{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:50:54Z","timestamp":1791939054657,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022809","name":"First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:59:16Z","timestamp":1791269956000},"page":"103389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vascular aging\u2013driven tumor-like transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Guohua","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haomin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aolin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4073-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shichao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf544","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction as a feature of vascular aging","author":"Akhiyat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046672","article-title":"Stem cell pluripotency genes Klf4 and Oct4 regulate complex SMC phenotypic changes critical in late-stage atherosclerotic lesion pathogenesis","volume":"142","author":"Alencar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx1736","article-title":"Targeting modulated vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis via FAP-directed immunotherapy","author":"Amrute","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0021-0","article-title":"Atherosclerosis linked to faulty DNA repair in VSMCs","volume":"15","author":"Barranco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13071720","article-title":"Targeted and biomimetic nanoparticles for atherosclerosis therapy: a review of emerging strategies","volume":"13","author":"Bartusik-Aebisher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0227-9","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Basatemur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.6.1753","article-title":"Evidence for a monoclonal origin of human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"70","author":"Benditt","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202402977R","article-title":"Kindlin-2 deletion in mural cells leads to vascular instability","volume":"39","author":"Bialkowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00582-1","article-title":"Encompassing view of spatial and single-cell RNA sequencing renews the role of the microvasculature in human atherosclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Bleckwehl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9913","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205066","article-title":"Reduction of double-strand DNA break repair exacerbates vascular aging","volume":"15","author":"Bloom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbaf039","article-title":"IRF7 orchestrates maladaptive smooth muscle cell phenotype switching in atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Precis. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309799","article-title":"Extensive proliferation of a subset of differentiated, yet plastic, medial vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to neointimal formation in mouse injury and atherosclerosis models","volume":"119","author":"Chappell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069446","article-title":"A concept of \u201cathero-oncology\u201d: tumor-like smooth muscle cells drive atherosclerosis","volume":"149","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib14","article-title":"Angiogenesis within atherosclerotic plaques: mechanical regulation, molecular mechanism and clinical diagnosis","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mechanobiol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118275","article-title":"Cilostazol attenuates vascular inflammation via the regulation of TICAM1\/IRF3 signaling pathway","volume":"189","author":"Chiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55497-z","article-title":"Contributing factors to the oxidation-induced mutational landscape in human cells","volume":"15","author":"Cordero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvag069","article-title":"METTL14 inhibits atherogenesis by epigenetically activating PPAR-\u03b1\/\u03b3 transcription and fatty acid oxidation in VSMCs","volume":"122","author":"Cui","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.047","article-title":"Comprehensive human proteome profiles across a 50-year lifespan reveal aging trajectories and signatures","volume":"188","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2025.103904","article-title":"Modulation of OGG1 enzymatic activity by the cellular machinery - have all the boxes been ticked?","volume":"155","author":"Eddershaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"DNA Repair."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709118","article-title":"Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease","volume":"377","author":"Eikelboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-015-6571-z","article-title":"ATM protein kinase signaling, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Espach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf258","article-title":"ChemR23 prevents phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells into macrophage-like foam cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Evans","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13202","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: known and unknown","volume":"72","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae091","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage promotes vascular ageing associated with changes in extracellular matrix-regulating proteins","volume":"121","author":"Foote","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2025.107570","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation during atherosclerosis","volume":"162","author":"Frausto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.305896","article-title":"Senescent vascular smooth muscle cells drive inflammation through an interleukin-1\u03b1-dependent senescence-associated secretory phenotype","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"New insights into atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through the lens of metabolism: expanding our approach","volume":"10","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiol"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf1091","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics reveals a key role of fibroblast-like vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic cell crosstalk and stability","volume":"47","author":"Goncalves","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"6554","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc8479","article-title":"Counteracting age-related VEGF signaling insufficiency promotes healthy aging and extends life span","volume":"373","author":"Grunewald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: new dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030639","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived exosomal microRNAs regulate endothelial cell migration under PDGF stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Heo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib33","article-title":"Vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis: focus on angiogenesis-associated phenotypic crosstalk","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-026-04123-8","article-title":"Flexible ultrasound patch for noninvasive, targeted anti-angiogenic therapy of unstable carotid plaques","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18101503","article-title":"Intermedin inhibits DNA damage-promoted senescent phenotype transition of vascular smooth muscle cells in aorta by activating NAMPT\/PARP1 in mice","volume":"18","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf102","article-title":"Premature cell senescence promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and resistance to re-differentiation","volume":"121","author":"Kaistha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000394","article-title":"The walking dead: macrophage inflammation and death in atherosclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Kavurma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.319479","article-title":"Clonal proliferation within smooth muscle cells in unstable human atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"43","author":"Kawai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.045981","article-title":"Environment-sensing aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits the chondrogenic fate of modulated smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"142","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.06.026","article-title":"Cell-autonomous regulation of complement C3 by factor H limits macrophage efferocytosis and exacerbates atherosclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Kiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-026-02090-x","article-title":"Single-cell spatial transcriptomics reveals clonal smooth muscle cell heterogeneity and programs associated with atherosclerotic plaque calcification","volume":"26","author":"Kong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-70530-z","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cell state trajectories mediate molecular mechanisms of coronary disease risk","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112669","article-title":"Resveratrol suppresses GATA4\/Sortilin pathway to attenuate vascular smooth muscle cell senescence-associated secretory phenotype and vascular aging-related atherosclerosis","volume":"146","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2215-8","article-title":"Loss of PARP-1 attenuates diabetic arteriosclerotic calcification via Stat1\/Runx2 axis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20255833","article-title":"TSPAN4 controls vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and intimal hyperplasia by targeting TPM1-regulated cytoskeletal organization","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63876-3","article-title":"The inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD3 organizes the 3D chromatin architecture to maintain vascular smooth muscle cell identity","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib47","article-title":"Tumor-like characteristics of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.39553","article-title":"Therapeutic ultrasound combined with microbubbles improves atherosclerotic plaque stability by selectively destroying the intraplaque neovasculature","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62475-6","article-title":"Pericytes promote metastasis by regulating tumor local vascular tone and hemodynamics","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7855","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03392-8","article-title":"The changing landscape of atherosclerosis","volume":"592","author":"Libby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2201-8728","article-title":"Chloroquine alleviates atherosclerosis by modulating regulatory T cells through the ATM\/AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway in ApoE-\/- mice","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13092282","article-title":"Reimagining oncologic drugs in atherosclerosis: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.125.324115","article-title":"SAHH deficiency decreases stability of atherosclerotic plaque and induces VSMC phenotype switching via epigenetic upregulation of KLF4 and OCT4","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.230904","article-title":"Does oxidative DNA damage cause atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome?: new insights into which came first: the chicken or the egg","volume":"107","author":"Madamanchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00889-z","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics map senescent vascular cells in arterial remodeling during atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"5","author":"Mazan-Mamczarz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.018","article-title":"Clonal heterogeneity and tumor evolution: past, present, and the future","volume":"168","author":"McGranahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00713-2","article-title":"Progenitor exhausted PD-1+ T cells are cellular targets of immune checkpoint inhibition in atherosclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Mulholland","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673295675240826070754","article-title":"Intimal macrovascular pericytes: their role in vascular biology and atherogenesis","volume":"32","author":"Orekhov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067587","article-title":"Atherosclerosis is a smooth muscle cell-driven tumor-like disease","volume":"149","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0541-0","article-title":"A protective smooth muscle cell transition in atherosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf212","article-title":"Endothelial LRRC8A delays vascular ageing in natural and accelerated ageing mouse models","volume":"121","author":"Pang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67679-4","article-title":"Single cell spatial transcriptomics integration deciphers the morphological heterogeneity of atherosclerotic carotid arteries","volume":"16","author":"Pauli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2010.06.002","article-title":"iNOS induction and PARP-1 activation in human atherosclerotic lesions: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural approach","volume":"20","author":"Perrotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.12.015","article-title":"Adventitial drug delivery of dexamethasone to improve primary patency in the treatment of superficial femoral and popliteal artery disease: 12-month results from the DANCE clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Razavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"issue":"10384","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00215-5","article-title":"Inflammation and cholesterol as predictors of cardiovascular events among patients receiving statin therapy: a collaborative analysis of three randomised trials","volume":"401","author":"Ridker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10289","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00520-1","article-title":"IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high atherosclerotic risk (RESCUE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"397","author":"Ridker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.327060","article-title":"Vascular niches are the primary hotspots in cardiac aging","volume":"137","author":"Rodriguez Morales","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43848-7","article-title":"A possible role for proinflammatory activation via cGAS-STING pathway in atherosclerosis induced by accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks","volume":"13","author":"Sakai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-052824-084232","article-title":"Role of diverse smooth muscle cell phenotypic transitions in atherosclerosis development and late-stage pathogenesis","volume":"88","author":"Serbulea","year":"2026","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033249","article-title":"Defective base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"138","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.05.041","article-title":"Minocycline reduces plaque size in diet induced atherosclerosis via p27(Kip1)","volume":"219","author":"Shahzad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.188281","article-title":"Mutational landscape of atherosclerotic plaques reveals large clonal cell populations","volume":"10","author":"Steffensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45823-w","article-title":"Pro-ferroptotic signaling promotes arterial aging via vascular smooth muscle cell senescence","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.124.322158","article-title":"Roles of Brd4 in vascular smooth muscle cells: implications for aging and vascular dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000046174","article-title":"Intraplaque neovascularization and progression of atherosclerosis: