lung function decline and future asthma exacerbations: results from SARP-3","volume":"148","author":"Krings","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01094.2014","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of multiscale structural and functional alterations in asthmatic populations","volume":"118","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5913-1","article-title":"Uncontrolled asthma phenotypes defined from parameters using quantitative CT analysis","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202110-2265OC","article-title":"Mucus plugs persist in asthma, and changes in mucus plugs associate with changes in airflow over time","volume":"205","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.02.001","article-title":"Relationship between lung function and quantitative computed tomographic parameters of airway remodeling, air trapping, and emphysema in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-center study","volume":"137","author":"Hartley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601507","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01507-2016","article-title":"Associations in asthma between quantitative computed tomography and bronchial biopsy-derived airway remodelling","volume":"49","author":"Berair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100628","article-title":"Phenotypic clusters on computed tomography reflects asthma heterogeneity and severity","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.09.008","article-title":"Clinical associations of mucus plugging in moderate to severe asthma","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95693","article-title":"Mucus plugs in patients with asthma linked to eosinophilia and airflow obstruction","volume":"128","author":"Dunican","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.12.040","article-title":"Impaired respiratory system resistance and reactance are associated with bronchial wall thickening in persistent asthma","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2024.01.013","article-title":"Associations of fractional exhaled nitric oxide with airway dimension and mucus plugs on ultra-high-resolution computed tomography in former smokers and nonsmokers with asthma","author":"Hayashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuge M, Ikeda M, Kondo Y, Tsukahara H. Severe pediatric asthma with a poor response to omalizumab: a report of three cases and three-dimensional bronchial wall analysis. J Int Med Res 50: 3000605211070492. doi:10.1177\/03000605211070492.","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211070492"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220630","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220630","article-title":"MR imaging of the airways","volume":"96","author":"Biederer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05090-z","article-title":"Practical protocol for lung magnetic resonance imaging and common clinical indications","volume":"52","author":"Sodhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000341","article-title":"The role of imaging in the assessment of severe asthma","volume":"23","author":"Ash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S306421","article-title":"Assessment of airway remodeling using endobronchial ultrasound in asthma-COPD overlap","volume":"14","author":"G\u00f3rka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2759","article-title":"The use of endobronchial ultrasonography in assessment of bronchial wall remodeling in patients with asthma","volume":"136","author":"Soja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S404254","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound is useful in the assessment of bronchial wall changes related to bronchial thermoplasty","volume":"16","author":"Soja","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-023-01848-7","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of lung function and airway remodeling using ventilation\/perfusion single photon emission tomography\/computed tomography and HRCT in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma","volume":"37","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.4.309","article-title":"Airway inflammation, basement membrane thickening and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma","volume":"57","author":"Ward","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196087","article-title":"Effect of short-term treatment with low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation and remodeling in mild asthma: a placebo-controlled study","volume":"155","author":"Olivieri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.1.8025745","article-title":"Placebo-controlled immunopathologic study of four months of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma","volume":"150","author":"Trigg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9806052","article-title":"Clinical control and histopathologic outcome of asthma when using airway hyperresponsiveness as an additional guide to long-term treatment. The AMPUL Study Group","volume":"159","author":"Sont","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9910051","article-title":"Airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and subepithelial collagen deposition in recently diagnosed versus long-standing mild asthma. Influence of inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"162","author":"Boulet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.4_Pt_1.890","article-title":"Effects of treatment on airway inflammation and thickening of basement membrane reticular collagen in asthma. A quantitative light and electron microscopic study","volume":"145","author":"Jeffery","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1557","article-title":"Airway remodeling-associated mediators in moderate to severe asthma: effect of steroids on TGF-beta, IL-11, IL-17, and type I and type III collagen expression","volume":"111","author":"Chakir","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.07.029","article-title":"Evidence of remodeling in peripheral airways of patients with mild to moderate asthma: effect of hydrofluoroalkane-flunisolide","volume":"116","author":"Bergeron","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2103013","article-title":"Apoptosis of airway epithelial cells induced by corticosteroids","volume":"164","author":"Dorscheid","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.6_suppl.278S","article-title":"Corticosteroid-induced apoptosis of airway epithelium: a potential mechanism for chronic airway epithelial damage in asthma","volume":"122","author":"White","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.12.006","article-title":"Glucocorticoids