{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:44:01Z","timestamp":1790441041493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":315,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010950","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013072","name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221100310200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221100310200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:41:35Z","timestamp":1764808895000},"page":"102983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["cGAS-STING-driven inflammaging cascade in aging-related retinal diseases: From pathological mechanism to therapeutic potentials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0917-1187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaosu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yameng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizhu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongming","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5328","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00037-14","article-title":"Cytosolic-DNA-mediated, STING-dependent proinflammatory gene induction necessitates canonical NF-kappaB activation through TBK1","volume":"88","author":"Abe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12306","article-title":"cGAS produces a 2\u2032-5\u2032-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING","volume":"498","author":"Ablasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12640","article-title":"Cell intrinsic immunity spreads to bystander cells via the intercellular transfer of cGAMP","volume":"503","author":"Ablasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2784","article-title":"A complex secretory program orchestrated by the inflammasome controls paracrine senescence","volume":"15","author":"Acosta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib5","first-page":"10","article-title":"Antioxidant defenses in the human eye: a focus on metallothioneins","author":"Alvarez-Barrios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S143508","article-title":"Recent developments in age-related macular degeneration: a review","volume":"12","author":"Al-Zamil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Inter. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3459","article-title":"Immunology of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Ambati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.018","article-title":"Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"75","author":"Ambati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40559","article-title":"Inhibition of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase using a novel antimalarial drug derivative in Trex1-deficient mice","volume":"70","author":"An","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402793","article-title":"Cutting edge: antimalarial drugs inhibit IFN-beta production through blockade of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-DNA interaction","volume":"194","author":"An","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23890","article-title":"cGAS senses long and HMGB\/TFAM-bound U-turn DNA by forming protein-DNA ladders","volume":"549","author":"Andreeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0073-4","article-title":"The mitophagy activator urolithin A is safe and induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health in humans","volume":"1","author":"Andreux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00538-9","article-title":"The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 7. The relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration","volume":"130","author":"Anon","year":"2000","journal-title":"AGIS Invest. Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib14","first-page":"7","article-title":"Chromosomal instability as a driver of tumor heterogeneity and evolution","author":"Bakhoum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.056","article-title":"TBK1 and IKKepsilon act redundantly to mediate STING-induced NF-kappaB responses in myeloid cells","volume":"31","author":"Balka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100916","article-title":"Inflammation in glaucoma: from the back to the front of the eye, and beyond","volume":"83","author":"Baudouin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.2.547","article-title":"The free radical theory of aging matures","volume":"78","author":"Beckman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202838","article-title":"BET protein function is required for inflammation: Brd2 genetic disruption and BET inhibitor JQ1 impair mouse macrophage inflammatory responses","volume":"190","author":"Belkina","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.04.005","article-title":"Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): relationships between the photoreceptor\/retinal pigment epithelium\/Bruch's membrane\/choriocapillaris complex","volume":"33","author":"Bhutto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23810","article-title":"Temporospatial distribution and transcriptional profile of retinal microglia in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model","volume":"68","author":"Boeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.08.003","article-title":"The dynamic nature of Bruch's membrane","volume":"29","author":"Booij","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.10.007","article-title":"Regulation of mitochondrial ATP production: Ca(2+) signaling and quality control","volume":"26","author":"Boyman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64125","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in aging","volume":"123","author":"Bratic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3479","article-title":"Newly described pattern recognition receptors team up against intracellular pathogens","volume":"13","author":"Broz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.05.011","article-title":"Age related macular degeneration and drusen: neuroinflammation in the retina","volume":"95","author":"Buschini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(99)00009-9","article-title":"Oxidative damage and protection of the RPE","volume":"19","author":"Cai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.003","article-title":"Senescent cells, tumor suppression, and organismal aging: good citizens, bad neighbors","volume":"120","author":"Campisi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.06.002","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases","volume":"49","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90035-C","article-title":"Age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities are region and organ, as well as sex, selective in the rat","volume":"65","author":"Carrillo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Type I Interferon signaling prevents IL-1beta-driven lethal systemic hyperinflammation during invasive bacterial infection of soft tissue","volume":"19","author":"Castiglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161674","article-title":"Intrinsic antiproliferative activity of the innate sensor STING in T lymphocytes","volume":"214","author":"Cerboni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18268","article-title":"Carcinoma-astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer","volume":"533","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210924110144","article-title":"cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I response in host defense and neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.10.003","article-title":"Immune regulation in the aging retina","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-5103","article-title":"Immune activation in retinal aging: a gene expression study","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300798","article-title":"An