a review of SMI technical assessment and berberine-statin regulatory mechanisms","volume":"104","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00737-8","article-title":"PRDM16 regulates smooth muscle cell identity and atherosclerotic plaque composition","volume":"4","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib77","article-title":"A pharmacovigilance study of thromboembolism events associated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors based on FAERS database","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.125.324012","article-title":"Single-cell multimodal profiling highlights persistent aortic smooth muscle cell changes in diabetic mice despite glycemic control","volume":"46","author":"Tanwar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae082","article-title":"Resection of DNA double-strand breaks activates Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1- and Rad9-Hus1-Rad1-dependent mechanisms that redundantly promote ATR checkpoint activation and end processing in Xenopus egg extracts","volume":"52","author":"Tatsukawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e565","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.319010","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase promotes calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of histone deacetylase 4 and 5","volume":"45","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102502","article-title":"Targeting senescent cells in atherosclerosis: pathways to novel therapies","volume":"101","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63202-x","article-title":"Integrated single-cell atlas of human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"16","author":"Traeuble","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.125.324299","article-title":"Impairment of macrophage functions by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells-brief report","volume":"46","author":"Tsitsipatis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105127","article-title":"DNA damage and repair in vascular disease","volume":"78","author":"Uryga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02123-z","article-title":"Telomere damage promotes vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and immune cell recruitment after vessel injury","volume":"4","author":"Uryga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1398","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00387.2025","article-title":"Vascular aging impairs active modulation of murine aortic stiffness by smooth muscle cells","volume":"329","author":"van der Laan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2022.10.009","article-title":"Deletion of SIRT6 in vascular smooth muscle cells facilitates vascular calcification via suppression of DNA damage repair","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-025-01177-z","article-title":"Impacts of aging and fluid shear stress on vascular endothelial metabolism and atherosclerosis development","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00365-5","article-title":"Sentrin-specific protease 3 (SENP3)-mediated Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) deSUMOylation regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in atherosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.124.321467","article-title":"ECM modifications driven by age and metabolic stress directly promote vascular smooth muscle cell osteogenic processes","volume":"45","author":"Whitehead","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0512-5","article-title":"Atheroprotective roles of smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and the TCF21 disease gene as revealed by single-cell analysis","volume":"25","author":"Wirka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac138","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of oligoclonal vascular smooth muscle cell expansion in cardiovascular disease","volume":"119","author":"Worssam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1566","article-title":"Potential role of ATM in hepatocyte endocytosis of ApoE-deficient, ApoB48-containing lipoprotein in ApoE-deficient mice","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-10095-1","article-title":"Integrative single-cell analysis reveals endothelial diversity in the vasa vasorum of human atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111014","article-title":"Peanut skin extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation reaction and gut microbiota in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"154","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-025-2948-y","article-title":"Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease attributed to lifestyle and metabolic risks","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01501-5","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 orchestrates vascular smooth muscle cell homeostasis in arterial disease","volume":"57","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.606989","article-title":"Cyclic stretch induces vascular smooth muscle cells to secrete connective tissue growth factor and promote endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and angiogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109161","article-title":"The effects of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) carrying IL-8 monoclonal antibody on the inflammatory responses and stability of atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib100","article-title":"Upregulation of IL-32\u03b3 in endothelial cells promotes macrophage recruitment and inflammatory progression in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202407408","article-title":"TEAD1-mediated trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells into fibroblast-like cells contributes to the stabilization and repair of disrupted atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"12","author":"Zhai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.55343","article-title":"Phenotypic switching of atherosclerotic smooth muscle cells is regulated by activated PARP1-dependent TET1 expression","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31083\/RCM36468","article-title":"Neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques: clinical implications, detection, and prevention strategies","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102137","article-title":"DNA damage response, a double-edged sword for vascular aging","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1463026","article-title":"Clinical risk factors of bevacizumab-related hypertension in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22068","article-title":"OGG1: an emerging multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative DNA damage","volume":"44","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0815","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell contractile polarization via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-promoted serum response factor phosphorylation","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2026.112083","article-title":"The novel piperlongumine-ligustrazine derivative PL-Lig-11 inhibits VSMC phenotypic switching and intimal hyperplasia via the PDGFR\u03b1\/\u03b2-RhoGDI3-NLRP3 inflammasome axis","volume":"433","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."}],"container-title":["Ageing Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163726003818?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568163726003818?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:27:08Z","timestamp":1791937628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568163726003818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["S1568163726003818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-1637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-1637","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vascular aging\u2013driven tumor-like transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ageing Research Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103389","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103389"}}