{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:51:09Z","timestamp":1789404669486,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T07:58:01Z","timestamp":1738828681000},"page":"102685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Postbiotics as a therapeutic tool in Alzheimer's disease: Insights into molecular pathways and neuroprotective effects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2450-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadga Raj","family":"Aran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratyush","family":"Porel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garry","family":"Hunjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamsher","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.D.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Rohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.003","article-title":"Microbial exopolysaccharides\u2013\u03b2-glucans\u2013as promising postbiotic candidates in vaccine adjuvants","volume":"223","author":"Abbasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050712","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and neuroprotection, what is new? An up-to-date systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Abd Mutalib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122543","article-title":"Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 mitigates Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related pathologies in wild-type mice","volume":"14","author":"Abdelhamid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210916102638","article-title":"The role of neuroglial metabotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Abd-Elrahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142730","article-title":"Localization and trafficking of amyloid-\u03b2 protein precursor and secretases: impact on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"45","author":"Agostinho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer'S. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126401","article-title":"Understanding A\u03b2 peptide binding to lipid membranes: a biophysical perspective","volume":"25","author":"Ahyayauch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050868","article-title":"Future modulation of gut microbiota: from eubiotics to FMT, engineered bacteria, and phage therapy","volume":"12","author":"Airola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1032494","article-title":"Effects of probiotic supplements on cognition, anxiety, and physical activity in subjects with mild and moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Akhgarjand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkhalifa A, Alkhalifa O, Durdanovic I, Ibrahim DR. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment. 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202408. 1375.v1.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202408.1375.v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010054","article-title":"The role of gut dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"12","author":"Anand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010587","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathobiology and pathophysiology: roles of astrocytes, gut microbiome, and muscle interactions via the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway, with disruption by glyphosate-based herbicides","volume":"24","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3673","article-title":"Oxidative stress direct bridge to central nervous system homeostatic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"40","author":"Anwar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00090","article-title":"Going the extra (synaptic) mile: excitotoxicity as the road toward neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Armada-Moreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib14","article-title":"Probiotic treatment improves the impaired spatial cognitive performance and restores synaptic plasticity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"376","author":"Asl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101340","article-title":"Biomarkers and utility of the antioxidant potential of probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as representatives of the human gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Averina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00522-2","article-title":"Microbiota in neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction: a focus on Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Bairamian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12962","article-title":"Sant'Ana AS. The future of functional food: Emerging technologies application on prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics","volume":"21","author":"Balthazar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02113-z","article-title":"Does modulation of tau hyperphosphorylation represent a reasonable therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease? From preclinical studies to the clinical trials","volume":"28","author":"Basheer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143770","article-title":"Gut-brain communication and obesity: understanding functions of the vagus nerve","volume":"131","author":"Berthoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03881-z","article-title":"GABAergic signaling by cells of the immune system: more the rule than the exception","volume":"78","author":"Bhandage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-024-00253-2","article-title":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"8","author":"Braga","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Sci. Food"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091353","article-title":"Role of oxidative damage in alzheimer\u2019s disease and neurodegeneration: from pathogenic mechanisms to biomarker discovery","volume":"10","author":"Buccellato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48042","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c06805","article-title":"Improvement of key molecular events linked to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology using postbiotics","volume":"8","author":"Bulacios","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8060517","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation controls murine chronic intestinal inflammation by modulating immune cell functions and gut microbiota composition","volume":"8","author":"Burrello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5896","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162844","article-title":"Clusters of hyperactive neurons near amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"321","author":"Busche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8740","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206171109","article-title":"Critical role of soluble amyloid-\u03b2 for early hippocampal hyperactivity in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"109","author":"Busche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib27","article-title":"Microglia in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1390433","article-title":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LC86 mitigates age-related muscle wasting and cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice through gut microbiota modulation and the regulation of serum inflammatory factors","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14345","article-title":"The GABAergic system as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"146","author":"Calvo-Flores Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the multifaceted therapeutic potential of probiotics: a review of current insights and applications","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062099","article-title":"Regulation of neurotransmitters by the gut microbiota and effects on cognition in neurological disorders","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib32","first-page":"45","article-title":"Different strategies targeting gut microbiota for the management of several disorders: a sustainable approach","volume":"24","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Disord. -Drug Targets (Former. Curr. Drug Targets-Infect. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11071000","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics on mitigation of depression symptoms: modulation of the brain\u2013gut\u2013microbiome axis","volume":"11","author":"Chudzik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1007004","article-title":"Optimization of growth of Levilactobacillus brevis SP 48 and in vitro evaluation of the effect of viable cells and high molecular weight potential postbiotics on Helicobacter pylori","volume":"10","author":"Cimini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2666","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010733","article-title":"Effect of escitalopram on A\u03b2 levels and plaque load in an Alzheimer mouse model","volume":"95","author":"Cirrito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2330043","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae extracellular vesicles aggravate alveolar epithelial barrier disruption via autophagic degradation of OCLN (occludin)","volume":"20","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030995","article-title":"Production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from lactic acid bacteria: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01938-w","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Novel targets and investigational drugs for disease modification","volume":"83","author":"Cummings","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13370","article-title":"Modulation of gut-microbiota through probiotics and dietary interventions to improve host health","author":"Dasriya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0333-5","article-title":"The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"DeTure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.792746","article-title":"Evaluation of the anti-aging effects of a probiotic combination isolated from centenarians in a SAMP8 mouse model","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.01.003","article-title":"Dopamine and noradrenaline control distinct functions in rodent microglial cells","volume":"29","author":"F\u00e4rber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040657","article-title":"Mechanisms of blood\u2013brain barrier protection by microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids","volume":"12","author":"Fock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.02.012","article-title":"Efficacy and blood plasmalogen changes by oral administration of plasmalogen in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Fujino","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S264910","article-title":"Targeting impaired antimicrobial immunity in the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","author":"Fulop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201019666180528094202","article-title":"Intestinal crosstalk between microbiota and serotonin and its impact on gut motility","volume":"19","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib47","article-title":"Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights","author":"Ghassab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112358","article-title":"The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and alzheimer disease. From dysbiosis to neurodegeneration: Focus on the central nervous system glial cells","volume":"10","author":"Giovannini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142244","article-title":"Postbiotics as molecules targeting cellular events of aging brain\u2014the role in pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"16","author":"G\u0142owacka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152262","article-title":"Autophagy: a key regulator of homeostasis and disease: an overview of molecular mechanisms and modulators","volume":"11","author":"G\u00f3mez-Virgilio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids act as mediators of the gut\u2013brain axis targeting age-related neurodegenerative disorders: a narrative review","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.815347","article-title":"Microglia polarization from M1 to M2 in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101955","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging","volume":"88","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13010089","article-title":"Postbiotics: functional food materials and therapeutic agents for cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128285578231218102020","article-title":"Interplay of G-proteins and serotonin in the neuroimmunoinflammatory model of chronic stress and depression: a narrative review","volume":"30","author":"Gusev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6143","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116143","article-title":"Noradrenaline in alzheimer\u2019s disease: a new potential therapeutic target","volume":"23","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201022666210104115836","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human body interactions; its impact on health: a review","volume":"23","author":"Hajiagha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01249-0","article-title":"The amyloid-\u03b2 pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Hampel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Postbiotic application: a review on extraction, purification, and characterization methods","author":"Homayouni-Rad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106619","article-title":"Characterising lipoteichoic acid as an in vitro model of acute neuroinflammation","volume":"85","author":"Howe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020305","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus plantarum C29-fermented soybean (DW2009) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a 12-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13152437","article-title":"Contributions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced by lactic acid bacteria on food quality and human health: current applications and future prospects","volume":"13","author":"Icer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13475","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413475","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms influenced by postbiotics","volume":"22","author":"Jastrz\u0105b","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2023.07.024","article-title":"Weissella confusa MW051433 and Levilactobacillus brevis MW362788 of human milk origin possess antioxidant competency: In vivo evidence","volume":"133","author":"Javed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.320970","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib66","first-page":"3","article-title":"NF-\u03baB as a key mediator of brain inflammation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Ju Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. -Drug Targets (Former. Curr. Drug Targets-CNS Neurol. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111064","article-title":"Dysbiosis of gut microbiota from the perspective of the gut\u2013brain axis: role in the provocation of neurological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Kandpal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1439176","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a modern adjuvant therapy in various diseases and disorders: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"15","author":"Karimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.59","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation forclostridium difficileinfection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Kassam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Off. J. Am. Coll. Gastroenterol. | ACG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200436","article-title":"Effects of probiotic supplementation on short chain fatty acids in the AppNL-G-Fmouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"76","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3556-7_5","article-title":"Pharmacology of dopamine and its receptors","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol. Neurotransm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.709091","article-title":"Administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI improves cognitive and memory function in the mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142982","article-title":"Role of short chain fatty acids in epilepsy and potential benefits of probiotics and prebiotics: targeting \u201chealth\u201d of epileptic patients","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2018.0170","article-title":"Effects of Bifidobacterium breve A1 on the cognitive function of older adults with memory complaints: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib75","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: an integrating overview of reactive-Neuroimmune cell interactions in health and disease","volume":"2021","author":"K\u00f6lliker-Frers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-023-00836-x","article-title":"Exercise combined with postbiotics treatment results in synergistic improvement of mitochondrial function in the brain of male transgenic mice for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Kolonics","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020240","article-title":"The association of the oral microbiota with the effects of acid stress induced by an increase of brain lactate in schizophrenia patients","volume":"11","author":"Krzy\u015bciak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13182937","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of postbiotics