{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:38:24Z","timestamp":1768930704719,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":235,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015519","name":"WW International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015519","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1732273940000},"page":"103128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Risk Phenotypes for Type 2 Diabetes Differ with Ancestry in US Adults with Diabetes and Overweight\/Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8850-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"O'Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibhu","family":"Parcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naman S.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle I.","family":"Cardel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3960-0332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A","family":"Gower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2337\/cd15-0048","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence and care of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.19365","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes by race and ethnicity in the United States, 2011\u20132016","volume":"322","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3097","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3097","article-title":"Understanding the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic population living in the United States","volume":"35","author":"Aguayo-Mazzucato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.8.1515","article-title":"Visceral fat, insulin sensitivity, and lipids in prepubertal children","volume":"48","author":"Gower","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.6.742","article-title":"Increased insulin resistance and insulin secretion in nondiabetic African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites. The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study","volume":"45","author":"Haffner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8498","article-title":"Contribution of insulin secretion and clearance to glucose-induced insulin concentration in African-American and Caucasian children","volume":"87","author":"Gower","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0413","article-title":"Hepatic but not extrahepatic insulin clearance is lower in African American than in European American women","volume":"66","author":"Piccinini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0008","first-page":"1923","article-title":"Insulin secretion and sensitivity in black versus white prepubertal healthy children","volume":"82","author":"Arslanian","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz309","article-title":"Race affects the association of obesity measures with insulin sensitivity","volume":"111","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22726","article-title":"Ethnic differences in hepatic steatosis: an insulin resistance paradox?","volume":"49","author":"Guerrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.903","article-title":"Adipose tissue in muscle: a novel depot similar in size to visceral adipose tissue","volume":"81","author":"Gallagher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7 e-11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.04.049","article-title":"Ethnic differences in triglyceride levels and high-density lipoprotein lead to underdiagnosis of the metabolic syndrome in black children and adults","volume":"155","author":"Sumner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12828","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12828","article-title":"Genetic risk score prediction of leg fat and insulin sensitivity differs by race\/ethnicity in early pubertal children","volume":"16","author":"Fowler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0014","first-page":"846","article-title":"Liver fat, serum triglycerides and visceral adipose tissue in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant black men with NIDDM","volume":"19","author":"Banerji","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.2.141","article-title":"Does intra-abdominal adipose tissue in black men determine whether NIDDM is insulin-resistant or insulin-sensitive?","volume":"44","author":"Banerji","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4820-6","article-title":"Black African men with early type 2 diabetes have similar muscle, liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity to white European men despite lower visceral fat","volume":"62","author":"Bello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.11.1036","article-title":"Patterns of glucose and lipid abnormalities in black NIDDM subjects","volume":"14","author":"Chaiken","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.3.337","article-title":"Long-term normoglycemic remission in black newly diagnosed NIDDM subjects","volume":"45","author":"Banerji","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199005000-00005","article-title":"Remission in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: clinical characteristics of remission and relapse in black patients","volume":"69","author":"Banerji","year":"1990","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00395.x","article-title":"Near-normoglycaemic remission in African-Americans with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with recovery of beta cell function","volume":"18","author":"McFarlane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1213954","article-title":"Induction of remission in diabetes by lowering blood glucose","volume":"14","author":"Weir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.028274","article-title":"Diabetes in African Americans","volume":"81","author":"Marshall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01046-y","article-title":"Association between type 2 diabetes status and prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis among adults aged >\/= 40 years","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002654","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes genetic loci informed by multi-trait associations point to disease mechanisms and subtypes: a soft clustering analysis","volume":"15","author":"Udler","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3714","article-title":"Integrative genomic analysis implicates limited peripheral adipose storage capacity in the pathogenesis of human insulin resistance","volume":"49","author":"Lotta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21616","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a nationally available weight control program tailored for adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"O'Neil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","article-title":"Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6605","article-title":"A guide to genome-wide association analysis and post-analytic interrogation","volume":"34","author":"Reed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","article-title":"Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation","volume":"526","author":"Auton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1579","article-title":"The human genome diversity project: past, present and future","volume":"6","author":"Cavalli-Sforza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0032","series-title":"R: A language and Environment For Statistical Computing","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v021.i12","article-title":"Reshaping data with the reshape package","volume":"21","author":"Wickham","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2021-053","article-title":"Reproducible summary tables with the gtsummary package","volume":"13","author":"Sjoberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425","article-title":"Simultaneous inference in general parametric models","volume":"50","author":"Hothorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0037","series-title":"psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research","author":"Revelle","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-060","article-title":"ggfortify: unified interface to visualize statistical result of popular R packages","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0039","series-title":"An R Companion to Applied Regression","author":"Fox","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0040","series-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics For Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0041","unstructured":"Kassambara A. ggpubr: \u2018ggplot2\u2019 Based Publication Ready Plots. R package version 0.6.0. 