{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:11:19Z","timestamp":1789668679422,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001249","name":"University of Tasmania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:21:10Z","timestamp":1768350070000},"page":"106146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tongue strength and cognitive decline in older adults: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9823-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Getachew Yideg","family":"Yitbarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5456-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Alty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7587-9051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eddy","family":"Roccati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Lawler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8217-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynette R.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01513-9","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of plasma pTau(217), pTau(181), Abeta(1-42) and Abeta(1-40) in the LUMIPULSE automated platform for the detection of Alzheimer disease","volume":"16","author":"Arranz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Bathina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Science : AMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2022.104647","article-title":"Tongue muscle mass is associated with total grey matter and hippocampal volumes in Dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"100","author":"Borda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/520258","article-title":"The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases","author":"Brandt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12124","article-title":"Tongue strength is associated with jumping mechanography performance and handgrip strength but not with classic functional tests in older adults","volume":"61","author":"Buehring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.068","article-title":"Objective measures of the frailty syndrome (hand grip strength and gait speed) and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review","volume":"215","author":"Chainani","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9016-3","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"266","author":"Chandra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061821","article-title":"Suboptimal tongue pressure is associated with risk of malnutrition in community-dwelling older individuals","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0012","first-page":"9","article-title":"The role of nutrition in the prevention of cognitive decline","volume":"27","author":"Charbit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14116","article-title":"Lifestyle habits and the risk factors of dementia: Evidence from Japan","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03640-5","article-title":"Associations of oral health status and swallowing function with cognitive impairment in the aging population: A cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01832-0","article-title":"Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0017","article-title":"The effect of denture-wearing on physical activity is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly: A cross-sectional study based on the CHARLS database","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1199-7","article-title":"Role of gait speed and grip strength in predicting 10-year cognitive decline among community-dwelling older people","volume":"19","author":"Chou","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0019","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. www.covidence.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.625551","article-title":"Grip Strength and the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Cohort Studies","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13492","article-title":"Oral-motor function in older people: Exploring new dimensions of frailty","volume":"50","author":"Dos Santos Nogueira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.18314","article-title":"Associations between handgrip strength and dementia risk, cognition, and neuroimaging outcomes in the UK biobank cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Duchowny","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228700","article-title":"Low tongue strength and the number of teeth present are associated with cognitive decline in older Japanese dental outpatients: A Cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Egashira","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01113.2002","article-title":"Imagery of voluntary movement of fingers, toes, and tongue activates corresponding body-part-specific motor representations","volume":"90","author":"Ehrsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101336","article-title":"Malnutrition is positively associated with cognitive decline in centenarians and oldest-old adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"47","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03676-7","article-title":"Factors affecting the number of bacteria in saliva and oral care methods for the recovery of bacteria in contaminated saliva after brushing: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Funahara","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC oral health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.06.011","article-title":"Sensorimotor tongue representation in individuals with unilateral upper limb amelia","volume":"43","author":"Funk","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI158453","article-title":"Biological aging processes underlying cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"132","author":"Gonzales","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0029","article-title":"The latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia","volume":"15","author":"Hafiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0714-8","article-title":"Relationship between oral environment and frailty among older adults dwelling in a rural Japanese community: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"19","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329530","article-title":"Clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the evaluation of cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Hazan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, And Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104105","article-title":"Association between oral, social, and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"89","author":"Hironaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.31.747","article-title":"Relationship between the nutritional state of elderly people in need of support or nursing care and jaw-opening force and tongue pressure","volume":"31","author":"Hoyano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of physical therapy science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0034","unstructured":"IOPI Medical. Normal values. Tongue Elevation Strength Normal Values. https:\/\/iopimedical.com\/normal-values\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108744","article-title":"How does the skeletal muscle communicate with the brain in health and disease?","volume":"197","author":"Isaac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1511-4","article-title":"Association between oral frailty and nutritional status among community-dwelling older adults: The Takashimadaira study","volume":"24","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal Of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010213","article-title":"A Two-year longitudinal study of the association between oral frailty and deteriorating nutritional status among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"18","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12580","article-title":"Oral hypofunction and malnutrition among community-dwelling older adults: Evidence from the Otassha study","volume":"39","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_20_00129","article-title":"Original Oral frailty and gait performance in community-dwelling older adults: findings from the Takashimadaira study","volume":"65","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Prosthodontic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1159\/000518270","article-title":"Effect of isometric tongue lifting exercise on oral function, physical function, and body composition in community-dwelling older individuals: A pilot study","volume":"68","author":"Iyota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1347-y","article-title":"Impact of tongue pressure and peak expiratory flow rate on nutritional status of older residents of nursing homes in Japan: A cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Izumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal Of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13577","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study of the KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Kaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289509166622","article-title":"The Functional Independence Measure: a comparative validity and reliability study","volume":"17","author":"Kidd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010062","article-title":"Nutritional status, frailty, oral health, and oral motor functions in long-term care residents with swallowing ysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Ko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12948","article-title":"The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people","volume":"47","author":"Kobuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126666","article-title":"Relationship between oral hypofunction and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: The Otassha study","volume":"18","author":"Kugimiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13145","article-title":"Association between sarcopenia and oral functions in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Kugimiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.11.008","article-title":"Relationship between mild cognitive decline and oral motor functions in metropolitan community-dwelling older Japanese: The Takashimadaira study","volume":"81","author":"Kugimiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13806","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review","volume":"312","author":"Langa","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115795","article-title":"Physical exercise-induced myokines in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: advancing the methodology","volume":"5","author":"Levac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Implementation Science Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0053","article-title":"Brief webcam test of hand movements predicts episodic memory, executive function, and working memory in a community sample of cognitively asymptomatic older adults","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0054","article-title":"Effects of tongue strengthening exercises on tongue muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51849","article-title":"Young-onset dementia diagnosis, management and care: a narrative review","volume":"218","author":"Loi","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.11.003","article-title":"Serum levels of proteins involved in amyloid-beta clearance are related to cognitive decline and neuroimaging changes in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1159\/000513247","article-title":"The comparison of sarcopenia diagnostic criteria using AWGS 2019 with the other five criteria in west China","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12715","article-title":"Effects of aging and sarcopenia on tongue pressure and jaw-opening force","volume":"17","author":"Machida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9577-y","article-title":"Decreased tongue pressure is associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic dysphagia in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Maeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00134","article-title":"Cortical Mechanisms of Tongue Sensorimotor Functions in Humans: A Review of the Magnetoencephalography Approach","volume":"11","author":"Maezawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104267","article-title":"Effect of oral health intervention on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"92","author":"Matsubara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.12.021","article-title":"Impact of sarcopenia and malnutrition on swallowing function utilizing ultrasonography in patients with acute heart failure: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"59","author":"Matsuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12341","article-title":"Association of handgrip strength with various oral functions in 82- to 84-year-old community-dwelling Japanese","volume":"35","author":"Mihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020296","article-title":"Effects of tongue pressure on cerebral blood volume dynamics: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"12","author":"Miyata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041459","article-title":"Frequent karaoke training improves frontal executive cognitive skills, tongue pressure, and respiratory function in elderly people: Pilot study from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13224","article-title":"Changes in oral and cognitive functions among older Japanese dental outpatients: A 2-year follow-up study","volume":"48","author":"Mizutani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004870","article-title":"Clinical dementia rating: a reliable and valid diagnostic and staging measure for dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"9","author":"Morris","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0071","article-title":"Rating the certainty in evidence in the absence of a single estimate of effect","volume":"20","author":"Murad","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00608-6","article-title":"Association between tongue pressure and skeletal muscle mass and muscle function in community-dwelling older people without sarcopenia","volume":"13","author":"Murakami","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Geriatric Medicine"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413199","article-title":"Oral functions are associated with muscle strength and physical performance in old-old Japanese","volume":"18","author":"Murotani","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103104","article-title":"Effects of physical rehabilitation and nutritional intake management on improvement in tongue strength in sarcopenic patients","volume":"12","author":"Nagano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.112075","article-title":"Oral frailty as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: Kashiwa study [Review]","volume":"172","author":"Nagatani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014878","article-title":"Social networks, leisure activities and maximum tongue pressure: cross-sectional associations in the Nagasaki islands study","volume":"7","author":"Nagayoshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081626","article-title":"Association of oral hypofunction with frailty, sarcopenia, and mild cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling Japanese older adults","volume":"10","author":"Nakamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of clinical medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.12.096","article-title":"Sarcopenia as a risk factor for cognitive deterioration in community-dwelling older adults: A 1-year prospective study","volume":"17","author":"Nishiguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14079","article-title":"Digastric muscle mass and intensity in older patients with sarcopenic dysphagia by ultrasonography","volume":"21","author":"Ogawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12612","article-title":"Oral function and nutritional status in non-acute hospitalised elders","volume":"39","author":"Ohta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247382","article-title":"Relationships between the nutrition status and oral measurements for sarcopenia in older Japanese adults","volume":"11","author":"Okuno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac121","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between low skeletal muscle mass and cognitive function","volume":"77","author":"Oudbier","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.045575","article-title":"Dietary patterns and risk of dementia in an elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study","volume":"97","author":"Ozawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2005.04.008","article-title":"Muscle-derived interleukin-6\u2013a possible link between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and brain","volume":"19","author":"Pedersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-21-00242","article-title":"Best practice guidance and reporting items for the development of scoping review protocols","volume":"20","author":"Peters","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBI evidence Synthesis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8841-8","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of finger tapping characteristics in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease","volume":"265","author":"Roalf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00844-z","article-title":"Investigating the associations between upper limb motor function and cognitive impairment: a scoping review","volume":"45","author":"Rudd","year":"2023","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000540412","article-title":"Hand motor dysfunction is associated with both subjective and objective cognitive impairment across the dementia continuum","author":"Rudd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092347","article-title":"Relationship between rate of force development of tongue pressure