{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:26:25Z","timestamp":1788953185282,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004881","name":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005343","name":"IMSS AC Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/PRIO\/16\/050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS\/IMSS\/PROT\/PRIO\/16\/050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T05:40:13Z","timestamp":1755668413000},"page":"103259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plasma Serotonin as a Biomarker of the Severity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, in Children and Overweight\/Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Manjarrez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Cristina","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3144-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiharu","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Neri-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0001","series-title":"GBD Results","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e994","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3482","article-title":"Prevalence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30167-0","article-title":"ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision","volume":"5","author":"Sayal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0004","first-page":"45","article-title":"Prevalence of ADHD in Mexican schoolchildren through screening with Conners scales 3","volume":"47","author":"Gallardo-Saavedra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318157517a","article-title":"ADHD symptoms and subtypes: relationship between childhood and adolescent symptoms","volume":"46","author":"Hurtig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2016.1130626","article-title":"Genetics of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: an update","volume":"16","author":"Akutagava-Martins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01638.x","article-title":"Social adversity predicts ADHD-medication in school children\u2013a national cohort study","volume":"99","author":"Hjern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxy109","article-title":"ADHD in children and youth: part 1-etiology, diagnosis, and comorbidity","volume":"23","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-007-9019-9","article-title":"Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: brain imaging, molecular, genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis","volume":"17","author":"Swanson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.02.036","article-title":"The roles of dopamine and noradrenaline in the pathophysiology and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"69","author":"Del Campo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00926-6","article-title":"Dopamine\u2013serotonin interactions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"172","author":"Oades","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0012","article-title":"Brain serotonergic tone in schoolchildren with ADHD through the N1\/P2 component of the auditory evoked potentials","volume":"4","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90137-3","article-title":"Intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials as an indicator of central serotonergic neurotransmission: a new hypothesis","volume":"33","author":"Hegerl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00240-5","article-title":"Auditory-evoked potentials as indicator of brain serotonergic activity\u2014First evidence in behaving cats","volume":"41","author":"Juckel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(01)00129-8","article-title":"Developmental impairment of auditory evoked N1\/P2 component in rats undernourished in utero: its relation to brain serotonin activity","volume":"127","author":"Gabriel Manjarrez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.06.025","article-title":"Prenatal impairment of brain serotonergic transmission in infants","volume":"147","author":"Manjarrez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00048-5","article-title":"Cortical mechanisms in hearing","volume":"13","author":"Semple","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.05.054","article-title":"The roles of peripheral serotonin in metabolic homeostasis","volume":"589","author":"El-Merahbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.1.165","article-title":"Structure and function of the brain serotonin system","volume":"72","author":"Jacobs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00200","article-title":"Subset specification of central serotonergic neurons","volume":"7","author":"Smidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07910.x","article-title":"Development of raphe serotonin neurons from specification to guidance","volume":"34","author":"Kiyasova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.043","article-title":"Anatomically defined and functionally distinct dorsal raphe serotonin sub-systems","volume":"175","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0023","article-title":"Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus encode reward signals","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01213-3","article-title":"Serotonin regulation of behavior via large-scale neuromodulation of serotonin receptor networks","volume":"26","author":"Salvan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26288","article-title":"Functional and structural brain network development in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"44","author":"Soman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.896","article-title":"Serotonergic functioning and trait-impulsivity in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity-disordered boys (ADHD): influence of rapid tryptophan depletion","volume":"23","author":"Zepf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.027","article-title":"Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis","volume":"277","author":"O'Mahony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000229","article-title":"Intracellular serotonin modulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells by protein serotonylation","volume":"7","author":"Paulmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01378.x","article-title":"Adipocytes express a functional system for serotonin synthesis, reuptake and receptor activation","volume":"13","author":"Stunes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117792109","article-title":"Decreased osteoclastogenesis in serotonin-deficient mice","volume":"109","author":"Chabbi-Achengli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15761\/JIC.1000253","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characterization of serotonin reuptake transporter;5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B receptors, and tryptophan-5-hydroxylase expression in normal human hearts","volume":"4","author":"Neri-G\u00f3mez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Integr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.10.4.6","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of SERT in platelets: regulation of plasma serotonin levels","volume":"10","author":"Mercado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00277","article-title":"Serotonergic control of metabolic homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Wyler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.09.014","article-title":"Gut-derived serotonin is a multifunctional determinant to fasting adaptation","volume":"16","author":"Sumara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.06.039","article-title":"Associations of serum amino acids with insulin resistance among people with and without overweight or obesity: a prospective study in Japan","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2020.0075","article-title":"The occurrence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder according to three different diagnostic criteria for obesity","volume":"31","author":"Racicka-Pawlukiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.904748","article-title":"The relationship between ADHD and obesity: implications for therapy","volume":"14","author":"Cortese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2011_154","article-title":"Obesity and ADHD: clinical and neurobiological implications","volume":"9","author":"Cortese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000202825","article-title":"Platelet serotonin concentration in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"59","author":"Hercigonja Novkovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02596-O","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and whole-blood serotonin levels: effects of comorbidity","volume":"57","author":"Cook","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_425_16","article-title":"Platelet serotonin level and impulsivity in Human self-destructive behavior: a biological and psychological study","volume":"8","author":"Dutta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.01.006","article-title":"Platelet serotonin content correlates inversely with life history of aggression in personality-disordered subjects","volume":"126","author":"Goveas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0043","series-title":"Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-5 (R)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0044","first-page":"24","article-title":"Rating scales in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: use in assessment and treatment monitoring","volume":"59","author":"Conners","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0045","series-title":"Overweight and Obesity Statistics","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(83)90375-5","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of indoleamines, dopamine, and norepinephrine in rat brain with fluorometric detection","volume":"128","author":"Peat","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0047","series-title":"R: A language and Environment For Statistical Computing","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0048","series-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development For R. R Studio","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02815","article-title":"Estimation of effect size indices and standardized parameters","volume":"5","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0052","series-title":"The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis","first-page":"20","article-title":"The architecture of diagnostic research","author":"Haynes","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970209150607","article-title":"Serotonin platelet-transporter measures in childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): clinical versus experimental measures of impulsivity","volume":"3","author":"Oades","year":"2002","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3766","article-title":"Inhibiting peripheral serotonin synthesis reduces obesity and metabolic dysfunction by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Crane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.08.022","article-title":"Activation of Akt through 5-HT2A receptor ameliorates serotonin-induced degradation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in adipocytes","volume":"365","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32144","article-title":"Common obesity risk alleles in childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"162B","author":"Albayrak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-022-01098-z","article-title":"ADHD in childhood predicts BMI and body composition measurements over time in a population-based birth cohort","volume":"46","author":"Martins-Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Archives of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440925000797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0188440925000797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:09:43Z","timestamp":1771855783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0188440925000797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0188440925000797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0188-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0188-4409","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasma Serotonin as a Biomarker of the Severity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, in Children and Overweight\/Obesity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archives of Medical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103259","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103259"}}