{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:50:31Z","timestamp":1791651031024,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T22:44:10Z","timestamp":1789944250000},"page":"103379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Unlocking the blood\u2013brain barrier: Can low-intensity focused ultrasound enable effective delivery of anti-amyloid and anti-tau antibodies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Sakshee Hemant","family":"Desale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratik Prashant","family":"Doshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti Ashok","family":"Khutale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swathi","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12426-9","article-title":"First-in-human trial of blood\u2013brain barrier opening in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using MR-guided focused ultrasound","author":"Abrahao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b03517","article-title":"Noninvasive targeted transcranial neuromodulation via focused ultrasound gated drug release from nanoemulsions","volume":"17","author":"Airan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-025-03325-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low- and high-intensity focused ultrasound in glioblastoma: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"134","author":"Alrashidi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.825802","article-title":"Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Non-invasive and Reversible Deep Brain Neuromodulation\u2014A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research","volume":"13","author":"Arulpragasam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P13","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-5736-3-S1-P13","article-title":"Acoustic characterization of low intensity focused ultrasound system through skull","author":"Babakhanian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ther. Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.07.026","article-title":"Ultrasound-mediated delivery of novel tau-specific monoclonal antibody enhances brain uptake but not therapeutic efficacy","volume":"349","author":"Bajracharya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib7","article-title":"The penetration of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier: Classic case studies and clinical implications","volume":"5","author":"Banks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib8","first-page":"12","article-title":"Acute Effects of Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening on Anti-Pyroglu3 Abeta Antibody Delivery and Immune Responses","author":"Bathini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib9","first-page":"693","article-title":"Positron emission tomography: its 65 years and beyond","volume":"11","author":"Belcari","year":"2024","journal-title":"La Riv. Del. Nuovo Cim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00535","article-title":"Perivascular brain clearance as a therapeutic target in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Bonnar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib11","first-page":"vdaa030","article-title":"MR-guided focused ultrasound increases antibody delivery to nonenhancing high-grade glioma","volume":"2","author":"Brighi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess, A., Dubey, S., Yeung, S., Hough, O., Eterman, N., Aubert, I., Hynynen, K., 2014. Alzheimer Disease in a Mouse Model: MR Imaging\u2013guided Focused Ultrasound Targeted to the Hippocampus Opens the Blood-Brain Barrier and Improves Pathologic Abnormalities and Behavior. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.14140245 273, 736\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/RADIOL.14140245.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140245"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.897693","article-title":"Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound","volume":"11","author":"Burgess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug. Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211046129","article-title":"A review of bioeffects induced by focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the neurovascular unit","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16539","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105116108","article-title":"Noninvasive and localized neuronal delivery using short ultrasonic pulses and microbubbles","volume":"108","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-025-01220-1","article-title":"Generalizability of trial criteria on amyloid-lowering therapy against Alzheimer\u2019s disease to individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the general population","volume":"40","author":"Claus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.07.008","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Parameters and Applications in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"28","author":"Cox","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuromodulation Technol. Neural Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05542-4_2","article-title":"The Role of Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Drug Development","volume":"1118","author":"Cummings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib19","first-page":"5","article-title":"Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"38","author":"Cummings","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioDrugs 2023 381"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00265","article-title":"Mechanisms of Pathogenic Tau and A\u03b2 Protein Spreading in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"d\u2018Errico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111125","article-title":"Recent Advances on Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening with Focused Ultrasound","volume":"12","author":"Dauba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113631","article-title":"Evaluation of focused ultrasound modulation of the blood-brain barrier in gray and white matter","volume":"381","author":"De Maio","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00352","article-title":"Current clinical investigations of focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption: A review","volume":"21","author":"Durham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00981-1","article-title":"Pilot study of repeated blood-brain barrier disruption in patients with mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease with an implantable ultrasound device","volume":"14","author":"Epelbaum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.046679","article-title":"Progress in Noninvasive Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation","volume":"55","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad024","article-title":"Tilavonemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease: results from a phase 2, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"146","author":"Florian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-022-01235-1","article-title":"Vascular Considerations for Amyloid Immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Foley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1412006","article-title":"Three major effects of APOE\u03b54 on A\u03b2 immunotherapy induced ARIA","volume":"16","author":"Foley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.03.014","article-title":"Antibody therapies in CNS diseases","volume":"120","author":"Freskg\u00e5rd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib30","first-page":"2489","article-title":"The blood\u2013brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Galea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021 1811"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-89525-8_1","article-title":"Understanding the Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Pathology","volume":"1477","author":"Garcia-Gallardo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib32","first-page":"14342","article-title":"Analysis of clinical failure of anti-tau and anti-synuclein antibodies in neurodegeneration using a quantitative systems pharmacology model","volume":"1","author":"Geerts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. 