{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:36:45Z","timestamp":1788817005468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019418","name":"NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000320","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["443 AS JF 18017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["443 AS JF 18017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T02:27:16Z","timestamp":1705890436000},"page":"102197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["In vivo imaging of synaptic density in neurodegenerative disorders with positron emission tomography: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8380-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malouke","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elijah","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28617","article-title":"Reduced synaptic density in patients with lewy body dementia: an [(11) C]UCB-J PET imaging study","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2022.06.007","article-title":"Healthy brain aging assessed with [(18)F]FDG and [(11)C]UCB-J PET","volume":"112-113","author":"Andersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29375","article-title":"Synaptic density and glucose consumption in patients with lewy body diseases: an [(11) C]UCB-J and [(18) F]FDG PET study","volume":"38","author":"Andersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04461-x","article-title":"In vivo imaging of synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease with [18F]UCB-H positron emission tomography","volume":"47","author":"Bastin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25102303","article-title":"The rise of synaptic density PET imaging","volume":"25","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.07.038","article-title":"PET imaging of synaptic density: a new tool for investigation of neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"691","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1672","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0184","article-title":"Levodopa-induced plasticity: a double-edged sword in Parkinson's disease?","volume":"370","author":"Calabresi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284844","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of synaptophysin-based methods for quantification of synapses","volume":"25","author":"Calhoun","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6279","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176279","article-title":"Interaction between cognitive reserve and biomarkers in Alzheimer disease","volume":"21","author":"Carapelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60S","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.263201","article-title":"Imaging of synaptic density in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"63","author":"Carson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1836","article-title":"Assessing synaptic density in alzheimer disease with synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A positron emission tomographic imaging","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211004312","article-title":"Comparison of [(11)C]UCB-J and [(18)F]FDG PET in Alzheimer's disease: a tracer kinetic modeling study","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29395","article-title":"Synaptic loss in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 revealed by SV2A positron emission tomography","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.009","article-title":"Relationships between brain metabolism decrease in normal aging and changes in structural and functional connectivity","volume":"76","author":"Chetelat","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00772-0","article-title":"In vivo tau pathology is associated with synaptic loss and altered synaptic function","volume":"13","author":"Coomans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer'S. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28216","article-title":"Loss of Presynaptic Terminal Integrity in the Substantia Nigra in Early Parkinson's Disease","volume":"35","author":"Delva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29148","article-title":"Longitudinal positron emission tomography imaging of presynaptic terminals in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"37","author":"Delva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012969","article-title":"Synaptic damage and its clinical correlates in people with early huntington disease: a PET study","volume":"98","author":"Delva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib19","series-title":"PET and SPECT in Neurology","author":"Dierckx","year":"2021"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47S","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.129254","article-title":"Potential clinical applications of PET\/MR imaging in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"55","author":"Drzezga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035","article-title":"Pathology of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Dugger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R119","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/21\/R119","article-title":"A review of partial volume correction techniques for emission tomography and their applications in neurology, cardiology and oncology","volume":"57","author":"Erlandsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118167","article-title":"Identifying brain networks in synaptic density PET ((11)C-UCB-J) with independent component analysis","volume":"237","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1124254","article-title":"Linking resting-state network fluctuations with systems of coherent synaptic density: a multimodal fMRI and (11)C-UCB-J PET study","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-009-9288-2","article-title":"Down-regulation synaptic vesicle protein 2A in the anterior temporal neocortex of patients with intractable epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"Feng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"348","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf6667","article-title":"Imaging synaptic density in the living human brain","volume":"8","author":"Finnema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17724947","article-title":"Kinetic evaluation and test-retest reproducibility of [(11)C]UCB-J, a novel radioligand for positron emission tomography imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A in humans","volume":"38","author":"Finnema","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16653","article-title":"Reduced synaptic vesicle protein 2A binding in temporal lobe epilepsy: a [(11) C]UCB-J positron emission tomography study","volume":"61","author":"Finnema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.12.014","article-title":"Changes in glucose metabolism due to aging and gender-related differences in the healthy human brain","volume":"164","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.04.064","article-title":"Binding characteristics of