enhance airway epithelial barrier integrity","volume":"12","author":"Sekiyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.01100883","article-title":"Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids","volume":"1","author":"Lundgren","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120701425951","article-title":"Effect of inhalation of single dose of beclomethasone on airway epithelium","volume":"31","author":"Uhl\u00edk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrastruct Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1985.131.4.599","article-title":"Damage of the airway epithelium and bronchial reactivity in patients with asthma","volume":"131","author":"Laitinen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L52","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00104.2004","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone on Muc5ac mucin production by primary airway goblet cells","volume":"288","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01071.x","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids decrease vascularity of the bronchial mucosa in patients with asthma","volume":"31","author":"Hoshino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-710OC","article-title":"Vascular component of airway remodeling in asthma is reduced by high dose of fluticasone","volume":"167","author":"Chetta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.120951","article-title":"The Melbourne asthma study: 1964\u20131999","volume":"109","author":"Phelan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022363","article-title":"A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood","volume":"349","author":"Sears","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14406","article-title":"Therapeutic index of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma: a dose\u2013response comparison on airway hyperresponsiveness and adrenal axis suppression","volume":"87","author":"Daley-Yates","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.11.020","article-title":"Systemic side effects of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma","volume":"100","author":"Dahl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2019.03.005","article-title":"Long acting \u03b22-agonist's activation of cyclic AMP cannot halt ongoing mitogenic stimulation in airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"56","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13015","article-title":"Corticosteroid and long-acting \u03b2-agonist therapy reduces epithelial goblet cell metaplasia","volume":"47","author":"Lachowicz-Scroggins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.1.2006003","article-title":"Effect of a long-acting beta2-agonist over three months on airway wall vascular remodeling in asthma","volume":"164","author":"Orsida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03478.x","article-title":"Effect of tiotropium bromide on airway inflammation and remodelling in a mouse model of asthma","volume":"40","author":"Ohta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.05.005","article-title":"Effect of tiotropium bromide on airway remodeling in a chronic asthma model","volume":"109","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701247","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01247-2017","article-title":"The mode of action of anticholinergics in asthma","volume":"52","author":"Gosens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2016.37.3991","article-title":"Effects of the addition of tiotropium on airway dimensions in symptomatic asthma","volume":"37","author":"Hoshino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2018.1514047","article-title":"Comparison between montelukast and tiotropium as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids plus a long-acting \u03b22-agonist in for patients with asthma","volume":"56","author":"Hoshino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.1974","article-title":"Glycopyrrolate causes prolonged bronchoprotection and bronchodilatation in patients with asthma","volume":"128","author":"Hansel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.2.413","article-title":"Role of leukotriene D4 in allergen-induced increases in airway smooth muscle in the rat","volume":"148","author":"Wang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.1.2105051","article-title":"A role for cysteinyl leukotrienes in airway remodeling in a mouse asthma model","volume":"165","author":"Henderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2006.14","article-title":"The effects of low dose leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy on airway remodeling and cysteinyl leukotriene expression in a mouse asthma model","volume":"38","author":"Muz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.741","article-title":"Montelukast treatment attenuates the increase in myofibroblasts following low-dose allergen challenge","volume":"130","author":"Kelly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2017.10.007","article-title":"The leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast attenuates airway remodeling by suppressing TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"48","author":"Hur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0325OC","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis via phospholipase A2 group IV mediates exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and airway remodeling","volume":"63","author":"Ueno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877125","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.877125","article-title":"Effects of montelukast on arsenic-induced epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and the role of reactive oxygen species production in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1300","first-page":"421","article-title":"Effects of zileuton on airway smooth muscle remodeling after repeated allergen challenge in brown Norway rats","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Int Rev Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9706059","article-title":"The role of leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of asthma","volume":"157","author":"Horwitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1310","first-page":"1792","article-title":"Role of leukotrienes and leukotriene modifiers in asthma","volume":"3","author":"Montuschi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm Basel Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2016.37.3978","article-title":"Effect of montelukast on markers of airway remodeling in children with