{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:13:24Z","timestamp":1792754004816,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T23:50:46Z","timestamp":1767052246000},"page":"103007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of six traditional Chinese mind-body exercise therapies on vascular health and cardiac function in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients: A network meta-analysis of 48 randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Yanli","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2405-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7831-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020281","article-title":"Oxidative stress, antioxidants and hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Amponsah-Offeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxid."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0272-9","article-title":"Exercise modalities and endothelial function: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"45","author":"Ashor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","article-title":"A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Borenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00049-8","article-title":"The results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Bucher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024984013069","article-title":"Disruption of thiol homeostasis and nitrosative stress in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis: evidence for a protective role of acetylcarnitine","volume":"28","author":"Calabrese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-6874-8","article-title":"Protective effect of carnosine during nitrosative stress in astroglial cell cultures","volume":"30","author":"Calabrese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0307-z","article-title":"Cellular stress responses, mitostress and carnitine insufficiencies as critical determinants in aging and neurodegenerative disorders: role of hormesis and vitagenes","volume":"35","author":"Calabrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0307-z","article-title":"Cellular stress responses, mitostress and carnitine insufficiencies as critical determinants in aging and neurodegenerative disorders: role of hormesis and vitagenes","volume":"35","author":"Calabrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib9","first-page":"40","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of Baduanjin combined with health education intervention on middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iangxi Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.009","article-title":"Tai Chi exercise is more effective than brisk walking in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults with hypertension: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib11","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise (BDJE) on heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF): a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036481","article-title":"Effect of Liuzijue exercise in different periods on circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension: a randomized trial","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001884","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of qigong in the treatment of mild essential hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"issue":"10128","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Cipriani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.004473","article-title":"Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26583-3","article-title":"Strength training for arterial hypertension treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Correia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666160518122721","article-title":"Influence of Hypertension, Alone and in Combination with Other Vascular Risk Factors on Cognition","volume":"15","author":"Czuriga-Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14218","article-title":"Effect of health qigong mawangdui daoyinshu on blood pressure of individuals with essential hypertension","volume":"64","author":"D, C","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570472","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2570472","article-title":"Effects of three traditional chinese fitness exercises combined with antihypertensive drugs on patients with essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"2021","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement Altern. Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib20","first-page":"32","article-title":"The application of \"Hypertension Baduanjin\" in controlling blood pressure in middle-aged patients with stage 1 essential hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. PLA Nurs."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib21","first-page":"157","article-title":"The intervention effect of fitness Qigong Baduanjin on hypertension with phlegm-dampness type","volume":"36","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422229","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1422229","article-title":"How traditional Chinese exercise (Daoyin) can help COVID-19 patients relieve psychological symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2012.00703.x","article-title":"Elderly hypertensives: how are they different?","volume":"14","author":"Franklin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"A randomized parallel-controlled study on the intervention of traditional health-preserving exercise in elderly women with hypertension and blood lipids","volume":"28","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pract. Tradit. Chin. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2022.08.004","article-title":"Acute effects of high-intensity functional training with or without whole-body electromyostimulation on serum irisin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in overweight individuals","volume":"38","author":"Ghalamsiah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030030-00004","article-title":"The role of exercise training in the treatment of hypertension: an update","volume":"30","author":"Hagberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011928609508","article-title":"How far should we lower blood pressure in the elderly","volume":"15","author":"Hansson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib28","first-page":"252","article-title":"Rehabilitation efficacy of Baduanjin exercise in elderly patients with hypertension","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib29","author":"Higgins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Handb. Syst. Rev. Interv."},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026509","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1026509","article-title":"The effect of tai chi intervention on NLRP3 and its related antiviral inflammatory factors in the serum of patients with pre-diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.05.003","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib33","first-page":"34","article-title":"Observation on the application effect of Baduanjin in the health management of stage 1 hypertensive patients","volume":"51","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jiangxi Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01467-9","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"47","author":"Jabbarzadeh Ganjeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4172","article-title":"Multivariate meta-analysis: potential and promise","volume":"30","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-159","article-title":"Is network meta-analysis as valid as standard pairwise meta-analysis? It all depends on the distribution of effect modifiers","volume":"11","author":"Jansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2024.106867","article-title":"The effects of curcumin supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function: a meta-analysis of meta-analyses","volume":"174","author":"Kavyani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102918","article-title":"Pilot study of Qigong\/Tai Chi Easy acute effects of meditative movement, breath focus and \"flow\" on blood pressure, mood and oxytocin in older adults","volume":"72","author":"Larkey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complement Ther. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00684.2023","article-title":"Effect of exercise modalities on postexercise hypotension in pre- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Le Bourvellec","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X03001120","article-title":"Effects of Qigong on blood pressure, blood pressure determinants and ventilatory function in middle-aged patients with essential hypertension","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450390245306","article-title":"Qigong reduced blood pressure and catecholamine levels of patients with essential hypertension","volume":"113","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2004.10.675","article-title":"Impact of qigong exercise on self-efficacy and other cognitive perceptual variables in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450490441028","article-title":"Effects of qigong on blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid levels in essential hypertension patients","volume":"114","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib45","first-page":"54","article-title":"Tai Chi in Chinese adults with metabolic syndrome: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Leung","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib46","article-title":"Effect of weight-bearing Liuzijue Qigong on cardiopulmonary function","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib47","first-page":"1293","article-title":"The effects of Chen-style Tai Chi exercise on blood biochemical indices and cardiopulmonary function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib48","first-page":"291","article-title":"Effects of Baduanjin on blood sugar and blood pressure in prediabetic patients with mild hypertension","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2022.06.015","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions for older patients with hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib50","first-page":"1645","article-title":"The promoting effect of Health Qigong Wuqinxi on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib51","first-page":"3024","article-title":"The promotion effect of fitness Baduanjin on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib52","first-page":"1396","article-title":"The effect of Tai Chi exercise on blood pressure, blood rheology, and long-term quality of life in elderly patients with hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299495","article-title":"Twenty-Four week Taichi training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12006","article-title":"A Tai Chi exercise programme improved exercise behaviour and reduced blood pressure in outpatients with hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Lo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Pract."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02064.x","article-title":"Lack of effect of Tai Chi Chuan in preventing falls in elderly people living at home: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"57","author":"Logghe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2018.04.007","article-title":"The impact of group-based Tai chi on health-status outcomes among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart lung J. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib57","first-page":"65","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi exercise on blood pressure, nitric oxide, and endothelin levels in patients with hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Mao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Rehabil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002962","article-title":"Exercise blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies","volume":"39","author":"Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.11.1177","article-title":"Tai Chi Chih acutely decreases sympathetic nervous system activity in older adults","volume":"61","author":"Motivala","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520240060042","article-title":"Hypertension in the elderly. Implications and generalizability of randomized trials","volume":"272","author":"Mulrow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107398","article-title":"The effect of synbiotics on liver enzymes, obesity indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"208","author":"Musazadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.10.017","article-title":"Should acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, Qi gong, relaxation therapy, device-guided breathing, yoga and tai chi be used to reduce blood pressure?: Recommendations based on high-quality systematic reviews","volume":"42","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement Ther. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.382","article-title":"Management plans for populations with normal-to-hypertensive blood pressures: risks and benefits of antihypertensive drug treatment in populations previously defined as having high-normal blood pressure","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.08.008","article-title":"Yoga, mindfulness-based stress reduction and stress-related physiological measures: a meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Pascoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib65","article-title":"Effect of yoga on oxidative stress in elderly with grade-I hypertension: a randomized controlled study","volume":"8","author":"Patil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120503","article-title":"Effects of exercise on the resting heart rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies","volume":"7","author":"Reimers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib67","first-page":"25","article-title":"The role of Tai Chi exercise in health preservation and wellness in the elderly","volume":"10","author":"Ren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Rehabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.21718","article-title":"20-HETE and hypertension","volume":"81","author":"Roman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105111","article-title":"The protective antioxidant activity of ginger extracts (Zingiber officinale) in acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies","volume":"94","author":"Rostamkhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.10.001","article-title":"Aging in blood vessels. Medicinal agents FOR systemic arterial hypertension in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Rubio-Ruiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8","article-title":"Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods","volume":"15","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Method."