alternative splicing isoform of MITA antagonizes MITA-mediated induction of type I IFNs","volume":"192","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12447","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelial cell multinucleation in the aging eye - a mechanism to repair damage and maintain homoeostasis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3558","article-title":"Regulation and function of the cGAS-STING pathway of cytosolic DNA sensing","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62124-3","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"376","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.17276711","article-title":"Control of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by NF-kappaB promotes senescence and enhances chemosensitivity","volume":"25","author":"Chien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12305","article-title":"Structural mechanism of cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS","volume":"498","author":"Civril","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20101701","article-title":"Novel cross-talk within the IKK family controls innate immunity","volume":"434","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31692","article-title":"CX3CR1-dependent subretinal microglia cell accumulation is associated with cardinal features of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"117","author":"Combadiere","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86892","article-title":"The host STING pathway at the interface of cancer and immunity","volume":"126","author":"Corrales","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.01.011","article-title":"Pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy engages cellular senescence and is amenable to therapeutic elimination via BCL-xL inhibition","volume":"33","author":"Crespo-Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.03.003","article-title":"Phenotypes and biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"41","author":"Cunha-Vaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02118","article-title":"A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence","volume":"426","author":"D'adda Di Fagagna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.016","article-title":"Acetylation Blocks cGAS Activity and Inhibits Self-DNA-Induced Autoimmunity","volume":"176","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101768","article-title":"Innate immunity dysregulation in aging eye and therapeutic interventions","volume":"82","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200411","article-title":"Protein S-palmitoylation in immunity","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0784-9","article-title":"L1 drives IFN in senescent cells and promotes age-associated inflammation","volume":"566","author":"De Cecco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z","article-title":"The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Decout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.019","article-title":"STING-Dependent Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Radiation-Induced Type I Interferon-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in Immunogenic Tumors","volume":"41","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3813","article-title":"A bacterial cyclic dinucleotide activates the cytosolic surveillance pathway and mediates innate resistance to tuberculosis","volume":"21","author":"Dey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2025.06.005","article-title":"MLKL activates the cGAS-STING pathway by releasing mitochondrial DNA upon necroptosis induction","volume":"85","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.07.001","article-title":"STING activation by translocation from the ER is associated with infection and autoinflammatory disease","volume":"18","author":"Dobbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/eye\/6700095","article-title":"Comparison of serum NO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, sIL-2R, IL-6 and IL-8 levels with grades of retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Doganay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020040905024","article-title":"Aging of the optic nerve","volume":"98","author":"Dolman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0654","article-title":"Regulation of Monocyte Activation by PPARalpha Through Interaction With the cGAS-STING Pathway","volume":"72","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24050","article-title":"Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer","volume":"550","author":"Dou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat1022","article-title":"DNA-induced liquid phase condensation of cGAS activates innate immune signaling","volume":"361","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S2777","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration and the aging eye","volume":"3","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Inter. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1228","article-title":"Cellular reorganization in the human retina during normal aging","volume":"48","author":"Eliasieh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.04.006","article-title":"The gut microbiota prime systemic antiviral immunity via the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis","volume":"55","author":"Erttmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2017.07.001","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: breaking the barrier","volume":"24","author":"Eshaq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257832","article-title":"Tissue macrophages act as cellular chaperones for vascular anastomosis downstream of VEGF-mediated endothelial tip cell induction","volume":"116","author":"Fantin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration: a review","volume":"331","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13234","article-title":"Type I interferons and related pathways in cell senescence","volume":"19","author":"Frisch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13234","article-title":"Type I interferons and related pathways in cell senescence","volume":"19","author":"Frisch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2020.12.011","article-title":"Biomolecular condensates in autophagy regulation","volume":"69","author":"Fujioka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.039","article-title":"The DNA Inflammasome in Human Myeloid is initiated by a STING-cell death program upstream of NLRP3","volume":"171","author":"Gaidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2017.11.013","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome renders cell death pro-inflammatory","volume":"430","author":"Gaidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.02.007","article-title":"The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging","volume":"20","author":"Galletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.026","article-title":"Autophagy-independent functions of the autophagy machinery","volume":"177","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.046","article-title":"Cyclic [G(2\u2032,5\u2032)pA(3\u2032,5\u2032)p] is the metazoan second messenger produced by DNA-activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase","volume":"153","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03391-w","article-title":"cGAMP promotes inner blood-retinal barrier breakdown through P2RX7-mediated transportation into microglia","volume":"22","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.004","article-title":"Oxidative damage of DNA confers resistance to cytosolic nuclease TREX1 degradation and potentiates STING-dependent immune sensing","volume":"39","author":"Gehrke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3586","article-title":"Innate immune sensing