and physical performance","volume":"11","author":"Saito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S141148","article-title":"Relationship between tongue strength, lip strength, and nutrition-related sarcopenia in older rehabilitation inpatients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Sakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Interventions in Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9751-5","article-title":"Tongue strength is associated with grip strength and nutritional status in older adult inpatients of a rehabilitation hospital","volume":"32","author":"Sakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.01.016","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of lip force and tongue strength for sarcopenic dysphagia in older inpatients: A cross-sectional observational study","volume":"38","author":"Sakai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S212980","article-title":"Effects of oral environment on frailty: particular relevance of tongue pressure","volume":"14","author":"Satake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Interventions in Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12593","article-title":"Oral function, nutritional status and physical status in Japanese independent older adults","volume":"39","author":"Sawada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0095","article-title":"Effect of oral health status and oral function on malnutrition in community-dwelling older adult dental patients: A two-year prospective cohort study","author":"Sawada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0096","first-page":"15","article-title":"Detection of mild cognitive impairment using various types of gait tests and machine learning","author":"Seifallahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14015","article-title":"Oral hypofunction and its association with frailty in community-dwelling older people","volume":"20","author":"Shimazaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111295","article-title":"Effect of low tongue pressure on nutritional status and improvement of swallowing function in sarcopenic dysphagia","volume":"90","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111062","article-title":"Low tongue strength is associated with oral and cough-related abnormalities in older inpatients","volume":"83","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1641-3","article-title":"Sarcopenic dysphagia with low tongue pressure Is associated with worsening of swallowing, nutritional status, and activities of daily Living","volume":"25","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"The journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-018-0720-5","article-title":"Association between tongue pressure and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in relation to platelet levels in hypertensive elderly men: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Shimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095178","article-title":"A cross-sectional study on the relationship between oral function and sarcopenia in Japanese patients with regular dental maintenance","volume":"19","author":"Shirahase","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac078","article-title":"Frailty is associated with cognitive decline independent of cerebral small vessel disease and brain atrophy","volume":"77","author":"Siejka","year":"2022","journal-title":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0625-y","article-title":"Differences in handgrip strength protocols to identify sarcopenia and frailty - a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Sousa-Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC geriatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbv017","article-title":"Grip strength and cognitive abilities: associations in old age","volume":"71","author":"Sternang","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. series b, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0106","article-title":"Relationship between maximum tongue pressure value and age, occlusal status, or body mass index among the community-dwelling elderly","volume":"56","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-02027-8","article-title":"Patients with mild cognitive impairment diagnosed at dementia clinic display decreased maximum occlusal force: a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.09.003","article-title":"Relationship between characteristics of skeletal muscle and oral function in community-dwelling older women","volume":"79","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0109","article-title":"Can measurement of ultrasonic echo intensity predict physical frailty in older adults?","volume":"13","author":"Tagami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137850","article-title":"Factors predicting tongue pressure decline among community-dwelling older adults: The Takashimadaira study","volume":"19","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031145","article-title":"Oral factors as predictors of frailty in community-dwelling older people: A prospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0112","first-page":"39","article-title":"Association between tongue pressure and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Japan","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx225","article-title":"Oral frailty as a risk factor for physical frailty and mortality in community-dwelling elderly","volume":"73","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03409-5","article-title":"Association between oral function and physical pre-frailty in community-dwelling older people: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Tani","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0042","unstructured":"The Statistical Bureau of Japan (2022). Current Population Estimates as of October 1, 2022 https:\/\/www.stat.go.jp\/english\/data\/jinsui\/2022np\/index.html."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1078","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2011.00615.x","article-title":"Maximal voluntary tongue pressure is decreased in Japanese frail elderly persons [Article]","volume":"29","author":"Tsuga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12292","article-title":"Can grip strength and\/or walking speed be simple indicators of the deterioration in tongue pressure and jaw opening force in older individuals?","volume":"34","author":"Wakasugi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13401","article-title":"Estimating presymptomatic episodic memory impairment using simple hand movement tests: A cross-sectional study of a large sample of older adults","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0119","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dementia. Key facts."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21158-5","article-title":"The association between cognitive impairment and oral health or oral hygiene behaviors among multiethnic older adults in Western China: a cross-sectional multicenter study","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-016-0289-7","article-title":"Relationship between tongue strength and 1-year life expectancy in elderly people needing nursing care [Article]","volume":"105","author":"Yajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13166","article-title":"Validity of maximum isometric tongue pressure as a screening test for physical frailty: Cross-sectional study of Japanese community-dwelling older adults","volume":"18","author":"Yamanashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076005","article-title":"Current evidence on the association of tongue strength with cognitive decline in older adults and the known risk factors of frailty, sarcopenia and nutritional health: a scoping review protocol","volume":"13","author":"Yitbarek","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12603","article-title":"Oral hypofunction and its relation to frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people","volume":"39","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1783-y","article-title":"The Association between Number of Teeth and Cognitive Frailty in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_fur1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146_fur2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100264","article-title":"Association of the oral microbiome with cognitive function among older adults: NHANES 2011-2012","volume":"28","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016749432600018X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016749432600018X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:57:41Z","timestamp":1789667861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016749432600018X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S016749432600018X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4943","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tongue strength and cognitive decline in older adults: A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106146","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106146"}}