{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:22:00Z","timestamp":1792740120514,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T23:20:33Z","timestamp":1756768833000},"page":"325-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["SEPAR and SEEN Consensus Document on Nutritional Assessment and Management in Patients with COPD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"de Miguel-D\u00edez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Pablo","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Llanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Marco","family":"Figueira-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Bret\u00f3n-Lesmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Torres-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Golpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia Covadonga","family":"Iglesias-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Antonio","family":"Amado-Diago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaiza","family":"Garc\u00eda-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaia","family":"Aramburu-Ojembarrena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Andreu-Gos\u00e1lbez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Cejudo-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Riestra-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183105","article-title":"Practical Guidelines by the Andalusian Group for Nutrition Reflection and Investiga-tion (GARIN) on nutritional management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review","volume":"16","author":"Justel Enr\u00edquez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.002","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition \u2013 a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"38","author":"Cederholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4746","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224746","article-title":"Validation of Asian body mass index cutoff values for the classification of malnutrition severity according to the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations","volume":"14","author":"Shirai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2022.107026","article-title":"Uncovering undernutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: beyond body mass index","volume":"205","author":"Stephenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.04.005","article-title":"Global prevalence of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S392070","article-title":"Factors associated with the non-exacerbator phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"18","author":"Bouhuis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0623-6","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition during acute exacerbation of COPD and after 6 months recovery","volume":"74","author":"Perrot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020369","article-title":"Malnutrition according to GLIM criteria is associated with mortality and hospitalizations in rehabilitation patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"13","author":"D\u00e1valos-Yerovi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031025","article-title":"Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\u2014a comparison of three screening tools used in the GLIM diagnostic algorithm","volume":"19","author":"Kalu\u017aniak-Szymanowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-01025-x","article-title":"AND-ASPEN and ESPEN consensus, and GLIM criteria for malnutrition identification in AECOPD patients: a longitudinal study comparing concurrent and predictive validity","volume":"76","author":"de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-02884-3","article-title":"The triad of physiological challenges: investigating the intersection of sarcopenia, malnutrition, and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome in patients with COPD \u2013 a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Yogesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"154","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0049-2019","article-title":"Sarcopenia in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Benz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074807","article-title":"Possible mechanisms underlying the development of cachexia in COPD","volume":"31","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0905","first-page":"285","article-title":"COPD patients\u2019 body composition and its impact on lung function: composition corporelle des patients atteints de BPCO et son impact sur la fonction respiratoire","volume":"99","author":"Mjid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S265676","article-title":"Effect of body mass index on lung function in chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S245617","article-title":"Exploration of N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolites associated with nutritional levels in patients with severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S222809","article-title":"Body composition of Filipino chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in relation to their lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life","volume":"14","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J COPD"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.08.67","article-title":"Body mass index of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with pulmonary function and exacerbations: a retrospective real world research","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04358","article-title":"Fat-free mass index for evaluating the nutritional status and disease severity in COPD","volume":"61","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0935","first-page":"325","article-title":"Mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) is useful for assessing the nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/782626","article-title":"Predictors\u2019 factors of nutritional status of male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"2012","author":"Pirabbasi","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0945","first-page":"105","article-title":"The relationships of serum prealbumin levels with parameters that indicate severity of disease and emphysema pattern in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"42","author":"Gocmen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0950","first-page":"68","article-title":"Nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients admitted in hospital with acute exacerbation","volume":"2","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0955","first-page":"CR528","article-title":"Nutritional status in relation to respiratory impairment and systemic inflammation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD","volume":"15","author":"Skyba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0960","first-page":"129","article-title":"Quality of life, forced expiratory volume in one second and body mass index in patients with COPD, during therapy for controlling the disease","volume":"30","author":"Stojkovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prilozi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.05.031","article-title":"Two components of the new ESPEN diagnostic criteria for malnutrition are independent predictors of lung function in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"37","author":"Ingadottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602708","article-title":"Nutritional depletion and its relationship to respiratory impairment in patients with chronic respiratory failure due to COPD or restrictive thoracic diseases","volume":"62","author":"Budweiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0975","first-page":"1408","article-title":"The