{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:35:59Z","timestamp":1788212159349,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["patient-research.elsevier.com","arthroplastyjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,16]],"date-time":"2013-12-16T23:03:52Z","timestamp":1387235032000},"page":"1128-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Pulse Lavage is Inadequate at Removal of Biofilm from the Surface of Total Knee Arthroplasty Materials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Urish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"DeMuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Charles M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0945-0","article-title":"The epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"468","author":"Bozic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1576","article-title":"Prevalence of knee and hip osteoarthritis and the appropriateness of joint replacement in an older population","volume":"168","author":"Quintana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200107000-00010","article-title":"Long-term followup of the Miller-Galante total knee replacement","volume":"388","author":"Berger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2002.32186","article-title":"The Insall-Burstein II prosthesis: a 5- to 9-year follow-up study in osteoarthritic knees","volume":"17","author":"Indelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200211000-00007","article-title":"Long-term followup of nonmodular total knee replacements","volume":"404","author":"Keating","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00222","article-title":"Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030","volume":"89","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200111000-00041","article-title":"Early failures in total knee arthroplasty","volume":"392","author":"Fehring","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000229356.81749.11","article-title":"The Chitranjan Ranawat Award: Long-term survivorship and failure modes of 1000 cemented condylar total knee arthroplasties","volume":"452","author":"Vessely","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072060-00013","article-title":"Infection as a complication of total knee-replacement arthroplasty. Risk factors and treatment in sixty-seven cases","volume":"72","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.5.914","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection treated with debridement and prosthesis retention","volume":"24","author":"Brandt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000092996.90435.35","article-title":"Open debridement of acute gram-positive infections after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"416","author":"Deirmengian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199112000-00016","article-title":"Periprosthetic knee sepsis. The role of irrigation and debridement","volume":"273","author":"Hartman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1086\/499234","article-title":"Outcome of prosthetic joint infections treated with debridement and retention of components","volume":"42","author":"Marculescu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(97)90199-6","article-title":"Multiple irrigation, debridement, and retention of components in infected total knee arthroplasty","volume":"12","author":"Mont","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199302000-00018","article-title":"Alternatives to reimplantation for salvage of the total knee arthroplasty complicated by infection","volume":"75","author":"Rand","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199112000-00014","article-title":"Effect of time of onset and depth of infection on the outcome of total knee arthroplasty infections","volume":"273","author":"Rasul","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072090-00018","article-title":"Treatment of infection after total knee arthroplasty by debridement with retention of the components","volume":"72","author":"Schoifet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.04.028","article-title":"The fate of acute methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus periprosthetic knee infections treated by open debridement and retention of components","volume":"24","author":"Bradbury","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365080-00008","article-title":"Two-stage reimplantation for the salvage of infected total knee arthroplasty","volume":"65","author":"Insall","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05541.x","article-title":"Prosthetic joint infection: challenges of diagnosis and treatment","volume":"81","author":"Peel","year":"2011","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710013843","article-title":"The role of small-colony variants in failure to diagnose and treat biofilm infections in orthopedics","volume":"78","author":"Neut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.10.023","article-title":"Biofilm removal by medical device cleaners: comparison of two bioreactor detection assays","volume":"74","author":"Hadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2002.21303.x","article-title":"Effects of various antiplaque agents on fructosyltransferase activity in solution and immobilized onto hydroxyapatite","volume":"110","author":"Steinberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0120","unstructured":"Brindle ER, Miller DA, Stewart PS. Hydrodynamic deformation and removal of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms treated with urea, chlorhexidine, iron chloride, or DispersinB. Biotechnol Bioeng."},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.03.042","article-title":"Optimal irrigation and debridement of infected joint implants: an in vitro methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm model","volume":"26","author":"Schwechter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0130","unstructured":"ASTM, 12 Standard Specification for Knee Replacement Prosthesis, in Standard F2083. 2013, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061588","article-title":"Sonication of removed hip and knee prostheses for diagnosis of infection","volume":"357","author":"Trampuz","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200210000-00006","article-title":"Detecting bacterial colonization of implanted orthopaedic devices by ultrasonication","volume":"403","author":"Nguyen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00793.x","article-title":"Characterization of a mixed MRSA\/MRSE biofilm in an explanted total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"62","author":"Stoodley","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00838","article-title":"Direct demonstration of viable Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in an infected total joint arthroplasty. A case report","volume":"90","author":"Stoodley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540313009017?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540313009017?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T21:56:26Z","timestamp":1647726986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883540313009017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883540313009017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-5403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-5403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pulse Lavage is Inadequate at Removal of Biofilm from the Surface of Total Knee Arthroplasty Materials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Arthroplasty","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2013.12.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}