of cytosolic chromatin fragments through cGAS promotes senescence","volume":"19","author":"Gluck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009597","article-title":"STING regulates metabolic reprogramming in macrophages via HIF-1alpha during Brucella infection","volume":"17","author":"Gomes","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715237115","article-title":"Heterochromatin protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative damage by silencing p53 target genes","volume":"115","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.061","article-title":"Trafficking-mediated STING degradation requires sorting to acidified endolysosomes and can be targeted to enhance anti-tumor response","volume":"21","author":"Gonugunta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/282438","article-title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair in selected eukaryotic aging model systems","volume":"2012","author":"Gredilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1006-9","article-title":"Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway","volume":"567","author":"Gui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801233","article-title":"Brucella abortus cyclic dinucleotides Trigger STING-dependent unfolded protein response that favors bacterial replication","volume":"202","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00573-w","article-title":"Signalling strength determines proapoptotic functions of STING","volume":"8","author":"Gulen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111976","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 accumulation in response to transient hypoglycemia may worsen diabetic eye disease","volume":"42","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-022-00390-6","article-title":"Intravitreal injection of mitochondrial DNA induces cell damage and retinal dysfunction in rats","volume":"55","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00637-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA drives noncanonical inflammation activation via cGAS-STING signaling pathway in retinal microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00531-5","article-title":"OTUD5 promotes innate antiviral and antitumor immunity through deubiquitinating and stabilizing STING","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00012-3","article-title":"Changes in Bruch's membrane and related structures with age","volume":"18","author":"Guymer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0287-8","article-title":"Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"559","author":"Haag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1099","article-title":"Maculas affected by age-related macular degeneration contain increased chelatable iron in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane","volume":"121","author":"Hahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184843","article-title":"Discovery of PF-06928215 as a high affinity inhibitor of cGAS enabled by a novel fluorescence polarization assay","volume":"12","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3304","article-title":"The catalytic mechanism of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and implications for innate immunity and inhibition","volume":"26","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7768","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806239115","article-title":"Nitro-fatty acids are formed in response to virus infection and are potent inhibitors of STING palmitoylation and signaling","volume":"115","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7124","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.7124","article-title":"The aging process","volume":"78","author":"Harman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.012","article-title":"DNA damage primes the type I interferon system via the cytosolic DNA sensor STING to promote anti-microbial innate immunity","volume":"42","author":"Hartlova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208129","article-title":"Mechanisms and management of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"367","author":"Hartnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22572-8","article-title":"STING enhances cell death through regulation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage","volume":"12","author":"Hayman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.65.12.850","article-title":"Altered cellular immunity and suppressor cell activity in patients with primary retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"65","author":"Heredia","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105465118","article-title":"STING inhibitors target the cyclic dinucleotide binding pocket","volume":"118","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39984","article-title":"The allosteric activation of cGAS underpins its dynamic signaling landscape","volume":"7","author":"Hooy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0244-x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS-STING signalling","volume":"21","author":"Hopfner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02602-y","article-title":"Emerging role of STING signalling in CNS injury: inflammation, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2019.05.005","article-title":"Intravitreal nanoparticles for retinal delivery","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.002","article-title":"mtDNA Activates cGAS Signaling and Suppresses the YAP-Mediated Endothelial Cell Proliferation Program to Promote Inflammatory Injury","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.03.011","article-title":"Age-related changes in human macular Bruch's membrane as seen by quick-freeze\/deep-etch","volume":"85","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.141","article-title":"Necroptosis in microglia contributes to neuroinflammation and retinal degeneration through TLR4 activation","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0323-3","article-title":"A protein-interaction network of interferon-stimulated genes extends the innate immune system landscape","volume":"20","author":"Hubel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.276332","article-title":"Inner blood-retina barrier involvement in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology","volume":"15","author":"Hudson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.1.253","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of a macrophage-specific antigen in developing mouse retina: phagocytosis of dying neurons and differentiation of microglial cells to form a regular array in the plexiform layers","volume":"97","author":"Hume","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23583","article-title":"Glucose, lactate, and shuttling of metabolites in vertebrate retinas","volume":"93","author":"Hurley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1337","article-title":"Ultrastructural aging of the RPE-Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex in the D-galactose-treated mouse","volume":"45","author":"Ida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07317","article-title":"STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling","volume":"455","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08476","article-title":"STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity","volume":"461","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.24109","article-title":"Syntaxin 17: the autophagosomal SNARE","volume":"9","author":"Itakura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201212110","article-title":"Lysosome-mediated processing of chromatin in senescence","volume":"202","author":"Ivanov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib119","article-title":"Blood-retina barrier failure and vision loss in neuron-specific degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Ivanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.699623","article-title":"Crosstalk Between Dysfunctional Mitochondria and Inflammation in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Jassim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-02712-8","article-title":"Bacteria sting viral invaders","volume":"586","author":"Jenson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0699-0","article-title":"Redox homeostasis maintained by GPX4 facilitates STING activation","volume":"21","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.05.026","article-title":"Structural basis of the farnesoid X receptor\/retinoid X receptor heterodimer on inverted repeat DNA","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2322421","article-title":"Aging STINGs: mitophagy at the crossroads of neuroinflammation","volume":"20","author":"Jimenez-Loygorri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45044-1","article-title":"Mitophagy curtails cytosolic mtDNA-dependent activation of cGAS\/STING inflammation during aging","volume":"15","author":"Jimenez-Loygorri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30122","article-title":"Protein palmitoylation and its pathophysiological relevance","volume":"236","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09830","article-title":"DICER1 deficit induces Alu RNA toxicity in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"471","author":"Kaneko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-212988","article-title":"Apoptosis-derived membrane vesicles drive the cGAS-STING pathway and enhance type I IFN production in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"77","author":"Kato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4450","article-title":"cGAS drives noncanonical-inflammasome activation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Kerur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav4011","article-title":"VDAC oligomers form mitochondrial pores to release mtDNA fragments and promote lupus-like disease","volume":"366","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4428","article-title":"IRF3 and type I interferons fuel a fatal response to myocardial infarction","volume":"23","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.02.001","article-title":"Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditions","volume":"34","author":"Klaassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11222","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4239-09.2010","article-title":"Age-related deterioration of rod vision in mice","volume":"30","author":"Kolesnikov","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.049","article-title":"Cyclic dinucleotides trigger ULK1 (ATG1) phosphorylation of STING to prevent sustained innate immune signaling","volume":"155","author":"Konno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.732820","article-title":"The \"Neuro-Glial-Vascular\" Unit: The Role of Glia in Neurovascular Unit Formation and Dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Kugler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08620-4","article-title":"Development of human cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors for repression of dsDNA-triggered interferon expression","volume":"10","author":"Lama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12901","article-title":"Extranuclear DNA accumulates in aged cells and contributes to senescence and inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.07.018","article-title":"The role of the innate immune response in autoimmune disease","volume":"29","author":"Lang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601999","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Activation of STING in T Cells Induces Type I IFN Responses and Cell Death","volume":"199","author":"Larkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S297494","article-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy in the Aging Population: A Perspective of Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Leley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Inter. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32831eef82","article-title":"Ocular perfusion pressure and glaucoma: clinical trial and epidemiologic findings","volume":"20","author":"Leske","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.051","article-title":"Nine-year incidence of open-angle glaucoma in the Barbados Eye Studies","volume":"114","author":"Leske","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.08.015","article-title":"Non-canonical STING-PERK pathway dependent epigenetic regulation of vascular endothelial dysfunction via integrating IRF3 and NF-kappaB in inflammatory response","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.097","article-title":"The Cyclopeptide Astin C Specifically Inhibits the Innate Immune CDN Sensor STING","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004783","article-title":"PPM1A regulates antiviral signaling by antagonizing TBK1-mediated STING phosphorylation and aggregation","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00729-3","article-title":"Dephosphorylation of cGAS by PPP6C impairs its substrate binding activity and innate antiviral response","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112138","article-title":"Aging and diabetic retinopathy: Inherently intertwined pathophysiological processes","volume":"175","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01712-7","article-title":"Iron derived from NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy causes cellular senescence via the cGAS-STING pathway","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00854-y","article-title":"cGAS inhibition alleviates Alu RNA-induced immune responses and cytotoxicity in retinal pigmented epithelium","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119055","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2119055","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulate radiotherapy-associated antitumor immune responses against hepatocellular carcinoma Via STING signaling","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06111-5","article-title":"TGR5 supresses cGAS\/STING pathway by inhibiting GRP75-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial coupling in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01566-5","article-title":"Host STING-dependent MDSC mobilization drives extrinsic radiation resistance","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.01.009","article-title":"Crosstalk between the cGAS DNA sensor and Beclin-1 autophagy protein shapes innate antimicrobial immune responses","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12156","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605211103","article-title":"Dendrites of rod bipolar cells sprout in normal aging retina","volume":"103","author":"Liets","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S158513","article-title":"Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases","volume":"13","author":"Liguori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Inter. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aaa2630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa2630","article-title":"Phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING, and TRIF induces IRF3 activation","volume":"347","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib157","first-page":"8","article-title":"Activated cGAS\/STING signaling elicits endothelial cell senescence in early diabetic retinopathy","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.06.007","article-title":"Aging and ocular tissue stiffness in glaucoma","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.06.020","article-title":"Post-translational modification control of innate immunity","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib160","article-title":"Microglial cGAS-STING signaling underlies glaucoma pathogenesis","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0251-z","article-title":"STING directly activates autophagy to tune the innate immune response","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.03.029","article-title":"The mechanism of STING autoinhibition and activation","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6593","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01948","article-title":"Novel CRBN-Recruiting Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras as Degraders of Stimulator of Interferon Genes with In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011132","article-title":"Innate sensing of picornavirus infection involves cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA release","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4027","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease","volume":"22","author":"Lood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20312","article-title":"Cellular Senescence Is Associated With Human Retinal Microaneurysm Formation During Aging","volume":"58","author":"Lopez-Luppo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The hallmarks of aging","volume":"153","author":"Lopez-Otin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04559-7","article-title":"Activation of STING by targeting a pocket in the transmembrane domain","volume":"604","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12618","article-title":"The AIM2 inflammasome: sensor of pathogens and cellular perturbations","volume":"281","author":"Lugrin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.107939","article-title":"Choriocapillaris dropout in early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"192","author":"Lutty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2002","article-title":"Effect of Anti-VEGF Therapy on the Disease Progression of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Model-Based Meta-Analysis","volume":"62","author":"Luu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402066","article-title":"Positive feedback regulation of type I IFN production by the IFN-inducible DNA sensor cGAS","volume":"194","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2208934119","article-title":"Modulation of cGAS-STING signaling by PPARalpha in a mouse model of ischemia-induced retinopathy","volume":"119","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23449","article-title":"cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity","volume":"548","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.03.031","article-title":"Durability of Voretigene Neparvovec for Biallelic RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease: Phase 3 results at 3 and 4 years","volume":"128","author":"Maguire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.06.017","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and durability of Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl in RPE65 mutation-associated inherited retinal dystrophy: results of Phase 1 and 3 trials","volume":"126","author":"Maguire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052591","article-title":"Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Retinal Disorders","volume":"23","author":"Mahaling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2008.00402.x","article-title":"Aging-related changes in astrocytes in the rat retina: imbalance between cell proliferation and cell death reduces astrocyte availability","volume":"7","author":"Mansour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2821.1","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and radioprotection in proton-irradiated rat retina","volume":"178","author":"Mao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.110228","article-title":"Oxidative stress mediates retinal damage after corneal alkali burn through the activation of the cGAS\/STING pathway","volume":"251","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.03.004","article-title":"Evolutionary origins of cGAS-STING signaling","volume":"38","author":"Margolis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.05.008","article-title":"The Emerging Roles of STING in Bacterial Infections","volume":"25","author":"Marinho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101553","article-title":"Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap components: emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for age-related eye diseases","volume":"74","author":"Martinez-Alberquilla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao6047","article-title":"BAK\/BAX macropores facilitate mitochondrial herniation and mtDNA efflux during apoptosis","volume":"359","author":"Mcarthur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2625-x","article-title":"C9orf72 in myeloid cells suppresses STING-induced inflammation","volume":"585","author":"Mccauley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.763092","article-title":"Pyroptosis in the retinal neurovascular unit: new insights into diabetic retinopathy","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101169","article-title":"Activation of retinal glial cells contributes to the degeneration of ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma","volume":"93","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31550-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"392","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.003","article-title":"Types of Ubiquitin Ligases","volume":"165","author":"Morreale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0151-1","article-title":"DNA sensing by the cGAS-STING pathway in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Motwani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01040-0","article-title":"Five-year incidence of open-angle glaucoma: the visual impairment project","volume":"109","author":"Mukesh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00624-8","article-title":"Crosstalk between cGAS-STING signaling and cell death","volume":"27","author":"Murthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0885-0","article-title":"Autophagic cell death restricts chromosomal instability during replicative crisis","volume":"565","author":"Nassour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aah7119","article-title":"Ubiquitination of STING at lysine 224 controls IRF3 activation","volume":"2","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01728-20","article-title":"PPP6C negatively regulates STING-dependent innate immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03155-y","article-title":"Therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammation for neovascular ocular diseases through targeting the cGAS-STING-necroptosis pathway","volume":"21","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.02.013","article-title":"Apoptotic Caspases suppress Type I interferon production via the cleavage of cGAS, MAVS, and IRF3","volume":"74","author":"Ning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67829-2","article-title":"Normal aging changes in the choroidal angioarchitecture of the macula","volume":"10","author":"Nivison-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6264","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1719601115","article-title":"Microglia inhibit photoreceptor cell death and regulate immune cell infiltration in response to retinal detachment","volume":"115","author":"Okunuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib200","first-page":"585","article-title":"Comparison of different agents and doses of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (aflibercept, bevacizumab, conbercept, ranibizumab) versus laser for retinopathy of prematurity: a network meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Ortiz-Seller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.02.