relationship of dyspnea and disease severity with anthropometric indicators of malnutrition among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"34","author":"Baig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00051-2015","article-title":"Only severe COPD is associated with being underweight: Results from a population survey","volume":"2","author":"Eriksson","year":"2016","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2010.00629.x","article-title":"Clinical and inflammatory factors associated with body mass index in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Higashimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.3.9905023","article-title":"Influence of body weight on the severity of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"161","author":"Sahebjami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0995","first-page":"25","article-title":"Body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Gologanu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur)"},{"issue":"19\u201320","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12222","article-title":"Nutritional status, gender and marital status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Odencrants","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00934-2020","article-title":"Treatable traits in an english cohort: prevalence and predictors of future decline in lung function and quality of life in COPD","volume":"7","author":"Sarwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S278981","article-title":"Characteristics associated with accelerated lung function decline in a primary care population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Whittaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132078","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1132078","article-title":"Body mass index affects spirometry indices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-122","article-title":"Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort","volume":"11","author":"Agusti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-01907-1","article-title":"Association between body composition, sarcopenia and pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Luna","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1209-5","article-title":"BMI is associated with FEV1 decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2214","volume":"46","author":"Bernardes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parent Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.0829","article-title":"Tissue depletion and health related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"94","author":"Mostert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.12.020","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance phase angle relates to function, disease severity and prognosis in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"34","author":"Maddocks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.01.001","article-title":"Raw bioelectrical impedance analysis variables are independent predictors of early all-cause mortality in patients with COPD","volume":"155","author":"de Blasio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9711023","article-title":"Peripheral muscle weakness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"158","author":"Bernard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1159\/000511022","article-title":"Impact of body mass index change on the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.09.012","article-title":"Unintentional weight loss is reflected in worse one-year clinical outcomes among COPD outpatients","volume":"42","author":"Yde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2390","article-title":"Association of reduced BMI, length of hospital stay, mortality, and malnutrition diagnosis in patients with acute exacerbation COPD: a secondary analysis of a cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Bernardes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Parent Enter Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.06.006","article-title":"Prediction of prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure: a comparison of three nutritional assessment methods","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12088","article-title":"Malnutrition and obesity: influence in mortality and readmissions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"26","author":"Zapatero","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.04.009","article-title":"Nutritional status and long-term mortality in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"101","author":"Hallin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1460","article-title":"Prognostic value of nutritional depletion in patients with COPD treated by long-term oxygen therapy","volume":"123","author":"Chailleux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006-722OC","article-title":"Mortality and exacerbation risk by body mass index in patients with COPD in TIOSPIR and UPLIFT","volume":"19","author":"Putcha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9902115","article-title":"Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"160","author":"Landbo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00532002","article-title":"Prognostic value of weight change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"20","author":"Prescott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246850","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of COPD mortality in Uganda: a 2-year prospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Alupo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1154-3","article-title":"Relationship between gender and survival in a real-life cohort of patients with COPD","volume":"20","author":"Zysman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.09.014","article-title":"Malnutrition according to ESPEN consensus predicts hospitalizations and long-term mortality in rehabilitation patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"38","author":"Marco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2108","article-title":"Mid-arm muscle area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in COPD","volume":"128","author":"Soler-Catalu\u00f1a","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-004-0226-6","article-title":"Nutritional depletion in relation to mortality in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency treated with long-term oxygen therapy","volume":"116","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043892","article-title":"Body mass index and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2350","article-title":"Undernutrition is associated with mortality, exacerbation, and poorer quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Gattermann Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parent Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12463","article-title":"The prognostic significance of weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related cachexia: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Kwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Mus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1150","first-page":"79","article-title":"Body mass fat-free body mass, and prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from a random population sample","volume":"173","author":"Vestbo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.09.024","article-title":"Body composition by bioelectrical impedance predicts mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"99","author":"Slinde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.53","article-title":"Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"82","author":"Schols","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1159\/000353211","article-title":"Changes