brivaracetam, a selective, high affinity SV2A ligand in rat, mouse and human brain: relationship to anti-convulsant properties","volume":"664","author":"Gillard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-022-00898-8","article-title":"Impact of cerebral blood flow and amyloid load on SUVR bias","volume":"12","author":"Heeman","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S160","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/97295129","article-title":"Positron emission tomography imaging in dementia","volume":"80","author":"Herholz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28188","article-title":"Synaptic loss in primary tauopathies revealed by [(11) C]UCB-J positron emission tomography","volume":"35","author":"Holland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab282","article-title":"Molecular pathology and synaptic loss in primary tauopathies: an 18F-AV-1451 and 11C-UCB-J PET study","volume":"145","author":"Holland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain: a J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29421","article-title":"Longitudinal synaptic loss in primary tauopathies: an in vivo [(11) C]UCB-J positron emission tomography study","volume":"38","author":"Holland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2010.00543.x","article-title":"Sex- and age-related differences in brain FDG metabolism of healthy adults: an SPM analysis","volume":"22","author":"Hsieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04169.x","article-title":"Immunoautoradiographic analysis of NMDA receptor subunits and associated postsynaptic density proteins in the brain of dyskinetic MPTP-treated common marmosets","volume":"21","author":"Hurley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11603.1","article-title":"The emerging role of PET imaging in dementia","volume":"6","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer'S. Dement."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24394","article-title":"Fyn inhibition rescues established memory and synapse loss in Alzheimer mice","volume":"77","author":"Kaufman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4119-8","article-title":"Quantifying SV2A density and drug occupancy in the human brain using [(11)C]UCB-J PET imaging and subcortical white matter as reference tissue","volume":"46","author":"Koole","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13713","article-title":"Synaptopathies: synaptic dysfunction in neurological disorders - A review from students to students","volume":"138","author":"Lepeta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05149-3","article-title":"Assessment of test-retest reproducibility of [(18)F]SynVesT-1, a novel radiotracer for PET imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib44","article-title":"Partial volume correction analysis for (11)C-UCB-J PET studies of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"238","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.001","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental synaptopathies: Insights from behaviour in rodent models of synapse gene mutations","volume":"84","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9861","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308208101","article-title":"The synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam [Article]","volume":"101","author":"Lynch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.016","article-title":"In vivo coupling of dendritic complexity with presynaptic density in primary tauopathies","volume":"101","author":"Mak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51407","article-title":"Synaptic density in carriers of C9orf72 mutations: a [(11) C]UCB-J PET study","volume":"8","author":"Malpetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malpetti, M., Simon Jones, P., Cope, T.E., Holland, N., Naessens, M., Rouse, M.A., Savulich, G., Fryer, T.D., Hong, Y.T., Sephton, S.M., Aigbirhio, F.I., O'Brien, J.T., & Rowe, J.B. (2022). Synaptic loss in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia revealed by [11C]UCB-J PET. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.01.30.22270123.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.30.22270123"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26543","article-title":"Synaptic loss in frontotemporal dementia revealed by [(11) C]UCB-J positron emission tomography","volume":"93","author":"Malpetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.228080","article-title":"Characterization of 3 PET Tracers for Quantification of Mitochondrial and Synaptic Function in Healthy Human Brain: (18)F-BCPP-EF, (11)C-SA-4503, and (11)C-UCB-J","volume":"61","author":"Mansur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, S.L., Uribe, C., & Strafella, A.P. (2023). PET imaging of synaptic density in Parkinsonian disorders. Journal of Neuroscience Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.25253.","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25253"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25682","article-title":"Synaptic Changes in Parkinson Disease Assessed with in vivo Imaging","volume":"87","author":"Matuskey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12097","article-title":"In vivo measurement of widespread synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease with SV2A PET","volume":"16","author":"Mecca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer'S. Dement."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12582","article-title":"Synaptic density and cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease: a PET imaging study with [(11) C]UCB-J","volume":"18","author":"Mecca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer'S. Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.11.004","article-title":"Association of entorhinal cortical tau deposition and hippocampal synaptic density in older individuals with normal cognition and early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"111","author":"Mecca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201300482","article-title":"Discovery of heterocyclic nonacetamide synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligands with single-digit nanomolar potency: opening avenues towards the first SV2A positron emission tomography (PET) ligands","volume":"9","author":"Mercier","year":"2014","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddtec.2017.11.003","article-title":"Discovery and development of SV2A PET tracers: potential for imaging synaptic density and clinical applications","volume":"25","author":"Mercier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today.: Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-019-01387-6","article-title":"Validation of parametric methods for [(11)C]UCB-J pet imaging using subcortical white matter as reference tissue","volume":"22","author":"Mertens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117877","article-title":"Synaptic density in healthy human aging is not influenced by age or sex: a (11)C-UCB-J PET study","volume":"232","author":"Michiels","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.249144","article-title":"First-in-Human