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of retinal damage after ocular alkali burns","volume":"187","author":"Paschalis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040528","article-title":"Differential requirement for TANK-binding kinase-1 in type I interferon responses to toll-like receptor activation and viral infection","volume":"199","author":"Perry","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2914","article-title":"Progression of photoreceptor degeneration in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"138","author":"Pfau","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib204","first-page":"37","article-title":"Attenuation of c GAS- STING signaling is mediated by a p62\/ SQSTM 1-dependent autophagy pathway activated by TBK1","author":"Prabakaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103314","article-title":"A STING antagonist modulating the interaction with STIM1 blocks ER-to-Golgi trafficking and inhibits lupus pathology","volume":"66","author":"Prabakaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14380","article-title":"Retinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury is mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes","volume":"55","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.108970","article-title":"The STING pathway: an uncharacterized angle beneath the gut-retina axis","volume":"217","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90488-1","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell atrophy correlated with automated perimetry in human eyes with glaucoma","volume":"107","author":"Quigley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201899238","article-title":"Mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation enables mtDNA release during apoptosis","volume":"37","author":"Riley","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111677","article-title":"The role of diet, micronutrients and the gut microbiota in age-related macular degeneration: new perspectives from the Gut(-)Retina axis","volume":"10","author":"Rinninella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-040320-101629","article-title":"Biochemistry, cell biology, and pathophysiology of the innate immune cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway","volume":"91","author":"Ritchie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13089","article-title":"Early removal of senescent cells protects retinal ganglion cells loss in experimental ocular hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Rocha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1909","article-title":"Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated inflammatory cytokine secretion","volume":"11","author":"Rodier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.071340","article-title":"DNA-SCARS: distinct nuclear structures that sustain damage-induced senescence growth arrest and inflammatory cytokine secretion","volume":"124","author":"Rodier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.04.002","article-title":"Recognition of endogenous nucleic acids by the innate immune system","volume":"44","author":"Roers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib216","first-page":"221","article-title":"STING controls energy stress-induced autophagy and energy metabolism via STX17","author":"Rong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib217","first-page":"452","article-title":"Gut microbiota modify risk for dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Rowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31868-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of voretigene neparvovec (AAV2-hRPE65v2) in patients with RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystrophy: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"390","author":"Russell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.05.012","article-title":"From DNA damage to functional changes of the trabecular meshwork in aging and glaucoma","volume":"29","author":"Sacca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-1788","article-title":"Serine depletion promotes antitumor immunity by activating mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS-STING signaling","volume":"84","author":"Saha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911267106","article-title":"Atg9a controls dsDNA-driven dynamic translocation of STING and the innate immune response","volume":"106","author":"Saitoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.04.027","article-title":"Bromodomain protein BRD4 is a transcriptional repressor of autophagy and lysosomal function","volume":"66","author":"Sakamaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16033","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3580-11.2011","article-title":"Age-related alterations in neurons of the mouse retina","volume":"31","author":"Samuel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.05.076","article-title":"PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activation following brain ischemia is independent of unfolded nascent proteins","volume":"169","author":"Sanderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.01.006","article-title":"Biological role of lutein in the light-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Sasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12535-9","article-title":"Probiotic reduces bacterial translocation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled study","volume":"7","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356369","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1356369","article-title":"The interplay between autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling and its implications for cancer","volume":"15","author":"Schmid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09907","article-title":"A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response","volume":"472","author":"Schoggins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9975628","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9975628","article-title":"Mechanism of nucleic acid sensing in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE): RIG-I mediates Type I Interferon response in human RPE","volume":"2021","author":"Schustak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02936-3","article-title":"TRIM56-mediated monoubiquitination of cGAS for cytosolic DNA sensing","volume":"9","author":"Seo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248845","article-title":"Risk factors for symptomatic Avascular Necrosis (AVN) in a multi-ethnic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) cohort","volume":"16","author":"Shaharir","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0998-5","article-title":"Cryo-EM structures of STING reveal its mechanism of activation by cyclic GMP-AMP","volume":"567","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib233","first-page":"392","article-title":"C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified nanoparticles treat retinal neovascularization by promoting M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"39","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15989","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002144117","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase promotes the inflammatory and autophagy responses in Huntington disease","volume":"117","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297922010060","article-title":"Lability of the Nrf2\/Keap\/ARE cell defense system in different models of cell aging and age-related pathologies","volume":"87","author":"Shilovsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"issue":"1137-1153","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib236","article-title":"Dysbiosis exacerbates colitis by promoting ubiquitination and accumulation of the innate immune adaptor