in body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: do they influence patient-related outcomes?","volume":"63","author":"Rutten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.164150","article-title":"Outcomes associated with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder requiring hospitalization","volume":"32","author":"Gaude","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2016.1224007","article-title":"Malnutrition screening in patients admitted to hospital with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its association with patient outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Law","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hosp Pract (1995)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000205960","article-title":"Nutritional state during COPD exacerbation: clinical and prognostic implications","volume":"54","author":"Gir\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.05.020","article-title":"Nutritional status, dietary energy intake and the risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"100","author":"Hallin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(11)70009-9","article-title":"Mini nutritional assessment, body composition, and hospitalisations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"105","author":"Benedik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12705","article-title":"Readmissions following an initial hospitalization by COPD exacerbation in Spain from 2006 to 2012","volume":"21","author":"De Miguel-D\u00edez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13453","article-title":"Body composition and micronutrient deficiencies in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"47","author":"Horadagoda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S238457","article-title":"Malnutrition, airflow limitation and severe emphysema are risks for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japanese subjects: a retrospective single-center study","volume":"15","author":"Yamaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J COPD"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1126-x","article-title":"The characteristics of the frequent exacerbator with chronic bronchitis phenotype and non-exacerbator phenotype in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis and system review","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12380","article-title":"Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form predicts exacerbation frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"19","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.09.017","article-title":"Both generic and disease specific health-related quality of life are deteriorated in patients with underweight COPD","volume":"99","author":"Katsura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1225","first-page":"342","article-title":"The effect of body mass index on functional parameters and quality of life in COPD patients","volume":"55","author":"Salep\u00e7i","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2012.02.010","article-title":"Association of body mass index with exercise cardiopulmonary responses in lung function-matched patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"41","author":"Lan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2011.560130","article-title":"Co-morbidity, body mass index and quality of life in COPD using the clinical COPD questionnaire","volume":"8","author":"Sundh","year":"2011","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.2021.00170","article-title":"Effect of malnutrition and body composition on the quality of life of COPD patients","volume":"108","author":"Fekete","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-13-34","article-title":"Bayesian predic-tors of very poor health related quality of life and mortality in patients with COPD","volume":"13","author":"Ryyn\u00e4nen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.12.025","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and body mass index in five Latin America cities: the PLATINO study","volume":"102","author":"Montes de Oca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1255","first-page":"3101486","article-title":"The nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbators","volume":"2022","author":"R\u00f4lo Silvestre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010000600007","article-title":"Nutritional status is related to fat-free mass, exercise capacity and inspiratory strength in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"65","author":"Sabino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics (SaoPaulo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1265","article-title":"Factors associated with impairment of quadriceps muscle function in Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Chunrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.03.008","article-title":"Body composition and resting energy expenditure in elderly male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"100","author":"Sergi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1275","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Thai COPD patients","volume":"95","author":"Rittayamai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4232","article-title":"Risk factors for osteoporosis in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwan","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4314-7","article-title":"Independent association of bone mineral density and trabecular bone score to vertebral fracture in male subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"29","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteopor Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.06.036","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis in individuals with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1295","first-page":"13","article-title":"Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form as screening tool for osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"32","author":"Fujita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.6.1248","article-title":"Energy balance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"143","author":"Schols","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.02090840","article-title":"Energy expenditure and rib cage-abdominal motion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2","author":"Fitting","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.2.385","article-title":"Oxygen consumption of the respiratory muscles in normal and in malnourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"140","author":"Donahoe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542132","article-title":"The daily energy expenditure in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"153","author":"Hugli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(94)91129-0","article-title":"Developing an effective adult nutrition screening tool for a community hospital","volume":"10","author":"Elmore","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(01)00163-8","article-title":"Screening method evaluated by nutritional status measurements can be used to detect malnourishment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"101","author":"Thorsdottir","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclnm.2010.10.003","article-title":"The scored patient-generated subjective global assessment is an effective nutrition assessment tool in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"6","author":"Bauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"e-SPEN"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12402","article-title":"Nutritional status of Vietnamese outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"30","author":"Hogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00279602","article-title":"Bedside methods versus dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition measurement in COPD","volume":"19","author":"Steiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061798","article-title":"Body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: which method to use in clinical practice?","volume":"96","author":"Lerario","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12040960","article-title":"New bioelectrical impedance formula for patients with respiratory insufficiency: comparison to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"12","author":"Kyle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1355","article-title":"Body composition by X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance in chronic respiratory insufficiency patients","volume":"11-12","author":"Pichard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01499.x","article-title":"Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the method of choice to assess body composition in COPD","volume":"14","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.2.421","article-title":"Body composition by bioeletrical impedance analysis compared with deuterium dilution and skinfold anthropometry in patients with COPD","volume":"53","author":"Schols","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_37_17","article-title":"Validation of fat-free mass estimation using prediction equations in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"7","author":"Srigiripura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2011007500024","article-title":"Anthropometric midarm measurements can detect systemic fat-free mass depletion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"44","author":"Sanchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1380","first-page":"63P","article-title":"Anthropometric determination of leg fat and muscle plus bone volumes in young male and female adults","volume":"204","author":"Jones","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507886399","article-title":"Clinical value of anthropometric estimates of leg lean volume in nutritionally depleted and non-depleted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"100","author":"Villa\u00e7a","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070052","article-title":"Estimation of thigh muscle mass with magnetic resonance imaging in older adults and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"88","author":"Mathur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1.93","article-title":"Distribution of muscle mass and maximal exercise performance in patients with COPD","volume":"119","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2010.09.008","article-title":"MRI-based 3D shape analysis of thigh muscles: patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus healthy adults","volume":"18","author":"HajGhanbari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107031","article-title":"Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"166","author":"Marquis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.01.001","article-title":"The added value of ultrasound muscle measurements in patients with COPD: an exploratory study","volume":"30","author":"Nijholt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00170111","article-title":"Quadriceps wasting and physical inactivity in patients with COPD","volume":"40","author":"Shrikrishna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-018-0130-7","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of rectus femoris muscle in rehabilitation patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screened for sarcopenia: correlation of muscle size with quadriceps strength and fat-free mass","volume":"10","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Fuentes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S168963","article-title":"Ectopic adiposity and cardiometabolic health in COPD","volume":"13","author":"Coats","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J COPD"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2020.1808604","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability of handgrip strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"17","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2020","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.10.002","article-title":"Measuring muscle strength for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: retest reliability of hand-held dynamometry","volume":"88","author":"O'Shea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz059","article-title":"Fixed handheld dynamometry provides reliable and valid values for quadriceps isometric strength in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter study","volume":"99","author":"Bui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.05.004","article-title":"Interobserver reliability of peripheral muscle strength tests and short physical performance battery in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective observational study","volume":"97","author":"Medina-Mirapeix","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972316687210","article-title":"Validity and reliability of strain gauge measurement of volitional quadriceps force in patients with COPD","volume":"14","author":"Machado Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab057","article-title":"Handgrip strength in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Holden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207451","article-title":"Handgrip weakness and mortality risk in COPD: a multicentre analysis","volume":"71","author":"Burtin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.062026","article-title":"Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"62","author":"Swallow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1470","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Is dynamometry able to infer the risk of muscle mass loss in patients with COPD?","volume":"10","author":"Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.3.733","article-title":"Skeletal muscle weakness is associated with wasting of extremity fat-free mass but not with airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"71","author":"Engelen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.11.903","article-title":"Inspiratory and skeletal muscle strength and endurance and diaphragmatic activation in patients with chronic airflow limitation","volume":"44","author":"Newell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.3.8630582","article-title":"Peripheral muscle weakness contributes to exercise limitation in COPD","volume":"153","author":"Gosselink","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2490\/prm.20210008","article-title":"Functionally relevant threshold of quadriceps muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"6","author":"Iwakura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203576","article-title":"The five-repetition sit-to-stand test as a functional outcome measure in COPD","volume":"68","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1.256","article-title":"A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk tests used in the cardiorespiratory domain","volume":"119","author":"Solway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1850276","article-title":"Functional tests associated with sarcopenia in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Lage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213608","article-title":"Balance impairment in individuals with COPD: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Loughran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1.119","article-title":"Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a 2-min walk test to assess