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.05.018","article-title":"The world health organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing","volume":"139","author":"Rudnicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.3.782","article-title":"Stiffness of carotid artery wall material and blood pressure in humans: application to antihypertensive therapy and stroke prevention","volume":"31","author":"Safar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1037","article-title":"Indirect and mixed-treatment comparison, network, or multiple-treatments meta-analysis: many names, many benefits, many concerns for the next generation evidence synthesis tool","volume":"3","author":"Salanti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","article-title":"Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial","volume":"64","author":"Salanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099682","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Salanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib77","first-page":"467","article-title":"The effect of Tai Chi exercise on the treatment of patients with chronic nephritis","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib78","first-page":"51","article-title":"Research on the treatment of stage 1 hypertension using traditional Chinese sports therapy","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Massage Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2017047","article-title":"Network meta-analysis: application and practice using Stata","volume":"39","author":"Shim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2018.0011","article-title":"Effect of T\u2032ai Chi exercise on hypertension in young and middle-aged in-service staff","volume":"25","author":"Shou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib81","first-page":"6862","article-title":"The intervention effect of Tai Chi exercise on elderly patients with hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02398.x","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi and resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in elderly Chinese subjects: a 12-month longitudinal, randomized, controlled intervention study","volume":"63","author":"Thomas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-016-0078-8","article-title":"Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Hericium Erinaceus in rat brain: relevance to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Trovato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1089\/107555303322524599","article-title":"The beneficial effects of Tai Chi Chuan on blood pressure and lipid profile and anxiety status in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Tsai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14610","article-title":"The Western and Chinese exercise training for blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients: An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"26","author":"Tsoi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib86","first-page":"29","article-title":"Evaluation of the clinical management effect of chronic disease management combining Chinese and Western medicine on elderly patients with hypertension of Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity type","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Shanghai Med."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib87","first-page":"83","article-title":"The effects of Tai Chi Rouliqiu dance and apparatus exercise on blood lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in obese middle-aged and elderly women with hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105480","article-title":"A randomized trial of tai chi on preventing hypertension and hyperlipidemia in middle-aged and elderly patients","volume":"18","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib89","first-page":"68","volume":"7","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2017. Nov. 13. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.2.184","article-title":"The influence of intense Tai Chi training on physical performance and hemodynamic outcomes in transitionally frail, older adults","volume":"61","author":"Wolf","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-007-9060-z","article-title":"Pathways involved in the transition from hypertension to hypertrophy to heart failure. Treatment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075084","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1075084","article-title":"Liuzijue training improves hypertension and modulates gut microbiota profile","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13913","article-title":"Effect of health qigong ba duan jin on blood pressure of individuals with essential hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib94","first-page":"2403","article-title":"The effect of eight-form Tai Chi exercise on blood pressure, vascular endothelial function, and quality of life in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib95","first-page":"51","article-title":"The molecular mechanism of gas signaling molecules in Tai Chi intervention on elderly patients with essential hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Wuhan. Inst. Phys. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155889","article-title":"Anthocyanins as natural bioactives with anti-hypertensive and atherosclerotic potential: Health benefits and recent advances","volume":"132","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib97","article-title":"Master's thesis), Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Obs. Effic. Tradit. Chin. Exerc. Comb. Medicat. Treat. Essent. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib98","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"A comparative study intervention effects 24form Tai Chi Health Qigong Mawangdui Daoyinshu patients type 2 diabetes. (Master's thesis) Liaoning Normal University."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2022.09.005","article-title":"Effects of probiotics supplementation on blood pressure: an umbrella meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Zarezadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1265040","article-title":"Traditional Chinese exercises on pain and disability in middle-aged and elderly patients with lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib101","first-page":"541","article-title":"Evidence-based research on traditional Chinese medicine exercise regimen in elderly patients with hypertension based on the Internet of Things","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chengdu Med. Coll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib102","unstructured":"Zhang, X.Y., & Zhao, H.B. nd (The application of Baduanjin combined with a virtual rehabilitation training system in exercise rehabilitation for elderly patients with stable angina). Global Traditional Chinese Medicine. Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, 11(08), 1233-1237."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2013.741030","article-title":"Effects of combined traditional Chinese exercises on blood pressure and arterial function of adult female hypertensive patients","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib104","first-page":"223","article-title":"The effect of Baduanjin exercise on vascular endothelial function in elderly patients with stage 1 hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib105","first-page":"143","article-title":"A systematic review of the effects of Tai Chi on blood pressure and quality of life in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Liaoning Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib106","first-page":"4314","article-title":"The impact of Qigong He Zi Jue on left heart function and quality of life in ischemic stroke patients","volume":"37","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib107","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"A Study Interv. Eff. Yang Chen styles Tai Chi Middleaged Elder. Patients T2DM. (Master's. Thesis) Liaoning Norm. Univ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7110404","article-title":"Effects of mind-body exercises (Tai Chi\/Yoga) on heart rate variability parameters and perceived stress: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"}],"container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163725003538?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163725003538?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T04:23:46Z","timestamp":1770265426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568163725003538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["S1568163725003538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-1637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-1637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of six traditional Chinese mind-body exercise therapies on vascular health and cardiac function in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients: A network meta-analysis of 48 randomized controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ageing Research Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2025.103007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103007"}}