{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:20:08Z","timestamp":1789705208554,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T11:35:27Z","timestamp":1786880127000},"page":"106381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The longitudinal association between resilience and frailty in older adults with chronic diseases in China: A national longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Zitong","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3372-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2479924","article-title":"Patterns of mental health problems and resilience among immigrant and refugee adolescents: A latent profile analysis","volume":"16","author":"Aalto","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2005.00191.x","article-title":"Working with missing values","volume":"67","author":"Acock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21706-7","article-title":"Association of early and late onset of chronic diseases with physical frailty among older Indian adults: Study based on a population survey","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Supplement_4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf161.359","article-title":"Ageing and personal resources \u2013 is their evidence for loss spirals at older age?","volume":"35","author":"Auvinen","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12349","article-title":"Frailty and chronic diseases: A bi-directional relationship","volume":"7","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Medicine (Milton)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3164","article-title":"Perspectives on resilience: Trait resilience, correlates of resilience in daily life, and longer-term change in affective distress","volume":"39","author":"Blanke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.2.349","article-title":"IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness","volume":"70","author":"Block","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00294","article-title":"Precision, reliability, and effect size of slope variance in latent growth curve models: Implications for statistical power analysis","volume":"9","author":"Brandmaier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0009","series-title":"Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming","author":"Byrne","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2025.105782","article-title":"Frailty and pre-frailty prevalence in community-dwelling elderly with multimorbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2021.29","article-title":"Frailty in caregivers and its relationship with psychological stress and resilience: A cross-sectional study based on the deficit accumulation model","volume":"11","author":"Canevelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Frailty & Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2574","article-title":"The commerce and crossover of resources: Resource conservation in the service of resilience","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"10367","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01546-X","article-title":"The path to healthy ageing in China: A Peking University-Lancet Commission [review]","volume":"400","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-024-01243-2","article-title":"Chronic disease and multimorbidity in the Chinese older adults' population and their impact on daily living ability: A cross-sectional study of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS)","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12936","article-title":"Frailty and polypharmacy in the community-dwelling elderly with multiple chronic diseases","volume":"23","author":"Chuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"9901","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0016","first-page":"1328","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people (vol 381, pg 752, 2013)","volume":"382","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04328-9","article-title":"Dynamics, association, and temporal sequence of cognitive function and frailty: A longitudinal study among Chinese community-dwelling older adults","volume":"23","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.174","article-title":"Association between social cognition, depressive symptoms and resilience among elderly people","volume":"380","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604567","article-title":"Conservation of resources, psychological distress, and resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"67","author":"Egozi Farkash","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igae098.2769","article-title":"Perceived stress AS a mediator of the association between psychological resilience and functional declines","volume":"8","author":"Eunsaem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innovation in Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2026.2672092","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychological first aid on dignity-related distress, social frailty, and psychological resilience among institutionalized older adults: A randomized controlled trial","author":"Eweida","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-020-00017-z","article-title":"The physical frailty syndrome as a transition from homeostatic symphony to cacophony","volume":"1","author":"Fried","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.033","article-title":"An interactive dynamic online nomogram for predicting the frailty trajectories among older people with chronic heart failure","volume":"382","author":"Gou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30091-4","article-title":"Frailty and pre-frailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: A prospective analysis of 493\u2008737 UK biobank participants","volume":"3","author":"Hanlon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00615-6","article-title":"Identifying typical trajectories in longitudinal data: Modelling strategies and interpretations","volume":"35","author":"Herle","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600504","article-title":"What is resilience?","volume":"56","author":"Herrman","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.08.016","article-title":"Handling missing data in clinical research","volume":"151","author":"Heymans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1639136","article-title":"High coping self-efficacy associated with lower odds of pre-frailty\/frailty in older adults with chronic disease","volume":"24","author":"Hladek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"The American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobfoll, S.E. (2010). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. 10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195375343.013.0007.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195375343.013.0007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.3.632","article-title":"Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women","volume":"84","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(199304)21:2<128::AID-JCOP2290210206>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Resource conservation as a strategy for community psychology","volume":"21","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119514","article-title":"Association of psychological resilience and its trajectories with frailty in middle-aged and older populations: A prospective cohort study","volume":"389","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03229-7","article-title":"Frailty trajectory among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Korea: Evidence from the Korean longitudinal study of aging","volume":"22","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13334","article-title":"Efficacy of resilience-related psychological interventions in patients with long-term diseases: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Janitra","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2025.07.001","article-title":"A multidimensional epidemiological perspective on frailty dynamics and prevention","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.59429\/esp.v9i8.2789","article-title":"Strengthening resilience and coping through coaching: The impact of behavioral, cognitive and emotional skills","volume":"9","author":"Jouali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environment and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101789","article-title":"Progression of frailty as measured by a cumulative deficit index: A systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Kaskirbayeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Research Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.23.0145","article-title":"The effect of psychological resilience on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults: The Korean frailty and aging cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0040","article-title":"Analysis of causal relationships for nutrient removal of activated sludge process based on structural equation modeling approaches","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.12.002","article-title":"Transitions in frailty states among community-living older adults and their associated factors","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15628-5","article-title":"The effect of resource loss on depression and peritraumatic distress during the early period of the COVID-19: Considering the pandemic-situational and social context","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03251-9","article-title":"Resilience is associated with frailty and older age in hospitalised patients","volume":"22","author":"Lenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01582-w","article-title":"Evaluating FIML and multiple imputation in joint ordinal-continuous measurements models with missing data","volume":"54","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-31505-5","article-title":"Long-term impact of PM2.5 exposure on frailty, chronic diseases, and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults: Insights from a national population-based longitudinal study","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Pollution Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0046","first-page":"162","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the