{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:12:34Z","timestamp":1790615554362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T01:00:25Z","timestamp":1368579625000},"page":"307-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Differences in Composition of Honey Samples and Their Impact on the Antimicrobial Activities against Drug Multiresistant Bacteria and Pathogenic Fungi"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Noori","family":"AL-Waili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al Ghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javed","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehya","family":"Al-Attal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarif","family":"Al-Mubarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khelod","family":"Salom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib1","first-page":"257","article-title":"The antibacterial effect of honey on diarrhea causing bacterial agents isolated in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Obi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Afr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib2","first-page":"62","article-title":"Traditional beliefs about measles and its treatment among the Bambara of Mali","volume":"21","author":"Imperato","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trop Geograph Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.2001.11099498","article-title":"Why honey is effective as a medicine. 2. The scientific explanation of its effects","volume":"82","author":"Molan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib4","first-page":"137","article-title":"A brief review of honey as a clinical dressing","volume":"6","author":"Molan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Primary Intent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2005.03.038","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of different honeys against pathogenic bacteria","volume":"36","author":"Lusby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.025","article-title":"Growth inhibition of food borne pathogens and food spoilage organisms by select raw honeys","volume":"97","author":"Mundo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Honey as nutrient and functional food","author":"Bogdanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bee Product Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0161","article-title":"Honey and microbial infections: a review supporting the use of honey for microbial control","volume":"14","author":"Al-Waili","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.578","article-title":"Antibacterial components of honey","volume":"64","author":"Kwakman","year":"2012","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719745","article-title":"Honey for nutrition and health: a review","volume":"27","author":"Bogdanov","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-10-31","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of tualang honey and its effect in burn wound management: a comparative study","volume":"24","author":"Nasir","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0817-2","article-title":"The intracellular effects of manuka honey on Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"29","author":"Henriques","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026676517213","article-title":"Osmotic effect of honey on growth and viability of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"44","author":"Osato","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765x.2000.00756.x","article-title":"Susceptibility of multi-resistant strains of Burkholderi acepacia to honey","volume":"31","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib15","first-page":"491","article-title":"The antimycobacterial effect of honey: an in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"96","author":"Asadi-Pooya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Riv Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1089\/1096620041224139","article-title":"Investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural honey and its effects on the pathogenic bacterial infections of surgical wounds and conjunctiva","volume":"7","author":"Al-Waili","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04552.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of honey from the stingless bee Trigonacarbonaria determined by agar diffusion, agar dilution, broth microdilution and time-kill methodology","volume":"108","author":"Boorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-9-34","article-title":"The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.256","article-title":"Sahara honey shows higher potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to north Algerian types of honey","volume":"10","author":"Boukraa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-150789","article-title":"How honey kills bacteria","volume":"24","author":"Kwakman","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1086\/587892","article-title":"Medical-grade honey kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria in\u00a0vitro and eradicates skin colonization","volume":"46","author":"Kwakman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-200211000-00002","article-title":"The efficacy of honey in inhibiting strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected burns","volume":"23","author":"Cooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib23","first-page":"BR433","article-title":"The antimicrobial potential of honey from United Arab Emirates on some microbial isolates","volume":"11","author":"Al-Waili","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2012.02776.x","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains isolated from honey marketed in Malaysia against selected multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"77","author":"Aween","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.030","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolates from different floral sources of honey","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.08.025","article-title":"Antioxidant properties, total phenols and 492 pollen analyses of propolis samples from Portugal","volume":"46","author":"Moreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib27","first-page":"47","article-title":"EU Council Directive 2001\/110\/CE relating to honey","volume":"L10","year":"2002","journal-title":"Off J Eur Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1997.2391","article-title":"A stable nonfluorescent derivative of resorufin for the fluorometric determination of trace hydrogen peroxide: applications in detecting the activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and other oxidases","volume":"253","author":"Zhou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib29","unstructured":"AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis (15th ed), ed. K. Herlich. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Inc, Arlington, VA. 1990; pp.\u00a01030."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2008.01.038","article-title":"Characterization of Polish rape and honeydew honey according to their mineral contents using ICP-MS and F-AAS\/AES","volume":"617","author":"Madejczyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.1997.9513276","article-title":"The sensitivity of mastitis-causing bacteria to the antibacterial activity of honey","volume":"40","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"NZ J Agric Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689408700106","article-title":"Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to the antibacterial activity of manuka honey","volume":"87","author":"Al Somal","year":"1994","journal-title":"JR Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib33","first-page":"471","article-title":"The sensitivity of dermatophytes to the antimicrobial activity of manuka honey and other honey","volume":"2","author":"Brady","year":"1966","journal-title":"Phar Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689909200604","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of honey against strains of Staphylococcus aureus from infected wounds","volume":"92","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"JR Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1999.8.4.25867","article-title":"The use of honey as an antiseptic in managing Pseudomonas infection","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03922.x","article-title":"The effect of gamma-irradiation on the antibacterial activity of