{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:15:19Z","timestamp":1777544119857,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#108751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#108751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]],"date-time":"2019-03-06T16:19:24Z","timestamp":1551889164000},"page":"266-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender differences in four-year incidence of self-reported and performance-based functional disability: The International Mobility in Aging Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3672-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Auais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Rosendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8063-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen-Lucia","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Guralnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0827-2804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Victoria","family":"Zunzunegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264317704750","article-title":"Health behaviors and chronic conditions mediate the protective effects of masculinity for physical performance in older adults","volume":"30","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980816000404","article-title":"Bem sex role inventory validation in the international mobility in aging study","volume":"35","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian Journal on Aging = La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00463-8","article-title":"Tiredness in daily activities among nondisabled old people as determinant of onset of disability","volume":"55","author":"Avlund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31820d9295","article-title":"Disability in the oldest-old: Incidence and risk factors in the 90+ study","volume":"20","author":"Berlau","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0025","first-page":"371","article-title":"The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS): Scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application. North American orthopaedic rehabilitation research network","volume":"79","author":"Binkley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52570.x","article-title":"Incidence of loss of ability to walk 400 meters in a functionally limited older population","volume":"52","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx153","article-title":"A comparison of self-report indices of major mobility disability to failure on the 400-m walk test: The LIFE study","volume":"73","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2004.00004.x","article-title":"Chronic medical conditions as predictors of functional disability in an older population in Taiwan","volume":"23","author":"Chiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Australasian Journal on Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2307\/1973655","article-title":"Understanding morbidity change","volume":"18","author":"Christopher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.06.006","article-title":"Gender, health and theory: Conceptualizing the issue, in local and world perspective","volume":"74","author":"Connell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/52B.2.S59","article-title":"Further evidence on recent trends in the prevalence and incidence of disability among older Americans from two sources: The LSOA and the NHIS","volume":"52","author":"Crimmins","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2012.00920.x","article-title":"Using the Short Physical Performance Battery to screen for frailty in young-old adults with distinct socioeconomic conditions","volume":"13","author":"da Camara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.947","article-title":"Validation of a short cognitive tool for the screening of dementia in elderly people with low educational level","volume":"18","author":"de Y\u00e9benes","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.3.378","article-title":"Disability in activities of daily living: Patterns of change and a hierarchy of disability","volume":"87","author":"Dunlop","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M123","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/51A.3.M123","article-title":"Progressive versus catastrophic disability: A longitudinal view of the disablement process","volume":"51","author":"Ferrucci","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs099","article-title":"Performance-based physical function in older community-dwelling persons: A systematic review of instruments","volume":"41","author":"Freiberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312438551","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the short physical performance battery in two diverse older adult populations in Quebec and Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Freire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M43","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.1.M43","article-title":"Preclinical mobility disability predicts incident mobility disability in older women","volume":"55","author":"Fried","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy074","article-title":"Cohort profile: The international mobility in aging study (IMIAS)","author":"Gomez","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v44i3.1181","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): A pilot study on mobility in the Colombian Andes","volume":"44","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colombia Medica (Cali, Colombia)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.532","article-title":"Waist circumference as a predictor of disability among older adults","volume":"15","author":"Guallar-Castill\u00f3n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012339","article-title":"Experiences of violence across life course and its effects on mobility among participants in the International Mobility in Aging Study","volume":"6","author":"Guedes","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320902","article-title":"Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability","volume":"332","author":"Guralnik","year":"1995","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85","article-title":"A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission","volume":"49","author":"Guralnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000115004","article-title":"Explaining the effect of gender on functional transitions in older persons","volume":"54","author":"Hardy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.6.698","article-title":"Longitudinal study of physical ability in the oldest-old","volume":"79","author":"Harris","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbs066","article-title":"Differences in self-reported physical limitation among older women and men in Ismailia, Egypt","volume":"67","author":"Khadr","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/55.1.S41","article-title":"Sex differences in the prevalence of mobility disability in old age: The dynamics of incidence, recovery, and mortality","volume":"55","author":"Leveille","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0145","first-page":"106","article-title":"Gender differences in disability: Evidence and underlying reasons","volume":"12","author":"Leveille","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aging (Milan, Italy)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.2.277","article-title":"Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults","volume":"12","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02858.x","article-title":"Gender disparities in self-reported physical functioning: True differences, reporting Bias, or incomplete adjustment for confounding?","volume":"58","author":"Louie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv101","article-title":"Assessing walking activity in older adults: Development and validation of a novel computer-animated assessment tool","volume":"70","author":"Marsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-598","article-title":"The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Mechakra-Tahiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M19","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/52A.1.M19","article-title":"Gender differences in the comparison of self-reported disability and performance measures","volume":"52","author":"Merrill","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024768","article-title":"Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: Moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms","volume":"137","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.8.1406","article-title":"Gender differences in physical disability among an elderly cohort","volume":"94","author":"Murtagh","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0376-1","article-title":"Comparison of self-reported and performance-based measures of functional ability in elderly patients in an emergency department: Implications for selection of clinical outcome measures","volume":"16","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0190","article-title":"Lifecourse adversity and telomere length in older women from Northeast Brazil","volume":"19","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010088","article-title":"Do elderly women have more physical disability than men do?","volume":"150","author":"Oman","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2013.06.007","article-title":"Gender differences in cognitive impairment and mobility disability in old age: A cross-sectional study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","volume":"57","author":"Onadja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5616","article-title":"Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: The life study randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Pahor","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M28","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.1.M28","article-title":"Gender differences in functioning for older adults in rural Bangladesh. The impact of differential reporting?","volume":"55","author":"Rahman","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S464","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009001500011","article-title":"Gender and incidence of functional disability in the elderly: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cadernos de Saude Publica"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01852.x","article-title":"The dynamics of disability and functional change in an elderly cohort: Results from the alameda county study","volume":"40","author":"Strawbridge","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnq013","article-title":"Mobility in older adults: A comprehensive framework","volume":"50","author":"Webber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.096","article-title":"Clinically relevant depression in old age: An international study with populations from Canada, Latin America and Eastern Europe","volume":"241","author":"Ylli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2005.0009","article-title":"Differences in disability among older women and men in Egypt and Tunisia","volume":"42","author":"Yount","year":"2005","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264310385454","article-title":"Gender differences in physical disability among older adults in underprivileged communities in Lebanon","volume":"23","author":"Zeki Al Hazzouri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.06.005","article-title":"The mobility gap between older men and women: The embodiment of gender","volume":"61","author":"Zunzunegui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494319300585?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494319300585?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T09:36:03Z","timestamp":1606642563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167494319300585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0167494319300585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4943","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender differences in four-year incidence of self-reported and performance-based functional disability: The International Mobility in Aging Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}