with a special focus on discovery techniques and clinical applications","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115022","article-title":"Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H2O2","volume":"165","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01084-z","article-title":"Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles counteract A\u03b242-induced abnormal transcriptional changes through the upregulation of MeCP2 and Sirt1 and improve A\u03b2 pathology in Tg-APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"55","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.875662","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection in glaucoma: a review of the current state of the art","volume":"13","author":"Lambuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21087","article-title":"Astrocytes are GABAergic cells that modulate microglial activity","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/aro2.7","article-title":"From probiotics to postbiotics: Concepts and applications","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Res. One Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5026","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02073-3","article-title":"Gut microbiota and dysbiosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: implications for pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.634897","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiota and immune system by probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13223529","article-title":"Probiotic, Postbiotic, and Paraprobiotic Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a Modulator of Obesity-Associated Factors","volume":"13","author":"L\u00f3pez-Almada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5635","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16035635","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying \u03b2-adrenergic receptor-mediated cross-talk between sympathetic neurons and immune cells","volume":"16","author":"Lorton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.058","article-title":"SadA-expressing staphylococci in the human gut show increased cell adherence and internalization","volume":"22","author":"Luqman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6971","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25136971","article-title":"The postbiotic properties of butyrate in the modulation of the gut microbiota: the potential of its combination with polyphenols and dietary fibers","volume":"25","author":"Maiuolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121903","article-title":"Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics and postbiotic compounds in IBD","volume":"11","author":"Martyniak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234186","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of the inositol D-pinitol as a multi-faceted disease modifier in the 5\u00d7\u2009FAD humanized mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s amyloidosis","volume":"16","author":"Medina-Vera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.29252\/ibj.24.4.220","article-title":"Assessment of probiotics mixture on memory function, inflammation markers, and oxidative stress in an Alzheimer's disease model of rats","volume":"24","author":"Mehrabadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. Biomed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.07.007","article-title":"The role of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"74","author":"Mezzaroba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.06.003","article-title":"Role of microglia M1\/M2 polarisation in the paraventricular nucleus: new insight into the development of stress-induced hypertension in rats","volume":"213","author":"Mi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib95","series-title":"Diet and immune function","author":"Miles","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib96","article-title":"Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders","volume":"139","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13816","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241813816","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of peripheral dopamine","volume":"24","author":"Moore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib98","article-title":"Implications of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Mroke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.32552\/2022.ActaMedica.650","article-title":"A review of glutamate and its receptors: their roles in brain physiology and pathology","volume":"53","author":"Mutluay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Med."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6119","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c00923","article-title":"Role of polyphenols on gut microbiota and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"69","author":"Nargeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib101","article-title":"Targeting gut microbiota to alleviate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"188","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"5726","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","article-title":"Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo","volume":"308","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050524","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Onyango","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.656895","article-title":"GABA production by human intestinal Bacteroides spp.: prevalence, regulation, and role in acid stress tolerance","volume":"12","author":"Otaru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318227427b","article-title":"The effects of natural S-equol supplementation on skin aging in postmenopausal women: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Oyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53810-w","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum 1714 improves sleep quality and aspects of well-being in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Patterson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2022","article-title":"Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease","volume":"104","author":"Perluigi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.37231\/ajmb.2024.8.1.650","article-title":"The different molecular targets and its significant role in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review","volume":"8","author":"Perumal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Med. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-6703-9_5","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiome and its modulation in neurodegenerative diseases","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Funct. Foods Ther. Strateg. Neurodegener. Disord."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20210139","article-title":"Inhibitory feedback control of NF-\u03baB signalling in health and disease","volume":"478","author":"Prescott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12070624","article-title":"Postbiotic-enabled targeting of the host-microbiota-pathogen interface: hints of antibiotic decline?","volume":"12","author":"Puccetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib112","series-title":"Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology","first-page":"33","article-title":"Food and toxicologic pathology","author":"Pulido","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.1215","article-title":"Mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids derived from gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib114","article-title":"Promising bioactivities of postbiotics: a comprehensive review","author":"Rafique","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01908","article-title":"Regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and browning by prebiotics and postbiotics","volume":"9","author":"Reyn\u00e9s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071717","article-title":"Microglia: agents of the CNS pro-inflammatory response","volume":"9","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8375","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2056727","article-title":"Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research","volume":"63","author":"Sabahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib118","series-title":"Human Microbiome: Techniques, Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential","first-page":"519","article-title":"Microbiome-based formulations and products and their therapeutic implications","author":"Sabir","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","article-title":"The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics","volume":"18","author":"Salminen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040721","article-title":"GSK-3 and Tau: a key duet in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Sayas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111640","article-title":"Postbiotics and their health modulatory biomolecules","volume":"12","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020690","article-title":"Crosstalk between gut and brain in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the role of gut microbiota modulation strategies","volume":"13","author":"Shabbir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.09.005","article-title":"Interplay of gut microbiota and oxidative stress: perspective on neurodegeneration and neuroprotection","volume":"38","author":"Shandilya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01672-3","article-title":"CEST imaging combined with 1H-MRS reveal the neuroprotective effects of riluzole by improving neurotransmitter imbalances in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice","volume":"17","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer'S. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00977-x","article-title":"Combination of gut microbiota and plasma amyloid-\u03b2 as a potential index for identifying preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional analysis from the SILCODE study","volume":"14","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer'S. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5984","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2160962","article-title":"Gut microbiome modulation by probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics: A novel strategy in food allergy prevention and treatment","volume":"64","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ant.2024.02.002","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiota with probiotics as a strategy to counteract endogenous and exogenous neurotoxicity","volume":"11","author":"Skalny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Neurotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, X., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, C., Yang, G., Li, S., 2022. Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 prevents cognitive dysfunction in D-galactose\/AlCl3 induced mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease via modulating gut microbiota and PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 signaling pathway. Dec 2Nutr. Neurosci. 25 (12), 2588\u20132600. 10.1080\/1028415X.2021.1991556..","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2021.1991556"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24977","article-title":"Glia: a major player in glutamate\u2013GABA dysregulation-mediated neurodegeneration","volume":"99","author":"Sood","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0307-3","article-title":"GABA-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Strandwitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.034","article-title":"Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation, and the effects on clinical, metabolic and genetic status in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Tamtaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib132","series-title":"InSerotonin-Neurotransmitter and Hormone of Brain, Bowels and Blood","article-title":"Unlocking the mysteries: serotonin receptor networks explored","author":"Tanveer","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01721-1","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current progress in molecular signaling and therapeutics","volume":"46","author":"Thakur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11193094","article-title":"Postbiotics: current trends in food and pharmaceutical industry","volume":"11","author":"Thorakkattu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041650","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in neurological disorders and its therapeutic significance","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-56050-0_3","article-title":"Microtubule organization and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)","author":"Tortosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dendrites: Dev. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib137","unstructured":"Ulucay O. Microbial Insights: A Comprehensive Journey through Microbiology. 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10809102."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.088","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in metabolism and cell death","volume":"482","author":"Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031230","article-title":"Health benefits of consuming foods with bacterial probiotics, postbiotics, and their metabolites: a review","volume":"28","author":"Vera-Santander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020148","article-title":"Modulation of the serotonergic receptosome in the treatment of anxiety and depression: a narrative review of the experimental evidence","volume":"14","author":"Villas-Boas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11081077","article-title":"The concept of postbiotics","volume":"11","author":"Vinderola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib142","series-title":"Human Microbiome: Techniques, Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential","first-page":"657","article-title":"Regulatory Considerations for Microbiome-Based Therapeutics","author":"Waheed","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.959856","article-title":"Gut microbiota, pathogenic proteins and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14312","article-title":"Potential effects of antibiotic-induced gut microbiome alteration on blood\u2013brain barrier permeability compromise in rhesus monkeys","volume":"1470","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib145","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum-derived postbiotics prevent Salmonella-induced neurological dysfunctions by modulating gut\u2013brain axis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200488","article-title":"Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve in improving cognitive functions of older adults with suspected mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer'S. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0134","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease with the involvement of microglia and astrocyte crosstalk and gut-brain axis","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.02.021","article-title":"Potentiation of brain mitochondrial function by S-equol and R\/S-equol estrogen receptor \u03b2-selective phytoSERM treatments","volume":"1514","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020379","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids: essential weapons of traditional medicine in treating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"29","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib150","first-page":"759","article-title":"Outcomes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine","volume":"13","author":"Zemek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01911-3","article-title":"Recent advances in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16060844","article-title":"Live and heat-inactivated streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 mediate the gut\u2013brain axis, alleviating cognitive dysfunction in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101464","article-title":"Autophagy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis: Therapeutic potential and future perspectives","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4646","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00652","article-title":"Bifidobacterium breve HNXY26M4 attenuates cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation by regulating the gut\u2013brain axis in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"71","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2463-7","article-title":"Clearance of cerebral A\u03b2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: reassessing the role of microglia and monocytes","volume":"74","author":"Zuroff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."}],"container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163725000315?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163725000315?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T08:11:34Z","timestamp":1741507894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568163725000315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":155,"alternative-id":["S1568163725000315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-1637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-1637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Postbiotics as a therapeutic tool in Alzheimer's disease: Insights into molecular pathways and neuroprotective effects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ageing Research Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102685","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102685"}}