exercise capacity of COPD patients","volume":"130","author":"Leung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"169","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0013-2023","article-title":"Performance-based outcome measures to assess functionality in hospitalised patients with COPD exacerbations: a systematic review of the measurement properties","volume":"32","author":"Leonardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-8-63","article-title":"The relationship between C-reactive protein and prognostic factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1530","first-page":"735","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 blood levels\u2019 poor association with the severity and clinical profile of ex-smokers with COPD","volume":"9","author":"de Moraes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J COPD"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020269","article-title":"Serum albumin concentrations in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Zinellu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13464","article-title":"Blood biomarkers associated with acute type II respiratory failure in COPD: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522000976","article-title":"Increased energy and\/or protein intake improves anthropometry and muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomised controlled clinical trials","volume":"129","author":"Bernardes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab077","article-title":"Nutrition as a modifiable factor in the onset and progression of pulmonary function impairment in COPD: a systematic review","volume":"80","author":"Van Iersel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2015-0021","article-title":"Nutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review","volume":"3","author":"Rawal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Int Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0373ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"189","author":"Maltais","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.04.023","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: on cardiology and pneumology","volume":"28","author":"Anker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S323736","article-title":"Effects of nutritional interventions in individuals with chronic obstructive lung disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Furulund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04100","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.04100","article-title":"Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on COPD and asthma control: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02722-w","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrient supplements for treating sarcopenia in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107498","article-title":"Dietary nitrate supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in patients with COPD: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and a network pharmacological analysis","volume":"222","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.08.004","article-title":"Functional and metabolic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and the role of \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate addition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"43","author":"Engelen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.08.031","article-title":"Reduced mortality risk in malnourished hospitalized older adult patients with COPD treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: sub-group analysis of the NOURISH study","volume":"40","author":"Deutz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.03.001","article-title":"Clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of a 1-year nutritional intervention programme in COPD patients with low muscle mass: the randomized controlled NUTRAIN trial","volume":"39","author":"van Beers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12219","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial investigating the efficacy of targeted nutrition as adjunct to exercise training in COPD","volume":"8","author":"van de Bool","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Mus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1610","first-page":"776","article-title":"Estado nutricional y funcional en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructive cr\u00f3nica: efectos de la suplementaci\u00f3n nutricional oral (estudio OFOS)","volume":"34","author":"Benito Mart\u00ednez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.07.001","article-title":"Effect of anti-inflammatory supplementation with whey peptide and exercise therapy in patients with COPD","volume":"106","author":"Sugawara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib1620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01466-1","article-title":"Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.103986","article-title":"Ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris cross-sectional area and the relationship with quadriceps strength in COPD","volume":"64","author":"Seymour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bibe0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-10-31","article-title":"Low Serum retinol-binding protein-4 levels in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at intensive care unit admission is a predictor of mortality in elderly patients","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bibe0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.02.012","article-title":"Serum ghrelin and adiponectin levels are increased but serum leptin level is unchanged in low weight Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients","volume":"25","author":"Uzum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bibe0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1159\/000354191","article-title":"Circulating leptin concentrations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bibe0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201408-351OC","article-title":"Lower leptin\/adiponectin ratio and risk of rapid lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bibe0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000494296","article-title":"The ratio serum creatinine\/serum cystatin C (a surrogate marker of muscle mass) as a predictor of hospitalization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients","volume":"97","author":"Amado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bibe0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13310","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbation of COPD","volume":"15","author":"Lokesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009_bibe0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.018","article-title":"A low postabsorptive whole body protein balance is associated with markers of poor daily physical functioning in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"41","author":"Cruthirds","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300289625003072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300289625003072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:49:14Z","timestamp":1777754954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300289625003072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300289625003072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-2896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"SEPAR and SEEN Consensus Document on Nutritional Assessment and Management in Patients with COPD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archivos de Bronconeumolog\u00eda","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arbres.2025.08.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}