honey","volume":"48","author":"Molan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacy Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb04993.x","article-title":"A comparison of the sensitivity of wound-infecting species of bacteria to the antibacterial activity of manuka honey and other honey","volume":"73","author":"Willix","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Bact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2004049","article-title":"Main European unifloral honeys: descriptive sheets","volume":"35","author":"Persando Oddo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.09.062","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial 411 effects of phenolic compounds extracts of Northeast Portugal honey","volume":"412","author":"Estevinho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.01.020","article-title":"Honeybee-collected pollen from five 434 Portuguese Natural Parks: palynological origin, phenolic content, antioxidant properties and 435 antimicrobial activity","volume":"49","author":"Morais","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2012.07.025","article-title":"Studies on the formation of methylglyoxal from dihydroxyacetone in Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey","volume":"361C","author":"Atrott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2011.0685","article-title":"New Zealand kanuka honey has high levels of methylglyoxal and antimicrobial activity","volume":"18","author":"Holt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.578","article-title":"Antibacterial components of honey","volume":"64","author":"Kwakman","year":"2012","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1077-x","article-title":"Medical-grade honey enriched with antimicrobial peptides has enhanced activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens","volume":"30","author":"Kwakman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017709","article-title":"Two major medicinal honeys have different mechanisms of bactericidal activity","volume":"6","author":"Kwakman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.5.766","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro study of bacterial growth inhibition in concentrated sugar solutions: microbiological basis for the use of sugar in treating infected wounds","volume":"23","author":"Chirife","year":"1983","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01962604","article-title":"Successful treatment of chronically infected wounds with sugar paste","volume":"7","author":"Tanner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"206","key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib48","first-page":"208","article-title":"Use of granulated sugar therapy in the management of sloughy or necrotic wounds: a pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Murandu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6569(63)90108-1","article-title":"The identification of inhibine, the antibacterial factor in honey, as hydrogen peroxide and its origin in a honey glucose-oxidase system","volume":"73","author":"White","year":"1963","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(01)00505-0","article-title":"Inhibitory activity of honey against food- borne pathogens as influenced by the presence of hydrogen peroxide and level of antioxidant power","volume":"69","author":"Taormina","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1139\/w06-086","article-title":"Effect of hydrogen peroxide on antibacterial activities of Canadian honeys","volume":"52","author":"Brudzynski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00265","article-title":"The effect of standard heat and filtration processing procedures on antimicrobial activity and hydrogen peroxide levels in honey","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2012.12069144","article-title":"Antibacterial and antimycotic activities of Slovenian honeys","volume":"69","author":"Kuncic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.01.035","article-title":"Unraveling a mechanism of honey antibacterial action: polyphenol\/H2O2-induced oxidative effect on bacterial cell growth and on DNA degradation","volume":"133","author":"Brudzynski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00213","article-title":"Re-examining the role of hydrogen peroxide in bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of honey","volume":"2","author":"Brudzynski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1992.11099109","article-title":"The antibacterial activity of honey: 1. The nature of the antibacterial activity","volume":"73","author":"Molan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids","volume":"26","author":"Cushnie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55898","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055898","article-title":"The effect of New Zealand kanuka, manuka and clover honeys on bacterial growth dynamics and cellular morphology varies according to the species","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57679","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057679","article-title":"Synergism between medihoney and rifampicin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"8","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2009.09.002","article-title":"Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of some flavonoids","volume":"165","author":"Orhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02282.x","article-title":"Phenolic acid composition and antioxidant properties of Malaysian honeys","volume":"76","author":"Khalil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2004.7.491","article-title":"Effect of honey on antibody production against thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens in primary and secondary immune responses","volume":"7","author":"Al-Waili","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-004-0871-8","article-title":"Effects of honey on the urinary total nitrite and prostaglandins concentration","volume":"37","author":"Al-Waili","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2004.7.377","article-title":"Honey increased saliva, plasma, and urine content of total nitrite concentrations in normal individuals","volume":"7","author":"Al-Waili","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","article-title":"Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance","volume":"74","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0804651","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century\u2013a clinical super-challenge","volume":"360","author":"Arias","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib67","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). About Antimicrobial Resistance: A Brief Overview. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/about.html. Accessed May 1,\u00a02012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D443","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn656","article-title":"ARDB\u2014Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.12.006","article-title":"Accelerating resistance, inadequate antibacterial drug pipelines and international responses","volume":"39","author":"Theuretzbacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700501","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin","volume":"87","author":"Boyle-Vavra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01009-09","article-title":"Updated functional classification of \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"54","author":"Bush","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00036-08","article-title":"\u03b2-lactamases","volume":"22","author":"Jacoby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl483","article-title":"changing the face of ESBLs in Europe","volume":"59","author":"Livermore","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440913001100?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440913001100?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T19:41:06Z","timestamp":1759261266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0188440913001100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0188440913001100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0188-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0188-4409","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Differences in Composition of Honey Samples and Their Impact on the Antimicrobial Activities against Drug Multiresistant Bacteria and Pathogenic Fungi","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Medical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.04.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}