STING in myeloid cells","volume":"54","author":"Shmuel-Galia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041215","article-title":"Mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial cell senescence: role of Arginase 1","volume":"19","author":"Shosha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.8b00466","article-title":"Discovery of a Novel cGAMP competitive ligand of the inactive form of STING","volume":"10","author":"Siu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0448-9","article-title":"Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation","volume":"561","author":"Sliter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.037","article-title":"Selective transcription in response to an inflammatory stimulus","volume":"140","author":"Smale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA120.001981","article-title":"The DNA sensor cGAS is decorated by acetylation and phosphorylation modifications in the context of immune signaling","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02145","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02145-15","article-title":"Two modes of the Axonal Interferon response limit alphaherpesvirus neuroinvasion","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922330117","article-title":"KAT5 acetylates cGAS to promote innate immune response to DNA virus","volume":"117","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib244","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and burden of diabetic retinopathy in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31344-3","article-title":"Ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW): an open-label randomised controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Stahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747338","article-title":"Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides containing TTAGGG motifs inhibit cGAS activation in human monocytes","volume":"48","author":"Steinhagen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100983","article-title":"The herpesviral antagonist m152 reveals differential activation of STING-dependent IRF and NF-kappaB signaling and STING's dual role during MCMV infection","volume":"38","author":"Stempel","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.032","article-title":"Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity","volume":"134","author":"Stetson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.12.003","article-title":"Recognition of cytosolic DNA activates an IRF3-dependent innate immune response","volume":"24","author":"Stetson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.08.001","article-title":"The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"51","author":"Stitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150944","article-title":"De Novo occurrence of a variant in ARL3 and apparent autosomal dominant transmission of Retinitis Pigmentosa","volume":"11","author":"Strom","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.177","article-title":"Non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03932-1","article-title":"Dengue virus activates cGAS through the release of mitochondrial DNA","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway","volume":"339","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.39","article-title":"Ubiquitin modifications","volume":"26","author":"Swatek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7667","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c00398","article-title":"Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of tetrahydro-gamma-carboline derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents targeting cyclic GMP-AMP synthase","volume":"64","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra20","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2002521","article-title":"STING specifies IRF3 phosphorylation by TBK1 in the cytosolic DNA signaling pathway","volume":"5","author":"Tanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01041-9","article-title":"UFL1 promotes antiviral immune response by maintaining STING stability independent of UFMylation","volume":"30","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0217","article-title":"BRD4 connects enhancer remodeling to senescence immune surveillance","volume":"6","author":"Tasdemir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41533","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41533","article-title":"Contributions of age-related alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium and of glia to the AMD-like pathology in OXYS rats","volume":"7","author":"Telegina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112189","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in aging retina and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Terao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114791","article-title":"Medicinal chemistry perspective on cGAS-STING signaling pathway with small molecule inhibitors","volume":"244","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100919","article-title":"Photoreceptor cells and RPE contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"83","author":"Tonade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13193","article-title":"The role of senescent cells in ageing","volume":"509","author":"Van Deursen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.03.005","article-title":"Non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"66","author":"Verbakel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00833-9","article-title":"Small molecule inhibition of cGAS reduces interferon expression in primary macrophages from autoimmune mice","volume":"8","author":"Vincent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.001","article-title":"An activity-guided map of electrophile-cysteine interactions in primary human T cells","volume":"182","author":"Vinogradova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0139-9","article-title":"Immune phenotypes of microglia in human neurodegenerative disease: challenges to detecting microglial polarization in human brains","volume":"7","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.06.093","article-title":"Metabolic deregulation of the blood-outer retinal barrier in Retinitis Pigmentosa","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.11.011","article-title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase AMFR and INSIG1 bridge the activation of TBK1 kinase by modifying the adaptor STING","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib272","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiology and treatments","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib273","article-title":"The novel visual cycle inhibitor (+\/-)-RPE65-61 protects retinal photoreceptors from light-induced degeneration","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2017-0322","article-title":"Suramin potently inhibits cGAMP synthase, cGAS, in THP1 cells to modulate IFN-beta levels","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017020222","article-title":"FXR\/TGR5 dual agonist prevents progression of nephropathy in diabetes and obesity","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019104106","article-title":"EGFR-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of STING determines its trafficking route and cellular innate immunity functions","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.028","article-title":"Driving axon regeneration by orchestrating neuronal and non-neuronal innate immune responses via the IFNgamma-cGAS-STING axis","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17421","article-title":"FXR suppress Muller cell activation by regulating cGAS\/STING pathway in diabetic retinopathy","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03856-y","article-title":"ATAC-Seq analysis reveals a widespread decrease