{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1791803476641,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ard.eular.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T03:41:26Z","timestamp":1779853286000},"page":"1277-1289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of apremilast on whole-body magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral and axial inflammation in patients with psoriatic arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3690-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikkel","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G W","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter P","family":"Maksymowych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Boesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Bubb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kubassova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Colgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Deignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J","family":"Mease","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl(Suppl 2)","key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii14","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.032482","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome","volume":"64","author":"Gladman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30830-4","article-title":"The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis","volume":"391","author":"Veale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(73)90035-8","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis","volume":"3","author":"Moll","year":"1973","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091059","article-title":"Risk factors for axial inflammatory arthritis in patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Chandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0006-8","article-title":"Axial disease in psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: a critical comparison","volume":"14","author":"Feld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1329893","article-title":"Can imaging be used for inflammatory arthritis screening?","volume":"16","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg445","article-title":"A classification study of clinical subsets in an inception cohort of early psoriatic peripheral arthritis\u2013'DIP or not DIP revisited'","volume":"42","author":"Kane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200126","article-title":"GRAPPA treatment recommendations: updates and methods","volume":"96","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00798-0","article-title":"Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA): updated treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis 2021","volume":"18","author":"Coates","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181380","article-title":"Assessment of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"46","author":"Helliwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii55","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033928","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis and imaging","volume":"64","author":"Ory","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090352","article-title":"The OMERACT psoriatic arthritis magnetic resonance imaging scoring system (PsAMRIS): definitions of key pathologies, suggested MRI sequences, and preliminary scoring system for PsA Hands","volume":"36","author":"Ostergaard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110420","article-title":"The OMERACT psoriatic arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (PsAMRIS) is reliable and sensitive to change: results from an OMERACT workshop","volume":"38","author":"B\u00f8yesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141010","article-title":"Validation of the OMERACT psoriatic arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (PsAMRIS) for the hand and foot in a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Glinatsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161114","article-title":"Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in inflammatory arthritis: systematic literature review and first steps toward standardization and an OMERACT Scoring System","volume":"44","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181084","article-title":"Development and validation of an OMERACT MRI whole-body score for inflammation in peripheral joints and entheses in inflammatory arthritis (MRI-WIPE)","volume":"46","author":"Krabbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0017","series-title":"Otezla EPAR public assessment report","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0018","series-title":"Otezla [product monograph]","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0019","series-title":"Otezla [package insert]","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0020","unstructured":"Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency. List of Approved Drugs April 2004 to September 2025 [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.pmda.go.jp\/files\/000279952.pdf. Accessed 16 January 2026. Cited 16 January 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140647","article-title":"Longterm (52-week) results of a phase III randomized, controlled trial of apremilast in patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151376","article-title":"A phase III, randomized, controlled trial of apremilast in patients with psoriatic arthritis: results of the PALACE 2 trial","volume":"43","author":"Cutolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207963","article-title":"Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with psoriatic arthritis and current skin involvement: a phase III, randomised, controlled trial (PALACE 3)","volume":"75","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key032","article-title":"Apremilast monotherapy in DMARD-naive psoriatic arthritis patients: results of the randomized, placebo-controlled PALACE 4 trial","volume":"57","author":"Wells","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00232-7","article-title":"Effect of apremilast on hand and whole-body magnetic resonace imaging evidence of inflammation in patienss with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"7","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.084244","article-title":"Development and validation of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Enthesitis Index","volume":"68","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/731917","article-title":"Clinical and ultrasound examination of the leeds enthesitis index in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2011","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141574","article-title":"Development and preliminary validation of a digital overlay-based learning module for semiquantitative evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging lesions in osteoarthritis of the hip","volume":"43","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X231171766","article-title":"Comparative validation of the knee inflammation MRI scoring system and the MRI osteoarthritis knee score for semi-quantitative assessment of bone marrow lesions and synovitis-effusion in osteoarthritis: an international multi-reader exercise","volume":"15","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181093","article-title":"The OMERACT MRI in Enthesitis Initiative: definitions of key pathologies, suggested MRI sequences, and a novel heel enthesitis scoring system","volume":"46","author":"Mathew","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001150","article-title":"Atlas of the OMERACT Heel Enthesitis MRI Scoring System (HEMRIS)","volume":"6","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21445","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis research Consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging index for assessment of sacroiliac joint inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"53","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21337","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada magnetic resonance imaging index for assessment of spinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"53","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000624","volume":"4","author":"Krabbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0035","first-page":"3","article-title":"Active inflammatory lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the spine of patients with spondyloarthritis \u2013 definitions, assessment system, and reference image set","volume":"84","author":"Lambert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001057","article-title":"Canada-Denmark MRI scoring system of the spine in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: updated definitions, scoring rules and inter-reader reliability in a multiple reader setting","volume":"5","author":"Krabbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091043","article-title":"Low-dose infliximab (3 mg\/kg) significantly reduces spinal inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24134","article-title":"Treatment-to-target with apremilast in psoriatic arthritis: the probability of achieving targets and comprehensive control of disease manifestations","volume":"72","author":"Mease","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.122259","article-title":"Application of the DAREA\/DAPSA score for assessment of disease activity in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Schoels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu439","article-title":"Head-to-toe whole-body MRI in psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and healthy subjects: first steps towards global inflammation and damage scores of peripheral and axial joints","volume":"54","author":"Poggenborg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac073","article-title":"Implementation of the OMERACT Psoriatic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System in a randomized phase IIb study of abatacept in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"61","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket426","article-title":"No overall damage progression despite persistent inflammation in adalimumab-treated psoriatic arthritis patients: results from an investigator-initiated 48-week comparative magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and radiography trial","volume":"53","author":"Poggenborg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead162","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial manifestations from the MAXIMISE cohort","volume":"63","author":"Baraliakos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"supp 9","key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0044","first-page":"4700","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with psoriatic arthritis presenting with axial involvement: results of a prospective international multicenter study (AXIS)","volume":"76","author":"Torgutalp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03652-2","article-title":"Sacroiliac joint involvement in psoriatic arthritis - MRI, radiographic and clinical findings in 581 European routine care patients","volume":"27","author":"Vladimirova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-023-00564-y","article-title":"Tofacitinib reduces spinal inflammation in vertebral bodies and posterolateral elements in ankylosing spondylitis: results from a phase 2 trial","volume":"10","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e626","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(22)00185-0","article-title":"Effects of ixekizumab treatment on structural changes in the sacroiliac joint: MRI assessments at 16 weeks in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"4","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab758","article-title":"Filgotinib decreases both vertebral body and posterolateral spine inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis: results from the TORTUGA trial","volume":"61","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab543","article-title":"Impact of filgotinib on sacroiliac joint magnetic resonance imaging structural lesions at 12\u2009weeks in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (TORTUGA trial)","volume":"61","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.210906","article-title":"Baseline disease activity predicts achievement of cDAPSA treatment targets with apremilast: phase III results in DMARD-na\u00efve patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"49","author":"Mease","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496726002694?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003496726002694?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:01:32Z","timestamp":1783198892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003496726002694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003496726002694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of apremilast on whole-body magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral and axial inflammation in patients with psoriatic arthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ard.2026.04.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}