{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:39:23Z","timestamp":1786984763115,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroplastyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T16:11:39Z","timestamp":1683043899000},"page":"2441-2446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Practice Patterns of American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons for the Management of Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Schwarzkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten M.","family":"Seyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Landy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.03.066","article-title":"Current epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Delanois","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.09.041","article-title":"Failure after modern total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study of 18,065 knees","volume":"33","author":"Pitta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3780-8","article-title":"One-stage versus two-stage exchange arthroplasty for infected total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Nagra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib4","first-page":"85","article-title":"Musculoskeletal infection society (MSIS) update on infection in arthroplasty","volume":"69","author":"Dombrowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00356","article-title":"Two-stage exchange protocol for periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty in 245 knees without prior treatment for infection","volume":"101","author":"Petis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23722","article-title":"Antibiotic elution from acrylic bone cement loaded with high doses of tobramycin and vancomycin","volume":"36","author":"Slane","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.01.031","article-title":"Randomized trial of static and articulating spacers for treatment of the infected total hip arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Nahhas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.01.039","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of articulating spacer constructs for knee periprosthetic joint infection eradication: all-cement vs real-component spacers","volume":"36","author":"Roof","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.01.080","article-title":"Current practice trends in primary hip and knee arthroplasties among members of the American association of hip and knee surgeons: an update during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"36","author":"Abdel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.102B7.BJJ-2019-1443.R1","article-title":"An articulated spacer made of new primary implants in two-stage exchange for infected total knee arthroplasty may provide durable results","volume":"102-B","author":"Zamora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092901","article-title":"Is there a role for spacer exchange in two-stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection?","volume":"9","author":"Kozaily","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169558","article-title":"Comparative analysis of direct hospital care costs between aseptic and two-stage septic knee revision","volume":"12","author":"Kasch","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib13","series-title":"American joint replacement registry (AJRR): 2021 annual report","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.05.047","article-title":"Single-stage hip and knee exchange for periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"30","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3721-8","article-title":"Is single-stage revision according to a strict protocol effective in treatment of chronic knee arthroplasty infections?","volume":"473","author":"Haddad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.10.051","article-title":"Single vs 2-stage revision for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"35","author":"Kildow","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.04.029","article-title":"One-stage periprosthetic joint infection reimbursement-is it worth the effort?","volume":"34","author":"Fehring","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01461","article-title":"Use of static or articulating spacers for infection following total knee arthroplasty: a systematic literature review","volume":"95","author":"Voleti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.04.009","article-title":"Functional advantage of articulating versus static spacers in 2-stage revision for total knee arthroplasty infection","volume":"22","author":"Freeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(05)80105-6","article-title":"Techniques in arthroplasty. Use of an articulated PMMA spacer in the infected total knee arthroplasty","volume":"10","author":"McPherson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.01.025","article-title":"A motion maintaining antibiotic delivery system","volume":"22","author":"Lombardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-005-0670-6","article-title":"Pre-formed articulating knee spacer in two-stage revision for the infected total knee arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Pitto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199512000-00008","article-title":"Treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty using an articulating spacer","volume":"321","author":"Hofmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2020.08.006","article-title":"Balanced, stemmed, and augmented articulating total knee spacer technique","volume":"6","author":"Gililland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthroplast Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.05.022","article-title":"Do antibiotic intramedullary dowels assist in eradicating infection in two-stage resection for septic total knee arthroplasty?","volume":"34","author":"Zielinski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.10.031","article-title":"Do antibiotic-impregnated intramedullary dowels assist in eradicating infection in total knee arthroplasty?","volume":"35","author":"Kheir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040181","article-title":"Prosthetic-joint infections","volume":"351","author":"Zimmerli","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B2.17058","article-title":"The management of peri-prosthetic infection in total joint arthroplasty","volume":"88","author":"Toms","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90043-8","article-title":"Infection in orthopaedic implants","volume":"18","author":"Sanderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"11 Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B11.32906","article-title":"The two-stage standard in revision total hip replacement","volume":"95-B","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4657874","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4657874","article-title":"Antibiotic elution from hip and knee acrylic bone cement spacers: a systematic review","volume":"2017","author":"Anagnostakos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166545","article-title":"Elution and mechanical strength of vancomycin-loaded bone cement: in\u00a0vitro study of the influence of brand combination","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.02.078","article-title":"The 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection: an evidence-based and validated criteria","volume":"33","author":"Parvizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.01.061","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"37","author":"Goh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.16.034","article-title":"A review of the literature on culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"29","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.11.017","article-title":"Use of closed incisional negative pressure wound therapy after revision total hip and knee arthroplasty in patients at high risk for infection: a prospective, randomized clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Newman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540323004588?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540323004588?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:45:04Z","timestamp":1760121904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883540323004588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883540323004588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-5403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-5403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Practice Patterns of American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons for the Management of Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Arthroplasty","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2023.04.059","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}