2023. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=ggpubr. (Accessed 20 April 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0042","unstructured":"Wickham H., Seidel D. scales: scale Functions for Visualization. R package version 1.2.1. 2022. https:\/\/cran-r-project.org\/package=scales. (Accessed 20 April 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0043","unstructured":"Dayimu A. forestploter: create a Flexible Forest Plot. R package version 1.1.2 ed2024.https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=forestploter. (Accessed 20 April 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1763","article-title":"Proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio as a marker of \u03b2-cell function in African American and European American adults","volume":"46","author":"Couch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296815607862","article-title":"Elevated intact proinsulin levels during an oral glucose challenge indicate progressive \u00df-cell dysfunction and may be predictive for development of type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Pf\u00fctzner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.44","article-title":"Adiposity and beta-cell function: relationships differ with ethnicity and age","volume":"18","author":"Chandler-Laney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-072909-095555","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and type 2 diabetes","volume":"81","author":"Back","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.05.025","article-title":"ROS signaling, oxidative stress and Nrf2 in pancreatic beta-cell function","volume":"244","author":"Pi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80389-9","article-title":"Identification of ancestry proportions in admixed groups across the Americas using clinical pharmacogenomic SNP panels","volume":"11","author":"Debortoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation","volume":"526","author":"Genomes Project","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001060","article-title":"Use of race, ethnicity, and ancestry data in health research","volume":"2","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.4.1047","article-title":"Using genetic admixture to explain racial differences in insulin-related phenotypes","volume":"52","author":"Gower","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001324","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies variants associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that have distinct effects on metabolic traits","volume":"7","author":"Speliotes","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323785111","article-title":"TM6SF2 is a regulator of liver fat metabolism influencing triglyceride secretion and hepatic lipid droplet content","volume":"111","author":"Mahdessian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2901","article-title":"Exome-wide association study identifies a TM6SF2 variant that confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Kozlitina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10659","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.719955","article-title":"Inactivation of Tm6sf2, a gene defective in fatty liver disease, impairs lipidation but not secretion of very low density lipoproteins","volume":"291","author":"Smagris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27242","article-title":"Pnpla3I148M knockin mice accumulate PNPLA3 on lipid droplets and develop hepatic steatosis","volume":"61","author":"Smagris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000155","article-title":"Glucokinase regulatory protein: complexity at the crossroads of triglyceride and glucose metabolism","volume":"26","author":"Raimondo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30185","article-title":"Increased hepatic fat in overweight Hispanic youth influenced by interaction between genetic variation in PNPLA3 and high dietary carbohydrate and sugar consumption","volume":"92","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.03.001","article-title":"Normal triglyceride levels despite insulin resistance in African Americans: role of lipoprotein lipase","volume":"54","author":"Sumner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-02156-3","article-title":"Triglyceride is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes among middle-aged and older adults: a prospective study with 8-year follow-ups in two cohorts","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2011.0108","article-title":"The triglyceride paradox in people of African descent","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2512","article-title":"Racial differences in peripheral insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial capacity in the absence of obesity","volume":"99","author":"DeLany","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475","article-title":"Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience","volume":"14","author":"Button","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-011-0221-x","article-title":"Detecting moderator effects using subgroup analyses","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18526","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18526","article-title":"Genome-wide association and polygenic risk score estimation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kinh Vietnamese-a pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Mai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0699","article-title":"Genetic subtypes of prediabetes, healthy lifestyle, and risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0058","article-title":"Higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes is associated with a faster decline of \u03b2-cell function in an East Asian population","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02865-3","article-title":"Multi-ancestry polygenic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440924001796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440924001796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T08:11:09Z","timestamp":1757837469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0188440924001796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0188440924001796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128","relation":{},"ISSN":["0188-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0188-4409","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genetic Risk Phenotypes for Type 2 Diabetes Differ with Ancestry in US Adults with Diabetes and Overweight\/Obesity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Medical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103128","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103128"}}