asthma","volume":"37","author":"Tenero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202698","article-title":"Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in severe asthma (AZISAST): a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Brusselle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00089407","article-title":"Azithromycin has an antiproliferative and autophagic effect on airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"34","author":"Stamatiou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2009.125","article-title":"Azithromycin reduces the viability of human bronchial smooth muscle cells","volume":"63","author":"Stamatiou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antibiot (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1335","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Azithromycin influences airway remodeling in asthma via the PI3K\/Akt\/MTOR\/HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF pathway","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.11.024","article-title":"Azithromycin ameliorates airway remodeling via inhibiting airway epithelium apoptosis","volume":"170","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-3478","article-title":"Azithromycin induces apoptosis in airway smooth muscle cells through mitochondrial pathway in a rat asthma model","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2015.12.002","article-title":"Long-term azithromycin ameliorates not only airway inflammation but also remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma","volume":"36","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14451","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14451","article-title":"Pharmacological ablation of the airway smooth muscle layer-mathematical predictions of functional improvement in asthma","volume":"8","author":"Donovan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.016","article-title":"Azithromycin ameliorates OVA-induced airway remodeling in Balb\/c mice via suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"58","author":"Pu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.08.024","article-title":"Roxithromycin inhibits VEGF-induced human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation: opportunities for the treatment of asthma","volume":"347","author":"Pei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-011-9331-0","article-title":"Azithromycin attenuates fibroblast growth factors induced vascular endothelial growth factor via p38(MAPK) signaling in human airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"67","author":"Willems-Widyastuti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106494","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on bronchial wall thickness in severe persistent asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"185","author":"Sadeghdoust","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136549","article-title":"Serum IgE induced airway smooth muscle cell remodeling is independent of allergens and is prevented by omalizumab","volume":"10","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056015","article-title":"The role of IgE-receptors in IgE-dependent airway smooth muscle cell remodelling","volume":"8","author":"Roth","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1159\/000334701","article-title":"Effects of adding omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, on airway wall thickening in asthma","volume":"83","author":"Hoshino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.06.004","article-title":"Comprehensive efficacy of omalizumab for severe refractory asthma: a time-series observational study","volume":"113","author":"Tajiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201202500217","article-title":"Omalizumab modulates bronchial reticular basement membrane thickness and eosinophil infiltration in severe persistent allergic asthma patients","volume":"25","author":"Riccio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2019.1585872","article-title":"Omalizumab may decrease the thickness of the reticular basement membrane and fibronectin deposit in the bronchial mucosa of severe allergic asthmatics","volume":"57","author":"Zastrze\u017cy\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3109\/02770901003801972","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of anti-immunoglobulin E antibodies on airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma","volume":"47","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01243.x","article-title":"Omalizumab decreases nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness in vitro","volume":"62","author":"Berger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000090387","article-title":"Effect of omalizumab on adenosine 5\u2032-monophosphate responsiveness in subjects with allergic asthma","volume":"139","author":"Prieto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808991","article-title":"Mepolizumab and exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma","volume":"360","author":"Haldar","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17974","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 treatment reduces deposition of ECM proteins in the bronchial subepithelial basement membrane of mild atopic asthmatics","volume":"112","author":"Flood-Page","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domvri K, Tsiouprou I, Bakakos P, Rovina N, Stiropoulos P, Voulgaris A, et al. Effect of Mepolizumab on airways remodeling in patients with late-onset severe eosinophilic asthma and fixed obstruction (preliminary data of the MESILICO study). Eur Respir J 62 (Suppl. 67). Available from: https:\/\/erj.ersjournals.com\/content\/62\/suppl_67\/OA3152 [accessed 19.5.24].","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2023.OA3152"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900930","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00930-2019","article-title":"Computational modelling prediction and clinical validation of impact of benralizumab on airway smooth muscle mass in asthma","volume":"54","author":"Chachi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.03.003","article-title":"Asthma control, airway mucus, and 129Xe MRI ventilation after a single benralizumab dose","volume":"162","author":"McIntosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.02.009","article-title":"CT mucus score and 129Xe MRI ventilation defects after 2.5 years\u2019 anti-IL-5R\u03b1 in eosinophilic asthma","volume":"164","author":"McIntosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1159\/000530392","article-title":"Effect of benralizumab on mucus plugs in severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"184","author":"Sakai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-789OC","article-title":"Eosinophil's role remains uncertain as anti-interleukin-5 only partially depletes numbers in asthmatic airway","volume":"167","author":"Flood-Page","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03496-6","article-title":"Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response","volume":"356","author":"Leckie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.028","article-title":"Eosinophil depletion with benralizumab is associated with attenuated mannitol airway hyperresponsiveness in severe uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma","volume":"151","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.10.037","article-title":"IL-13 and IL-4, but not IL-5 nor IL-17A, induce hyperresponsiveness in isolated human small airways","volume":"145","author":"Manson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.156091","article-title":"IL-4 and IL-13, not eosinophils, drive type 2 airway inflammation, remodeling and lung function decline","volume":"162","author":"Scott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2024.02.002","article-title":"Efficacy of dupilumab for airway hypersecretion and airway wall thickening in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma: a prospective, observational study","volume":"73","author":"Tajiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51268","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051268","article-title":"Neutralization of TSLP inhibits airway remodeling in a murine model of allergic asthma induced by chronic exposure to house dust mite","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00226-5","article-title":"Effect of tezepelumab on airway inflammatory cells, remodelling, and hyperresponsiveness in patients with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma (CASCADE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"9","author":"Diver","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101296","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01296-2021","article-title":"The effect of tezepelumab on airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol in asthma (UPSTREAM)","volume":"59","author":"Sverrild","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300135","article-title":"Tezepelumab and mucus plugs in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma","volume":"2","author":"Nordenmark","year":"2023","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.06.003","article-title":"Effect of sublingual immunotherapy on airway inflammation and airway wall thickness in allergic asthma","volume":"7","author":"Hoshino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao6451","article-title":"DP2 antagonism reduces airway smooth muscle mass in asthma by decreasing eosinophilia and myofibroblast recruitment","volume":"11","author":"Saunders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201410-1874OC","article-title":"Calcium channel blocker reduces airway remodeling in severe asthma. A proof-of-concept study","volume":"191","author":"Girodet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.02.022","article-title":"Secreted heat shock proteins control airway remodeling: evidence from bronchial thermoplasty","volume":"148","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201603-182LE","article-title":"Long-term effects of bronchial thermoplasty on airway smooth muscle and reticular basement membrane thickness in severe asthma","volume":"13","author":"Salem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1535","first-page":"1612","article-title":"Effects of bronchial thermoplasty on airway smooth muscle and collagen deposition in asthma","volume":"12","author":"Chakir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.035","article-title":"Airway wall extracellular matrix changes induced by bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma","volume":"153","author":"Wijsman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.009","article-title":"Effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty in patients with severe refractory asthma: clinical and histopathologic correlations","volume":"139","author":"Pretolani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900300","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00300-2019","article-title":"Bronchial thermoplasty decreases airway remodelling by blocking epithelium-derived heat shock protein-60 secretion and protein arginine methyltransferase-1 in fibroblasts","volume":"54","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.03.005","article-title":"Effect of bronchial thermoplasty on structural changes and inflammatory mediators in the airways of subjects with severe asthma","volume":"150","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201911-2298OC","article-title":"Bronchial thermoplasty induced airway smooth muscle reduction and clinical response in severe asthma. The TASMA randomized trial","volume":"203","author":"Goorsenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-1313-6","article-title":"Resistance of the respiratory system measured with forced oscillation technique (FOT) correlates with bronchial thermoplasty response","volume":"21","author":"Goorsenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13365","article-title":"Airway smooth muscle reduction after bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma correlates with FEV1","volume":"49","author":"d\u2019Hooghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13375","article-title":"Bronchodilator responsiveness as a predictor of success for bronchial thermoplasty","volume":"24","author":"Langton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007_bib1580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00024","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00024-2023","article-title":"The reduction of airway smooth muscle by bronchial thermoplasty stands the test of time","volume":"9","author":"Gagnon","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"}],"container-title":["Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300289624003673?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300289624003673?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T11:15:04Z","timestamp":1736853304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300289624003673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300289624003673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-2896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Airway Remodeling in Asthma: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}