{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:13:23Z","timestamp":1780474403993,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004844","name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroplastyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T01:03:23Z","timestamp":1666314203000},"page":"737-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Postoperative Delirium in Patients Receiving Hip Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures: The Risk Factors and Further Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Deng Horng","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6735-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta-Wei","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2018.03.003","article-title":"An updated hip fracture projection in Asia: the Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies study","volume":"4","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Sarcopenia"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57S","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00381-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of hip fractures","volume":"18","author":"Kannus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.04.015","article-title":"Epidemiology and social costs of hip fracture","volume":"49","author":"Veronese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700018773395","article-title":"Outcomes and mortality after hip fractures treated in Kazakhstan","volume":"28","author":"Amrayev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib5","first-page":"65","article-title":"[Frequency of complications in patients older than 60 years with hip fracture]","volume":"32","author":"Barrios-Moyano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib6","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Implementing a clinical pathway for hip fractures; effects on hospital length of stay and complication rates in five hundred and twenty six patients","volume":"38","author":"Burgers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i4.402","article-title":"Complications of hip fractures: a review","volume":"5","author":"Carpintero","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-105","article-title":"Mortality and cause of death in hip fracture patients aged 65 or older: a population-based study","volume":"12","author":"Panula","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2019.11.011","article-title":"Intertrochanteric femur fracture treatment in Asia: what we know and what the world can learn","volume":"51","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000291","article-title":"Femoral neck fractures: current management","volume":"29","author":"Florschutz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00316","article-title":"Screw fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Dolatowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.03.002","article-title":"Internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B8.0841150","article-title":"Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation for displaced intracapsular hip fractures in the elderly. A randomised trial of 455 patients","volume":"84","author":"Parker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001656","article-title":"Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for the treatment of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02600-6","article-title":"Bipolar versus monopolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced femur neck fractures: a meta-analysis study","volume":"30","author":"Filippov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901101900103","article-title":"Unipolar versus bipolar uncemented hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures","volume":"19","author":"Sabnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1565-2","article-title":"Bipolar versus unipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elder patient: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib18","first-page":"447","article-title":"Cemented unipolar or modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients - which is better?","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Burns Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.1307.007","article-title":"Treatment of femoral neck fractures: unipolar versus bipolar hemiarthroplasty","volume":"7","author":"Krishna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malays Orthop J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14634","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014634","article-title":"Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5152\/j.aott.2020.01.432","article-title":"Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: a randomized controlled trial with two years follow-up","volume":"54","author":"Movrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-012-1151-4","article-title":"Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61387-3","article-title":"Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty should not be selected as the primary option for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictors and sequelae of postoperative delirium in a geriatric patient population with hip fracture","volume":"5","author":"Haynes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-018-2308-6","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of postoperative delirium following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for hip fractures: an analysis of 7859 patients from the ACS-NSQIP hip fracture procedure targeted database","volume":"29","author":"Malik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.12067","article-title":"Delirium in older persons: advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"318","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00073.1","article-title":"Postoperative delirium","volume":"72","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31818e4776","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes","volume":"249","author":"Robinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2015.05.007","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in the geriatric patient","volume":"33","author":"Schenning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-0985-y","article-title":"Surgical delay is a risk factor of delirium in hip fracture patients with mild-moderate cognitive impairment","volume":"31","author":"Pioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190111","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0111","article-title":"Association of duration of surgery with postoperative delirium among patients receiving hip fracture repair","volume":"2","author":"Ravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12206","article-title":"The crucial factors influencing the development and outcomes of postoperative delirium in proximal femur fractures","volume":"5","author":"Rajeev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S147585","article-title":"Early postoperative delirium after hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients aged over 70 years with displaced femoral neck fracture","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S189760","article-title":"Delirium after hip hemiarthroplasty for proximal femoral fractures in elderly patients: risk factors and clinical outcomes","volume":"14","author":"de Jong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib36","first-page":"188","article-title":"Charlson comorbidity index: ICD-9 update and ICD-10 translation","volume":"12","author":"Glasheen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11407","article-title":"The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) and intensive care delirium screening checklist (ICDSC) for the diagnosis of delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"16","author":"Gusmao-Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-4-201108160-00006","article-title":"Causes and effects of surgical delay in patients with hip fracture: a cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Vid\u00e1n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05990-8","article-title":"Analysis of the effects of a delay of surgery in patients with hip fractures: outcome and causes","volume":"32","author":"Lieten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46175","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046175","article-title":"Timing matters in hip fracture surgery: patients operated within 48 hours have better outcomes. A meta-analysis and meta-regression of over 190,000 patients","volume":"7","author":"Moja","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12524","article-title":"Hip fractures: therapy, timing, and complication spectrum","volume":"11","author":"Saul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1738","article-title":"Association of timing of surgery for hip fracture and patient outcomes","volume":"291","author":"Orosz","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458516641162","article-title":"Review