{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:16:24Z","timestamp":1784567784324,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZRPG3C0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZRPG3C0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3C0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3C0011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3C0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3C0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3C0171-CORPG3C0172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3C0171-CORPG3C0172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3C0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3C0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T11:48:48Z","timestamp":1528717728000},"page":"165-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Which obesity index is the best predictor for high cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and elderly population?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Kai-Ting","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Hua","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chung","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-An","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chung","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Shiang","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9195-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jau-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000147","article-title":"Cardiac effects of obesity: Pathophysiologic, clinical, and prognostic consequences-a review","volume":"36","author":"Alpert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825","article-title":"Visceral adiposity index: A reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk","volume":"33","author":"Amato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801865","article-title":"Threshold values of visceral fat measures and their anthropometric alternatives for metabolic derangement in Japanese obese boys","volume":"26","author":"Asayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.10.016","article-title":"Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity to cardiovascular disease","volume":"56","author":"Bastien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.12.1132","article-title":"Metabolic implications of body fat distribution","volume":"14","author":"Bj\u00f6rntorp","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0030","series-title":"Clinical evaluation of the obese patient","author":"Bray","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910073411501","article-title":"Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults","volume":"341","author":"Calle","year":"1999","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","article-title":"General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care","volume":"117","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Framingham Heart Study"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.08.003","article-title":"The impact of obesity on risk factors and prevalence and prognosis of coronary heart disease-the obesity paradox","volume":"56","author":"De Schutter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e31828254fc","article-title":"Correlation and discrepancies between obesity by body mass index and body fat in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"33","author":"De Schutter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328363bcca","article-title":"Obesity paradox and the heart: Which indicator of obesity best describes this complex relationship?","volume":"16","author":"De Schutter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.013","article-title":"Relation of body fat categories by gallagher classification and by continuous variables to mortality in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"111","author":"De Schutter","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.11.1197","article-title":"Profile for estimating risk of heart failure","volume":"159","author":"Kannel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0070","first-page":"927","article-title":"The obesity paradox in heart failure: Is it all about fitness, fat, or sex?","volume":"3","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC: Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0075","first-page":"93","article-title":"Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis in heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Lavie","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC: Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307966","article-title":"Body composition and the obesity paradox in coronary heart disease: Can heavier really be healthier?","volume":"101","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.022","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular diseases: Implications regarding fitness, fatness, and severity in the obesity paradox","volume":"63","author":"Lavie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00031-6","article-title":"Body composition and prognosis in chronic systolic heart failure: The obesity paradox","volume":"91","author":"Lavie","year":"2003","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802040","article-title":"Optimal cut-off values for obesity: Using simple anthropometric indices to predict cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan","volume":"26","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.44","article-title":"Intermittent claudication","volume":"96","author":"Murabito","year":"1997","journal-title":"A Risk Profile From The Framingham Heart Study"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jicc.2013.11.001","article-title":"Measurement of body fat percentage and visceral fat rating using bioelectrical impedance analysis in coronary artery disease patients and its associations with aggressive lipid lowering treatment","volume":"4","author":"Puri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Indian College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1357","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001357","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and association with atherosclerosis risk factors: The Uberl\u00e2ndia Heart Study","volume":"95","author":"Roever","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm243","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of body mass index to detect obesity in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"28","author":"Romero-Corral","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.2.451","article-title":"A new simple method for the measurement of visceral fat accumulation by bioelectrical impedance","volume":"28","author":"Ryo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0125","first-page":"174821","article-title":"Body composition indices and predicted cardiovascular disease risk profile among urban dwellers in malaysia","volume":"2015","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.05.011","article-title":"Obesity paradox in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease","volume":"120","author":"Uretsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.3.312","article-title":"Probability of stroke: A risk profile from the Framingham study","volume":"22","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.01.013","article-title":"A risk score predicted coronary heart disease and stroke in a Chinese cohort","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016749431830116X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016749431830116X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:05:02Z","timestamp":1759089902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016749431830116X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S016749431830116X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4943","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Which obesity index is the best predictor for high cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and elderly population?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}