{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:57:13Z","timestamp":1791021433909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T03:35:18Z","timestamp":1613360118000},"page":"529-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Among Chilean Patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Patricio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Hormaz\u00e1bal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0901-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Fuentes-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Musleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9477-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Valladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Lanzarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. Gonzalo","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Constanza","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnoldo","family":"Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1001110","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":"362","author":"McColl","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.23736\/S1121-421X.20.02671-9","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"66","author":"Buz\u00e1s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0003","article-title":"Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori -positive people. Cochrane Upper GI and Pancreatic Diseases Group, editor","volume":"4","author":"Ford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.028","article-title":"Association Between Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Gastric Cancer Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0514","article-title":"Gastric Cancer is Related to Early Helicobacter pylori Infection in a High-Prevalence Country","volume":"16","author":"Ferreccio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0006","series-title":"Gu\u00eda cl\u00ednica AUGE: tratamiento de erradicaci\u00f3n de helicobacter pylori en el paciente con \u00falcera p\u00e9ptica","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10969","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i31.10969","article-title":"Management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Latin America: A Delphi technique-based consensus","volume":"20","author":"Rollan","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312288","article-title":"Management of Helicobacter pylori infection\u2014the Maastricht V\/Florence Consensus Report","volume":"66","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.24","article-title":"The Problem of Helicobacter pylori Resistance to Antibiotics: A Systematic Review in Latin America","volume":"109","author":"Camargo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.007","article-title":"Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis in World Health Organization Regions","volume":"155","author":"Savoldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1588472","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: molecular basis for colonization and survival in gastric environment and resistance to antibiotics. A short review","volume":"51","author":"Fagoonee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.12.3942-3944.2003","article-title":"Single and Double Mutations in gyrA but Not in gyrB Are Associated with Low- and High-Level Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Helicobacter pylori","volume":"47","author":"Tankovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12467","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12467","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of genotypic methods for detecting antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56399-7","article-title":"High prevalence of clarithromycin resistance and effect on Helicobacter pylori eradication in a population from Santiago, Chile: cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Arenas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040226","article-title":"Prevalence of Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori: An Evaluation in Public and Private Health Systems of Southern Chile","volume":"8","author":"Oporto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0820-0","article-title":"Prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori in Santiago, Chile, estimated by real-time PCR directly from gastric mucosa","volume":"18","author":"Gonzalez-Hormazabal","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0017","unstructured":"Declaration of Helsinski. Available from: https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects\/ (Accessed December 20, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00614-06","article-title":"Quinolone Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates in Germany","volume":"51","author":"Glocker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160007","article-title":"Surveillance of Levofloxacin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates in Bogot\u00e1-Colombia (2009\u20132014)","volume":"11","author":"Trespalacios-Rang\u00e9l","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky167","article-title":"Molecular detection of mutations involved in Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Algeria","volume":"73","author":"Bachir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05243-11","article-title":"Distribution of Spontaneous gyrA Mutations in 97 Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Isolates Collected in France","volume":"56","author":"Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.007","article-title":"Update on fluoroquinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori: new mutations leading to resistance and first description of a gyrA polymorphism associated with hypersusceptibility","volume":"29","author":"Cattoir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2006.00436.x","article-title":"Prevalence and Mechanisms of Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Helicobacter pylori Strains from Patients Living in Belgium","volume":"11","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12502","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12502","article-title":"The \u201cthree-in-one\u201d formulation of bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication with or without probiotics supplementation: Efficacy and safety in daily clinical practice","volume":"23","author":"Zagari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14396","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014396","article-title":"High dose dual therapy vs. bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13712","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of levofloxacin triple therapy as the first- or second-line treatments of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12595","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12595","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in the low-resource Central America setting","volume":"24","author":"Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S123798","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance among Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates in Lima","volume":"10","author":"Boehnke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Peru. Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2019.362.3901","article-title":"Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y mutaciones en el gen ARNr 23s de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes disp\u00e9pticos","volume":"36","author":"Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Peru Med Exp Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0361","article-title":"Occurrence of Mutations in the Antimicrobial Target Genes Related to Levofloxacin, Clarithromycin, and Amoxicillin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Buenos Aires City","volume":"23","author":"Zerbetto De Palma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbial Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00840.x","article-title":"Mutations of Helicobacter pylori Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Korea: Mutations of H. pylori and Fluoroquinolone Resistance","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2006.00415.x","article-title":"Primary Levofloxacin Resistance and gyrA\/B Mutations Among Helicobacter pylori in Japan","volume":"11","author":"Miyachi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302254","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Europe and its relationship to antibiotic consumption","volume":"62","author":"Megraud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0034","unstructured":"EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections. Available from: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EAU-Guidelines-on-Urological-Infections-2018-large-text.pdf (Accessed December 14, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000435949","article-title":"Prevalence of Primary Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Southern Spain","volume":"92","author":"Navarro-Jarabo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.054","article-title":"Clarithromycin resistance and female gender affect Helicobacter pylori eradication failure in chronic gastritis","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2831","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002831","article-title":"The Association of Age and Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori: A Study in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"95","author":"Ji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw054","article-title":"Gender differences in antibiotic prescribing in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020203","article-title":"Understanding the gender gap in antibiotic prescribing: a cross-sectional analysis of English primary care","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440921000345?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440921000345?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T19:49:34Z","timestamp":1759261774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0188440921000345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0188440921000345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0188-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0188-4409","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Among Chilean Patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Medical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}