{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:35:29Z","timestamp":1790109329078,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007312","name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005694","name":"Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T06:04:29Z","timestamp":1606457069000},"page":"104302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hearing impairment is associated with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Saji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuma","family":"Makizako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Tabira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Obuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Murotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Toba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasue","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45\u221250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.05.025","article-title":"The role of social frailty in explaining the association between hearing problems and mild cognitive impairment in older adults","volume":"78","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101\u2212105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.04.001","article-title":"Association between self-reported hearing impairment, use of a hearing aid and performance of instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"83","author":"Borda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451\u22121454","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51465.x","article-title":"The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: Validation in a population-based sample","volume":"51","author":"Borson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0025","first-page":"21\u221228","article-title":"Aging, cognitive decline and hearing loss: Effects of auditory rehabilitation and training with hearing aids and cochlear implants on cognitive function and depression among older adults","volume":"21","author":"Castiglione","year":"2016","journal-title":"Audiology and Neurotology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103941","article-title":"Stages of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease can be differentiated by declines in timed up and go test: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"de Oliveira Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu333","article-title":"Hearing impairment and cognitive decline: A pilot study conducted within the atherosclerosis risk in communities neurocognitive study","volume":"181","author":"Deal","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0006","first-page":"703\u2212709","article-title":"Hearing impairment and incident dementia and cognitive decline in older adults: The Health ABC study","volume":"72","author":"Deal","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0017","first-page":"189\u2212198","article-title":"\u2018Mini-mental state\u2019. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0016","unstructured":"Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Long-term care, health and welfare services for the elderly. (2020). http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english Accessed 14 September 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161\u2212168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.04.014","article-title":"Does poor sleep impair cognition during aging? Longitudinal associations between changes in sleep duration and cognitive performance among older Mexican adults","volume":"83","author":"Gildner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217\u2212228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2015.10.015","article-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation of hearing aid fitting (2010)","volume":"43","author":"Kodera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0009","first-page":"293\u2212299","article-title":"Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults","volume":"173","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103907","article-title":"Hearing loss is a risk factor of disability in older adults: A systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"10113","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673\u22122734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care","volume":"390","author":"Livingston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0011","first-page":"115\u2212126","article-title":"Association of age-related hearing loss with cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Loughrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15363","article-title":"Longitudinal relationship between hearing aid use and cognitive function in older Americans","volume":"66","author":"Maharani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76\u221280","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13571","article-title":"Associations of social frailty with loss of muscle mass and muscle weakness among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"19","author":"Makizako","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-H-18-0077","article-title":"Hearing loss treatment in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Mamo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104119","article-title":"Effects of social isolation, loneliness and frailty on health outcomes and their possible mediators and moderators in community-dwelling older adults: A scoping review","volume":"90","author":"Mehrabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223\u2212230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.05.003","article-title":"The effects of different types of physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in frail institutionalized older adults with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Mollinedo Cardalda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695\u2212699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75\u221280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.004","article-title":"Hearing-impaired elderly people have smaller social networks: A population-based aging study","volume":"83","author":"Ogawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0024","first-page":"876\u2212882","article-title":"Association of cognition and age-related hearing impairment in the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"144","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0013","series-title":"WHO guidelines","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290\u2212297","DOI":"10.1159\/000492203","article-title":"Progression of hearing loss in the aging population: Repeated auditory measurements in the Rotterdam study","volume":"23","author":"Rigters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Audiology and Neurotology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331\u2212337","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.918195","article-title":"Functional independence measure scores predict level of long-term care required by patients after stroke: A multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Saji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0003","article-title":"Protective effects of oral anticoagulants on cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation: Protocol for a multicentre, prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study (Strawberry study)","volume":"8","author":"Saji","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38218-7","article-title":"Analysis of the relationship between the gut microbiome and dementia: A cross-sectional study conducted in Japan","volume":"9","author":"Saji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661\u2212662","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30009-6","article-title":"Orange\u2019s challenge: Developing wide-ranging dementia research in Japan","volume":"15","author":"Saji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438\u22121443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.02.021","article-title":"Poor social network, not living alone, is associated with incidence of adverse health outcomes in older adults","volume":"20","author":"Sakurai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010254","article-title":"The Effect of hearing aid use on cognition in older adults: Can we delay decline or even improve cognitive function?","volume":"9","author":"Sarant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548\u2212561","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200006)15:6<548::AID-GPS242>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Clock-drawing: Is it the ideal cognitive screening test?","volume":"15","author":"Shulman","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327\u22122334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4471-5","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss and dementia: A 10-year national population- based study","volume":"274","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69\u221279","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.65","article-title":"Hearing loss as a risk factor for dementia: A systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00319","article-title":"Smaller hippocampal volume and degraded peripheral hearing among Japanese community dwellers","volume":"10","author":"Uchida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00201","article-title":"The longitudinal impact of hearing impairment on cognition differs according to cognitive domain","volume":"8","author":"Uchida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1\u22129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.08.010","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline\u2013The potential mechanisms linking the two","volume":"46","author":"Uchida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092850","article-title":"Association of the qualitative clock drawing test with progression to dementia in non-demented older adults","volume":"9","author":"Umegaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0028","series-title":"Wechsler memory scale-revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233\u2212239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2779-3","article-title":"Hearing impairment and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494320302995?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494320302995?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:08:11Z","timestamp":1759090091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167494320302995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0167494320302995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4943","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hearing impairment is associated with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104302","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104302"}}