Evaluation of (18)F-SynVesT-1, a Radioligand for PET Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A","volume":"62","author":"Naganawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2021.01.034","article-title":"Association of A\u00df deposition and regional synaptic density in early Alzheimer's disease: a PET imaging study with [11C]UCB-J","volume":"29","author":"O'Dell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01565-z","article-title":"The synapse as a treatment avenue for Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"27","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.198317","article-title":"Imaging synaptic density: a different look at neurologic diseases","volume":"59","author":"Rabiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.02.008","article-title":"The midlife cognitive profiles of adults at high risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease: The PREVENT study","volume":"13","author":"Ritchie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer'S. Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1583","article-title":"Synaptic vesicle pools","volume":"6","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19879230","article-title":"Assessment of a white matter reference region for (11)C-UCB-J PET quantification","volume":"40","author":"Rossano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12426","article-title":"Huntington's disease (HD): the neuropathology of a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder of the human brain","volume":"26","author":"Rub","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95499-1","article-title":"In vivo exploration of synaptic projections in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"11","author":"Salmon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.796129","article-title":"Imaging synaptic density: the next holy grail of neuroscience?","volume":"16","author":"Serrano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.11.042","article-title":"Disease-modifying benefit of Fyn blockade persists after washout in mouse Alzheimer's model","volume":"130","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib73","first-page":"S17","article-title":"What is new in nuclear medicine imaging for dementia","volume":"59","author":"Topcuoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"N\u00f6ropsikiyatri ar\u015fivi"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib74","first-page":"S17","article-title":"What is new in nuclear medicine imaging for dementia","volume":"59","author":"Topcuoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.223867","article-title":"In vivo synaptic density imaging with (11)C-UCB-J detects treatment effects of saracatinib in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"60","author":"Toyonaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20964248","article-title":"Kinetics and 28-day test-retest repeatability and reproducibility of [(11)C]UCB-J PET brain imaging","volume":"41","author":"Tuncel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-021-00874-8","article-title":"Validation and test-retest repeatability performance of parametric methods for [(11)C]UCB-J PET","volume":"12","author":"Tuncel","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20981502","article-title":"In vivo synaptic density relates to glucose metabolism at rest in healthy subjects, but is strongly modulated by regional differences","volume":"41","author":"van Aalst","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2020.12.008","article-title":"PET agents in dementia: an overview","volume":"51","author":"van Waarde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01672-x","article-title":"Spatial decrease of synaptic density in amnestic mild cognitive impairment follows the tau build-up pattern","volume":"27","author":"Vanderlinden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e545","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009818","article-title":"In vivo synaptic density loss is related to tau deposition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"95","author":"Vanhaute","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkataraman, A.V., Mansur, A., Rizzo, G., Bishop, C., Lewis, Y., Kocagoncu, E., Lingford-Hughes, A., Huiban, M., Passchier, J., Rowe, J.B., Tsukada, H., Brooks, D.J., Martarello, L., Comley, R.A., Chen, L., Schwarz, A.J., Hargreaves, R., Gunn, R.N., Rabiner, E.A., & Matthews, P.M. (2022). Widespread cell stress and mitochondrial dysfunction occur in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Science Translational Medicine, 14(658), eabk1051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.abk1051.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abk1051"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vonsattel, J.P.G., Keller, C., & Cortes Ramirez, E.P. (2011). Chapter 4 - Huntington's disease \u2013 neuropathology. In W. J. Weiner & E. Tolosa (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Neurology (Vol. 100, pp. 83\u2013100). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978\u20130-444\u201352014-2.00004\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52014-2.00004-5"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28064","article-title":"Mitochondrial Complex 1, Sigma 1, and Synaptic Vesicle 2A in Early Drug-Naive Parkinson's Disease","volume":"35","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00270-1","article-title":"The role of pathological tau in synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's diseases","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.10.009","article-title":"Characterizing the normative profile of 18F-FDG PET brain imaging: sex difference, aging effect, and cognitive reserve","volume":"221","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.26","article-title":"Reference region approaches in PET: a comparative study on multiple radioligands","volume":"33","author":"Zanderigo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072","article-title":"NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231153730","article-title":"In vivo synaptic density loss correlates with impaired functional and related structural connectivity in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."}],"container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163724000151?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163724000151?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:57:57Z","timestamp":1778821077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568163724000151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S1568163724000151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-1637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-1637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In vivo imaging of synaptic density in neurodegenerative disorders with positron emission tomography: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ageing Research Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102197","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102197"}}