{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:49:50Z","timestamp":1791650990295,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:48:50Z","timestamp":1788850130000},"page":"103354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["From self-quantification to predictive ageing: Digital twins as a framework for healthy ageing and longevity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9646-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruqaiyyah","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7667-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1080\/17501911.2025.2603880","article-title":"From population science to the clinic? Limits of epigenetic clocks as personal biomarkers","volume":"17","author":"Apsley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2026.104631","article-title":"The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","author":"Bell","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00031","article-title":"Digital twins in health care: ethical implications of an emerging engineering paradigm","volume":"9","author":"Bruynseels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00640-7","article-title":"The health digital twin to tackle cardiovascular disease\u2014a review of an emerging interdisciplinary field\u2019","volume":"5","author":"Coorey","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01402-3","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for digital twins in precision medicine from a complex systems perspective\u2019","volume":"8","author":"De Domenico","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: a new immune\u2013metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70360","article-title":"Astronauts as a human aging model: epigenetic age responses to space exposure","volume":"25","author":"Fuentealba","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib9","series-title":"in: Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems: New Findings and Approaches","first-page":"85","article-title":"Digital twin: Mitigating unpredictable, undesirable emergent behavior in complex systems\u2019","author":"Grieves","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103054","article-title":"The ethics case for longevity science","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib11","series-title":"Blueprint: a personal longevity and self-quantification project","author":"Johnson","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2012.1324","article-title":"The role of DNA methylation in aging, rejuvenation, and age-related disease","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01073-0","article-title":"Digital twins for health: a scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Katsoulakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101537","article-title":"A gerophysiology perspective on healthy ageing","volume":"73","author":"Kemoun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00243-7","article-title":"Longitudinal phenotypic aging metrics in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"2","author":"Kuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-025-01435-7","article-title":"Digital twins as global learning health and disease models for preventive and personalised medicine","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz961","article-title":"Inflamm-ageing: the role of inflammation in age-dependent cardiovascular disease","volume":"41","author":"Liberale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15948-9","article-title":"The UK Biobank imaging enhancement of 100,000 participants:\u2009rationale, data collection, management and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Littlejohns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe","volume":"186","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030020-00002","article-title":"Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I: short term insufficient training stimulus","volume":"30","author":"Mujika","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib21","article-title":"A comprehensive review of digital twin in healthcare in the scope of simulative health-monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Nadeem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41540-024-00450-5","article-title":"\u2018Immune digital twins for complex human pathologies: applications, limitations, and challenges\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Niarakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Syst. Biol. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01911-9","article-title":"From ageing clocks to human digital twins in personalising healthcare through biological age analysis","volume":"8","author":"Pusparum","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib24","article-title":"Decide-twin: a framework for AI-enabled digital twins in clinical decision-making","author":"Rahimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landig.2025.02.004","article-title":"Medical digital twins: enabling precision medicine and medical artificial intelligence","author":"Sad\u00e9e","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08594","article-title":"Longevity, cellular senescence and the gut microbiome: Lessons to be learned from crocodiles","volume":"7","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091869","article-title":"The use of gut microbial modulation strategies as interventional strategies for ageing","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib28","article-title":"Digital twin modelling in microgravity: a framework for predictive and personalised space medicine","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci. Space Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Open problems in ageing science: a roadmap for biogerontology","author":"Talay","year":"2025","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-024-00807-w","article-title":"Epigenetic ageing clocks: statistical methods and emerging computational challenges","volume":"26","author":"Teschendorff","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."}],"container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163726003466?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163726003466?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:58:38Z","timestamp":1791647918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568163726003466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1568163726003466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-1637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-1637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From self-quantification to predictive ageing: Digital twins as a framework for healthy ageing and longevity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ageing Research Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103354","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103354"}}