of chromatin accessibility in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14156","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response","volume":"520","author":"West","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2975","article-title":"Mitochondria in innate immune responses","volume":"11","author":"West","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109977","article-title":"TNF leads to mtDNA release and cGAS\/STING-dependent interferon responses that support inflammatory arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Willemsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.12.1640","article-title":"Genetic risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. Population-based familial aggregation study","volume":"116","author":"Wolfs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.017","article-title":"STING-dependent cytosolic DNA sensing mediates innate immune recognition of immunogenic tumors","volume":"41","author":"Woo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.06.009","article-title":"Interferon-independent activities of Mammalian STING mediate antiviral response and tumor immune evasion","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06140-0","article-title":"Inhibition of cGAS-STING pathway alleviates neuroinflammation-induced retinal ganglion cell death after ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20063","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906431116","article-title":"PTPN1\/2-mediated dephosphorylation of MITA\/STING promotes its 20S proteasomal degradation and attenuates innate antiviral response","volume":"116","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.06.007","article-title":"Oxidized DNA fragments exit mitochondria via mPTP- and VDAC-dependent channels to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and interferon signaling","volume":"55","author":"Xian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202350386","article-title":"cGAS-STING signaling in cell death: mechanisms of action and implications in pathologies","volume":"53","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02253-4","article-title":"Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib292","article-title":"Revamping anti-cGAS-STING therapy via an injectable thermo-responsive supramolecular hydrogel for pathological retinal angiogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib293","article-title":"Alleviation of photoreceptor degeneration based on Fullerenols in rd1 mice by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction via modulation of mitochondrial DNA transcription and leakage","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4612","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705499114","article-title":"cGAS is essential for cellular senescence","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.006","article-title":"Clinical evidence of sustained chronic inflammatory reaction in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"120","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.020","article-title":"TDP-43 triggers mitochondrial DNA release via mPTP to activate cGAS\/STING in ALS","volume":"183","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.598","article-title":"Current concepts in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"122","author":"Zarbin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.05.013","article-title":"Structures and mechanisms in the cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0630-1","article-title":"Aging, cellular senescence, and glaucoma","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-00894-z","article-title":"A non-canonical cGAS-STING-PERK pathway facilitates the translational program critical for senescence and organ fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1000-2","article-title":"Structural basis of STING binding with and phosphorylation by TBK1","volume":"567","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib302","article-title":"NF-kappaB activation enhances STING signaling by altering microtubule-mediated STING trafficking","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.01.003","article-title":"The cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS forms an oligomeric complex with DNA and undergoes switch-like conformational changes in the activation loop","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9813","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205900","article-title":"Targeting cGAS-STING signaling protects retinal ganglion cells from DNA damage-induced cell loss and promotes visual recovery in glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00751-y","article-title":"DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c00171","article-title":"In silico screening-based discovery of novel inhibitors of human cyclic GMP-AMP synthase: a cross-validation study of molecular docking and experimental testing","volume":"60","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201505298","article-title":"Microglial phagocytosis of living photoreceptors contributes to inherited retinal degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116698","article-title":"Relationship between the cGAS-STING and NF-kappaB pathways-role in neurotoxicity","volume":"175","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"767-781","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib309","article-title":"Transfer of cGAMP into Bystander cells via LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channels augments STING-mediated interferon responses and anti-viral immunity","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11976","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.50663","article-title":"Novel insights into ferroptosis: implications for age-related diseases","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.734546","article-title":"Aspirin alleviates particulate matter induced asymptomatic orchitis of mice via suppression of cGAS-STING signaling","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02804-y","article-title":"The BET PROTAC inhibitor dBET6 protects against retinal degeneration and inhibits the cGAS-STING in response to light damage","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.4.14","article-title":"Nicotinamide Riboside mitigates retinal degeneration by suppressing damaged DNA-stimulated microglial activation and STING-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"66","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.040","article-title":"Heterochromatin inhibits cGAS and STING during oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelium and retina degeneration","volume":"178","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983_bib315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00967-4","article-title":"Inhibition of cGAS-STING by JQ1 alleviates oxidative stress-induced retina inflammation and degeneration","volume":"29","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."}],"container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163725003290?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163725003290?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T22:01:08Z","timestamp":1773871268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568163725003290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":315,"alternative-id":["S1568163725003290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-1637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-1637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"cGAS-STING-driven inflammaging cascade in aging-related retinal diseases: From pathological mechanism to therapeutic potentials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ageing Research Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102983","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102983"}}