{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:06:19Z","timestamp":1778029579515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1255681179000},"page":"39-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"S","title":["CLOCK DRAWING INTERPRETATION SCALE (CDIS) AND NEURO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD AND MODERATE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Colombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.F.","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Malnati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Guaita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr514oa","article-title":"A comparative study of Mini-Mental Test, Clock Drawing task and Cognitive-FIM in evaluating functional outcome of elderly hip fracture patients","volume":"16","author":"Adunsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06701.x","article-title":"Effect of education on the clock-drawing dementia screen in non-demented elderly persons","volume":"41","author":"Ainslie","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324425","article-title":"Variability of Trail Making Test, Symbol Digit test and Line Trait Test in normal people. A normative study taking into account age-dependent decline and sociobiological variables","volume":"14","author":"Amodio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib4","first-page":"189","article-title":"Raven's coloured progressive matrices: normative values on 305 adult normal controls","volume":"2","author":"Basso","year":"1987","journal-title":"Funct. Neural."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988708324939","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Clock Drawing Test; the relevance of \u201ctime setting\u201d in screening for dementia","volume":"21","author":"Berger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52313.x","article-title":"Clock drawing, clock reading, clock setting, and judgement of clock faces in elderly people with dementia and depression","volume":"52","author":"Bodner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390701346113","article-title":"Do age and education contribute to performance on the clock drawing test? Normative data for the Greek population","volume":"30","author":"Bozikas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90076-L","article-title":"Estimating the reliability of continuous measures with Cronbach's alpha or the intraclass correlation coefficient: toward the integration of two traditions","volume":"44","author":"Bravo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617799566034","article-title":"Brain structural and cognitive correlates of clock drawing performance in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Cahn-Weiner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1159\/000117297","article-title":"The Mental Deterioration Battery: normative data, diagnostic reliability and qualitative analyses of cognitive impairment","volume":"36","author":"Carlesimo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2004.04.016","article-title":"Preventive-comprehensive assessment (PCA): a new screening method for subclinical cognitive problems","volume":"9","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(75)80026-8","article-title":"Verbal and non-verbal short term memory impairment following hemispheric damage","volume":"11","author":"De Renzi","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb04543.x","article-title":"Clock drawing test in very mild Alzheimer's disease","volume":"46","author":"Esteban-Santillan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01403.x","article-title":"Does the Clock Drawing Test predict cognitive decline in older persons independent of the Mini-Mental State Examination? The FINE Study Group. Finland, Italy, The Netherlands Elderly","volume":"44","author":"Ferrucci","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06385.x","article-title":"A simple model for predicting postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery","volume":"43","author":"Fisher","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatric Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.40069.x","article-title":"Drawing clocks and driving cars","volume":"20","author":"Freund","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200007)15:7<638::AID-GPS166>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Comparison of a clock drawing test in elderly schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease patients: a preliminary study","volume":"15","author":"Heinik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.616","article-title":"Clock drawing test in mild and moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a comparative and correlation study","volume":"17","author":"Heinik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2190\/5QA5-PHUN-1Q9F-C0PB","article-title":"Clock tests in depression, Alzheimer's disease, and elderly controls","volume":"28","author":"Herrmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879901200209","article-title":"Correlation between the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination and three methods of clock drawing scoring","volume":"12","author":"Juby","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib22","first-page":"859","article-title":"The value of clock drawing in identifying executive cognitive dysfunction in people with a normal Mini-Mental State Examination score","volume":"167","author":"Juby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Canad. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.01.010","article-title":"Relation between the clock drawing test (CDT) and structural changes of brain in dementia","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.445","article-title":"The clock drawing test in primary care: sensitivity in dementia detection and specificity against normal and depressed elderly","volume":"16","author":"Kirby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704269820","article-title":"The Clock Drawing Test as a measure of executive dysfunction in elderly depressed patients","volume":"17","author":"Koo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6177(95)00026-7","article-title":"Further analysis of clock drawing among demented and non demented older subjects","volume":"11","author":"Libon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199905)14:5<325::AID-GPS904>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Factors affecting the results of the clock drawing test in elderly patients hospitalized for physical rehabilitation","volume":"14","author":"Lieberman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199906)14:6<454::AID-GPS951>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Ten-point clock test sensitivity for Alzheimer's disease in patients with MMSE scores greater than 23","volume":"14","author":"Manos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01796.x","article-title":"Development of scoring criteria for the Clock Drawing Task in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"40","author":"Mendez","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.600","article-title":"Ten-point clock test: a correlation analysis with other neuropsychological tests in dementia","volume":"17","author":"Moretti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0506","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction is associated with poor diabetes control in older adults","volume":"29","author":"Munshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000084710","article-title":"Neural correlates of impaired performance on Clock Drawing Test in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Nagahama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.898","article-title":"The clock drawing test is a poor screen for very mild dementia","volume":"59","author":"Powlishta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000168877.06011.15","article-title":"Subcortical vascular dementia. Integrating neuropsychological and neuroradiologic data","volume":"65","author":"Price","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1159\/000072815","article-title":"The clock-drawing test in elderly Italian community dwellers: associations with sociodemographic status and risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Ravaglia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324625","article-title":"Screening for mild cognitive impairment in elderly ambulatory patients with cognitive complaints","volume":"17","author":"Ravaglia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50024.x","article-title":"A comparison of scoring protocols on the Clock Drawing Test in relation to ease of use, diagnostic groups, and correlations with Mini-Mental State Examination","volume":"50","author":"Richardson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0579.2003.00216.x","article-title":"Validation of the five-item Geriatric Depression Scale in elderly subjects in three different settings","volume":"51","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.588","article-title":"Clox: an executive clock drawing task","volume":"64","author":"Royall","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neural. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.8.1059","article-title":"An empiric approach to level of care determinations: the importance of executive measures","volume":"60A","author":"Royall","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1990","article-title":"Clock-drawing potentially mediates the effect of depression on mortality: replication in three cohorts","volume":"23","author":"Royall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.17.4.533","article-title":"The Clock drawing test: diagnostic, functional, and neuroimaging correlates in older medically ill adults","volume":"17","author":"Samton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.585","article-title":"Psychometric properties of Clock Drawing Test and MMSE or Short Performance Test (SKT) in dementia screening in a memory clinic population","volume":"17","author":"Schramm","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51516.x","article-title":"Influence of executive function on locomotor function: divided attention increases gait variability in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"51","author":"Sheridan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317507304744","article-title":"Can you have dementia with an MMSE score of 30? Am","volume":"22","author":"Shiroky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Dem."},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Italian standardisation and classification of neuropsychological tests","author":"The Italian Group on the Neuropsychological Study of Ageing","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ital. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umidi, S., Trimarchi, P.D., Corsi, M., Luzzatti, C, Annoni, G. (2009): Clock drawing test in the screening of mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., this volume.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.033"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1143","article-title":"Scoring clock tests for dementia screening: a comparison of two scoring methods","volume":"19","author":"Van der Burg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000131895","article-title":"Clock-drawing test performance in the normal elderly and its dependence on age and education","volume":"60","author":"Von Gunten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02234.x","article-title":"Screening for Alzheimer's disease by clock drawing","volume":"37","author":"Wolf-Klein","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00658.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment subtypes and vascular dementia in community-dwelling elderly people: a 3-year follow-up study","volume":"54","author":"Zanetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."}],"container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494309002118?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494309002118?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T05:41:16Z","timestamp":1558590076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167494309002118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0167494309002118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4943","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}