of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients undergoing hip surgery","volume":"7","author":"Rizk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00556-0","article-title":"Management of proximal femur fractures in the elderly: current concepts and treatment options","volume":"26","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.092220","article-title":"Effect of early surgery after hip fracture on mortality and complications: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"182","author":"Simunovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S257896","article-title":"Comparison of morning and evening operation under general anesthesia on intraoperative anesthetic requirement, postoperative sleep quality, and pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.01.004","article-title":"Influence of sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment on cortisol, inflammatory markers, and cytokine balance","volume":"47","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2015.03.002","article-title":"Melatonin: physiological effects in humans","volume":"61","author":"Claustrat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0541-6","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative delirium following hip fracture repair in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593211058947","article-title":"Review of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients after hip fracture treatment","volume":"13","author":"Albanese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2151459318814823","article-title":"Predictors and sequelae of postoperative delirium in geriatric hip fracture patients","volume":"9","author":"Arshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000742","article-title":"Geriatric assessment as a predictor of delirium and other outcomes in elderly patients with cancer","volume":"261","author":"Korc-Grodzicki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.07.086","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and complications of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing radical cystectomy","volume":"81","author":"Large","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx030","article-title":"Prediction of long-term cognitive decline following postoperative delirium in older adults","volume":"72","author":"Devore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.03.004","article-title":"Burden of comorbidities and functional and cognitive impairments in elderly patients at the initial diagnosis of heart failure and their impact on total mortality: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"3","author":"Murad","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"igz045","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igz045","article-title":"Comorbid chronic conditions among older adults with subjective cognitive decline, United States, 2015-2017","volume":"4","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03206-4","article-title":"Pre-operative hemoglobin level and use of sedative-hypnotics are independent risk factors for post-operative delirium following total knee arthroplasty","volume":"21","author":"Kijima","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.046","article-title":"Preoperative hemoglobin level is associated with increased health care use after elective spinal fusion (\u22653 levels) in elderly male patients with spine deformity","volume":"112","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04825-1","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2017.03.013","article-title":"Acute brain failure: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and sequelae of delirium","volume":"33","author":"Maldonado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780196","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.780196","article-title":"Hemoglobin concentration and post-operative delirium in elderly patients undergoing femoral neck fracture surgery","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229325","article-title":"Postoperative anaemia might be a risk factor for postoperative delirium and prolonged hospital stay: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Kunz","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s40140-014-0085-2","article-title":"Blood transfusion and postoperative delirium","volume":"5","author":"Whitlock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Anesthesiology Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R257","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13084","article-title":"Outcome and quality of life in patients with postoperative delirium during an ICU stay following major surgery","volume":"17","author":"Abelha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.5093","article-title":"Association between postoperative delirium and long-term cognitive function after major nonemergent surgery","volume":"154","author":"Austin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2420","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures by a risk stratification index model: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100618","article-title":"Postoperative delirium is associated with negative outcomes and long-term mortality in elderly Koreans: a retrospective observational study","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05172-7","article-title":"Association between postoperative delirium and mortality in elderly patients undergoing hip fractures surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000318819","article-title":"Delirium is not associated with mortality in elderly hip fracture patients","volume":"30","author":"Julieb\u00f8","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr014","article-title":"Mortality associated with delirium after hip-surgery: a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"40","author":"Kat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NERV.0000028080.39602.17","article-title":"The association between delirium and cognitive decline: a review of the empirical literature","volume":"14","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a645bd","article-title":"Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation","volume":"42","author":"Brummel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S201323","article-title":"Prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients planned for elective surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Janssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.71132","article-title":"Assessment of role of perioperative melatonin in prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium after hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia in the elderly","volume":"4","author":"Sultan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3182712fba","article-title":"BIS-guided anesthesia decreases postoperative delirium and cognitive decline","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3393\/ac.2016.32.5.161","article-title":"Use of a comprehensive geriatric assessment to predict short-term postoperative outcome in elderly patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324687","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in old patients with femoral neck fracture: a randomized intervention study","volume":"19","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14764","article-title":"Association between preoperative malnutrition and postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery in older adults","volume":"65","author":"Mazzola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib79","first-page":"2553","article-title":"Risk of postoperative hyperalgesia in adult patients with preoperative poor sleep quality undergoing open-heart valve surgery","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000323867","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the mini-mental state examination as screening instruments for cognitive impairment: item analyses and threshold scores","volume":"31","author":"Damian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab003","article-title":"Pain and the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) in aging","volume":"22","author":"Cardoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540322009597?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540322009597?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:43:25Z","timestamp":1760121805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883540322009597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883540322009597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-5403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-5403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Postoperative Delirium in Patients Receiving Hip Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures: The Risk Factors and Further Clinical Outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Arthroplasty","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}