2023 13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.056","article-title":"Effects of blood-brain barrier opening using ultrasound on tauopathies: A systematic review","volume":"379","author":"G\u00e9raudie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib34","first-page":"8","article-title":"Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Prelude to the Pathological Process or a Consequence of It?","author":"Govindpani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2026.04.007","article-title":"The mechanisms and strategies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease prevention: An update","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.07.001","article-title":"Tau as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"136","author":"Himmelstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-1793","article-title":"Low-intensity focused ultrasound with microbubbles enhances CD20 monoclonal antibody delivery across the blood-brain barrier in primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"146","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2202001804","article-title":"Noninvasive MR imaging-guided focal opening of the blood-brain barrier in rabbits","volume":"220","author":"Hynynen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-018-0391-0","article-title":"Ultrasound Cavitation\/Microbubble Detection and Medical Applications","volume":"39","author":"Izadifar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Biol. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib40","first-page":"9255","article-title":"Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening enhances delivery of therapeutically relevant formats of a tau-specific antibody","volume":"1","author":"Janowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. 2019 9"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib41","first-page":"17742","article-title":"Aducanumab delivery via focused ultrasound-induced transient blood\u2013brain barrier opening in vivo","volume":"1","author":"Jeong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. 2025 15"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3348\/jksr.2024.0140","article-title":"Anti-Amyloid Imaging Abnormality in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Beta Monoclonal Antibodies: Recent Updates for the Radiologist","volume":"86","author":"Jeong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010549","article-title":"Antibodies Targeted to the Brain with Image-Guided Focused Ultrasound Reduces Amyloid-\u03b2 Plaque Load in the TgCRND8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"5","author":"Jord\u00e3o","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00398-w","article-title":"Brain pharmacokinetics of mono- and bispecific amyloid-\u03b2 antibodies in wild-type and Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice measured by high cut-off microdialysis","volume":"1","author":"Julku","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS 2022 19"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5396","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.28717","article-title":"Unilateral focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening reduces phosphorylated Tau from the rTg4510 mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Karakatsani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215699","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Key Insights from Two Decades of Clinical Trial Failures","volume":"87","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6442","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126442","article-title":"Brain Disposition of Antibody-Based Therapeutics: Dogma, Approaches and Perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Kouhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib48","first-page":"16144","article-title":"Improvement of glymphatic\u2013lymphatic drainage of beta-amyloid by focused ultrasound in Alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. 2020 10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib49","article-title":"A retrospective qualitative report of symptoms and safety from transcranial focused ultrasound for neuromodulation in humans","author":"Legon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. 2020 101 10 5573-"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00809-4","article-title":"A comparative study of the effects of Aducanumab and scanning ultrasound on amyloid plaques and behavior in the APP23 mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"1","author":"Leinenga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib51","article-title":"Focused ultrasound in modern medicine: bioengineering interfaces, molecular effects, and clinical breakthroughs","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2024.107181","article-title":"Reversible Ca2+ signaling and enhanced paracellular transport in endothelial monolayer induced by acoustic bubbles and targeted microbeads","volume":"112","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib53","first-page":"2336","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier opening in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using MR-guided focused ultrasound","volume":"9","author":"Lipsman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun. 2018 91"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.07.006","article-title":"The road ahead to successful BBB opening and drug-delivery with focused ultrasound","volume":"372","author":"L\u00f3pez-Aguirre","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib55","first-page":"14","article-title":"Low-intensity focused ultrasound targeting the nucleus accumbens as a potential treatment for substance use disorder: safety and feasibility clinical trial","author":"Mahoney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib56","first-page":"vdad111","article-title":"MRI-guided focused ultrasound blood\u2013brain barrier opening increases drug delivery and efficacy in a diffuse midline glioma mouse model","volume":"5","author":"Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2247-3","article-title":"APOE4 leads to blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline","volume":"581","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100477","article-title":"A regional framework for the detection and management of ARIA with anti-amyloid therapies in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Asia","volume":"13","author":"Moon","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31825018f7","article-title":"Correlation of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes with cognitive status: a review of the literature","volume":"71","author":"Nelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib60","first-page":"161","article-title":"Modeling stable cavitation of coated microbubbles: A framework integrating smoothed dissipative particle dynamics and the Rayleigh-Plesset equation","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx052","article-title":"Combined effects of scanning ultrasound and a tau-specific single chain antibody in a tau transgenic mouse model","volume":"140","author":"Nisbet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12567","article-title":"Tutorial on Monoclonal Antibody Pharmacokinetics and Its Considerations in Early Development","volume":"11","author":"Ovacik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50203-3","article-title":"A multicellular brain spheroid model for studying the mechanisms and bioeffects of ultrasound-enhanced drug penetration beyond the blood-brain barrier","volume":"14","author":"Paranjape","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.85","article-title":"Safety, Efficacy and Clinical Applications of Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood Brain Barrier Opening in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Patwardhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29134","article-title":"Striatal Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Dementia: A Pilot Exploratory Study","volume":"37","author":"Pineda-Pardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae087","article-title":"Consensus review on strategies to improve delivery across the blood-brain barrier including focused