psychological capital questionnaire (KKaPsy)","volume":"11","author":"Lipi\u0144ska-Grobelny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-025-03143-z","article-title":"Dynamic frailty risk prediction in elderly hip replacement: A deep learning approach to personalized rehabilitation","volume":"25","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000624","article-title":"The dire disregard of measurement invariance testing in psychological science","volume":"30","author":"Maassen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8970","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168970","article-title":"Low psychological resilience in older individuals: An association with increased inflammation, oxidative stress and the presence of chronic medical conditions","volume":"22","author":"Majnari\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1590554","article-title":"Unpacking the interplay between psychological capital and wellbeing in entrepreneurs: The mediating role of burnout through conservation of resources theory","volume":"16","author":"Malak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000642","article-title":"Latent growth factors as predictors of distal outcomes","volume":"31","author":"McCormick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"10 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00295-6","article-title":"Interacting mediators of allostasis and allostatic load: Towards an understanding of resilience in aging","volume":"52","author":"McEwen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00843-5","article-title":"Dynamic frailty risk assessment among older adults with multiple myeloma: A population-based cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Mian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-013-9446-3","article-title":"Assessing biological aging: The origin of deficit accumulation","volume":"14","author":"Mitnitski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2001.58","article-title":"Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging","volume":"1","author":"Mitnitski","year":"2001","journal-title":"TheScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-010-9299-y","article-title":"Frailty, ageing and inflammation: Reality and perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Mocchegiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S265287","article-title":"Trajectory modelling techniques useful to epidemiological research: A comparative narrative review of approaches","volume":"12","author":"Nguena Nguefack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa219","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in 62 countries across the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level studies","volume":"50","author":"O'Caoimh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2022.tb00224.x","article-title":"Physiological systems in promoting frailty","volume":"12","author":"Perazza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-011-0294-0","article-title":"Socioeconomic position, resilience, and health behaviour among elderly people","volume":"57","author":"Perna","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002527","article-title":"Frailty transitions, inflammation, and mortality among persons aging with HIV infection and injection drug use","volume":"34","author":"Piggott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aids"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3461","article-title":"Resource loss a significant issue for healthcare professionals: A case study of an Australian regional hospital","volume":"40","author":"Rauf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100433","article-title":"Comparison of robustness, resilience and intrinsic capacity including prediction of long-term adverse health outcomes: The KORA-Age study","volume":"29","author":"Rippl","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0064","series-title":"1987 Annual Meeting of the American Orthopsychiatric Association (1987, Washington, DC)","article-title":"Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms","author":"Rutter","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bmc Geriatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025420979365","article-title":"Fitting latent growth models with small sample sizes and non-normal missing data","volume":"45","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06541-0","article-title":"Two-year evolution of frailty status and predictive factors in Chinese older adults: A national longitudinal study","volume":"25","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2025.01.019","article-title":"Mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between self-neglect and frailty among older adults","volume":"62","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geriatric Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2021","article-title":"Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity","volume":"103","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-020122-041854","article-title":"Psychological resilience: An affect-regulation framework","volume":"74","author":"Troy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253976","article-title":"Trajectories of frailty in aging: Prospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Verghese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0071","first-page":"659","article-title":"Frailty and multimorbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Vetrano","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad058","article-title":"Frailty transitions and prevalence in an ageing population: Longitudinal analysis of primary care data from an open cohort of adults aged 50 and over in England, 2006-2017","volume":"52","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00745.x","article-title":"Research agenda for frailty in older adults: Toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: Summary from the American Geriatrics Society\/National Institute on aging research conference on frailty in older adults","volume":"54","author":"Walston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0074","author":"Wang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0075","article-title":"Association between resilience and frailty among Chinese older adults","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05526-4","article-title":"Social support, family resilience and psychological resilience among maintenance hemodialysis patients: A longitudinal study","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bmc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa061","article-title":"A systematic review of frailty trajectories: Their shape and influencing factors","volume":"61","author":"Welstead","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0078","series-title":"Dissertation\/Thesis","article-title":"The resilience of older adults receiving hospital care: Validation of the 'Making it clear' Questionnaire, and an exploration of protective and vulnerability factors","author":"Whitehall","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15233","article-title":"Physical resilience: Not simply the opposite of frailty","volume":"66","author":"Whitson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-025-00479-3","article-title":"A systematic review of conceptualizations and statistical methods in longitudinal studies of resilience","volume":"3","author":"Wolke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.104949","article-title":"The effectiveness of mind-body approaches for enhancing resilience in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17647","article-title":"Trajectories and predictors of frailty in patients with heart failure: A longitudinal study","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp102","article-title":"Dynamics and heterogeneity in the process of human frailty and aging: Evidence from the U.S. older adult population","volume":"65b","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu068","article-title":"Psychological resilience and the onset of activity of daily living disability among older adults in China: A nationwide longitudinal analysis","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.47605","article-title":"Psychological resilience and frailty progression in older adults","volume":"7","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01933-y","article-title":"Development and validation of the conservation of resources scale for COVID-19 in the Chinese adult general population","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/525693","article-title":"Resilience significantly contributes to exceptional longevity","volume":"2010","author":"Zeng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100576","article-title":"The association between social frailty, psychological resilience, and subsequent cognitive outcomes in older adults: A prospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12765","article-title":"Loneliness and frailty among nursing home older adults: The multiple mediating role of social support and resilience","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics : The Official Journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381_bib0090","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectory analyses of sleep duration and frailty among middle-aged and older Chinese adults","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494326002505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167494326002505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T08:08:37Z","timestamp":1788163717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167494326002505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0167494326002505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4943"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4943","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The longitudinal association between resilience and frailty in older adults with chronic diseases in China: A national longitudinal study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106381","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106381"}}