ultrasound","volume":"26","author":"Piper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-025-01123-5","article-title":"Amyloid-lowering immunotherapies for Alzheimer disease: current status and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Rafii","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519840909","article-title":"Synergistic role of susceptibility-weighted imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of acute arterial stroke","volume":"47","author":"Rai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2025.102750","article-title":"Understanding the complex interplay between tau, amyloid and the network in the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"249","author":"Raj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.9.JNS221565","article-title":"Focused ultrasound\u2013mediated blood-brain barrier opening in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: long-term safety, imaging, and cognitive outcomes","volume":"139","author":"Rezai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23063","article-title":"A quantitative pressure and microbubble-size dependence study of focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening reversibility in vivo using MRI","volume":"67","author":"Samiotaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3390\/jnt4040020","article-title":"Enhancing Antibody Exposure in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms of Uptake, Clearance, and Strategies for Improved Brain Delivery","volume":"4","author":"Schwinghamer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. nanotheranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1393594","article-title":"\u201cTau immunotherapy: Hopes and hindrances.\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Shahpasand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1660323","article-title":"Are plasma drug concentrations still necessary? Rethinking the pharmacokinetic link in dose\u2013response relationships","volume":"16","author":"Simon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2020.106167","article-title":"Therapeutic ultrasound experiments in vitro: Review of factors influencing outcomes and reproducibility","volume":"107","author":"Snehota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2025.2469236","article-title":"Neuropsychology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From preclinical phase to dementia","author":"Soncu B\u00fcy\u00fcki\u015fcan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol. Adult."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib77","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT03119961 | Blood Brain Barrier Opening in Alzheimer\u2019 Disease | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03119961 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib78","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT03671889 | ExAblate Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption for the Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03671889 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib79","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT03739905 | ExAblate Blood-Brain Barrier Opening for Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03739905 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib80","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT04118764 | Non-invasive Blood-brain Barrier Opening in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients Using Focused Ultrasound | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04118764 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib81","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT05417555 | Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer\u2019s Disease | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05417555 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib82","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT05469009 | Safety and Feasibility of Exablate Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption for Mild Cognitive Impairment or Mild Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Undergoing Standard of Care Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) Therapy | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05469009 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib83","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT05997030 | Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU) Neuromodulation | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05997030 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib84","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT06600880 | Neuronavigation-guided FUS-induced BBB Opening in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients and Its Effects on Brain Amyloid and Tau | ClinicalTrials.gov [WWW Document], n.d. URL https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06600880 (accessed 8.24.26)."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29894-1","article-title":"The tight junction protein occludin modulates blood\u2013brain barrier integrity and neurological function after ischemic stroke in mice","volume":"1","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.1375","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Semorinemab in Individuals With Prodromal to Mild Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"79","author":"Teng","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.31765","article-title":"Low-intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of brain diseases: safety and feasibility","volume":"9","author":"Toccaceli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib88","first-page":"92","article-title":"Global Diseases Deserve Global Solutions: Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"17","author":"Twiss","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Int. 2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2024.114246","article-title":"Recent advances of ultrasound-responsive nanosystems in tumor immunotherapy","volume":"198","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01481-w","article-title":"The blood\u2013brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212933120","article-title":"Mechanically manipulating glymphatic transport by ultrasound combined with microbubbles","volume":"120","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.19422","article-title":"The Role of Nitric Oxide during Sonoreperfusion of Microvascular Obstruction","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.57078","article-title":"Interaction between A\u03b2 and Tau in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.09.017","article-title":"The barrier and interface mechanisms of the brain barrier, and brain drug delivery","volume":"190","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01484-7","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2-based therapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: challenges, successes and future","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib96","article-title":"Applications and challenges of biomarker-based predictive models in proactive health management","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2251145","article-title":"Low intensity focused ultrasound: a new prospect for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1274642","article-title":"Effects of low-intensity ultrasound opening the blood-brain barrier on Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014a mini review","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163726003715?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163726003715?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:11:10Z","timestamp":1791648670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568163726003715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["S1568163726003715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-1637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-1637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unlocking the blood\u2013brain barrier: Can low-intensity focused ultrasound enable effective delivery of anti-amyloid and anti-tau antibodies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ageing Research Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103379","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103379"}}