{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:53:00Z","timestamp":1791582780110,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroplastyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T14:53:56Z","timestamp":1686840836000},"page":"2731-2738.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Synovial Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Their Diagnostic Accuracy According to Different Definitions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5937-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o S.","family":"Vale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe S.","family":"Castelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca S.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6087-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Ribau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3741-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 D.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4293-7347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.G.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.12.020","article-title":"Synovial-based tests outperform serum markers to rule out infection in total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Goud","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000185756.17401.32","article-title":"White blood cell gene expression: a new approach toward the study and diagnosis of infection","volume":"440","author":"Deirmengian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-2102-9","article-title":"New definition for periprosthetic joint infection: from the workgroup of the musculoskeletal infection society","volume":"469","author":"Parvizi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis803","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases Society of America","volume":"56","author":"Osmon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.09.045","article-title":"Hip and knee section, what is the definition of a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee and the hip? Can the same criteria be used for both joints?: proceedings of international consensus on orthopedic infections","volume":"34","author":"Shohat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B1.BJJ-2020-1381.R1","article-title":"The EBJIS definition of periprosthetic joint infection: a practical guide for clinicians","volume":"103","author":"McNally","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.119.BJR-2022-0078.R1","article-title":"Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections : a comparison of infection definitions: EBJIS 2021, ICM 2018, and IDSA 2013","volume":"11","author":"Sigmund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2340\/17453674.2023.5670","article-title":"The European Bone and Joint Infection Society definition of periprosthetic joint infection is meaningful in clinical practice: a multicentric validation study with comparison with previous definitions","volume":"94","author":"Sousa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01005","article-title":"Alpha defensin lateral flow test for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"100","author":"Renz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies the PRISMA-DTA statement","volume":"319","author":"McInnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2014.03.009","article-title":"Definition of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"29","author":"Parvizi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.02.078","article-title":"The 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection: an evidence-based and validated criteria","volume":"33","author":"Parvizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Reitsma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.05.013","article-title":"Accuracy and cost-effectivenss of a novel method for alpha defensins measurement in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections","volume":"36","author":"Iorio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10010033","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatography as a novel method for the determination of \u03b1-defensins in synovial fluid for diagnosis of orthopedic infections","volume":"10","author":"Melicher\u010d\u00edk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01089","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of a novel point-of-care test of calprotectin for periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study","volume":"103","author":"Warren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.95.BJR-2019-0213.R1","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of a rapid lateral flow calprotectin test for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection","volume":"9","author":"Trotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.11.006","article-title":"Synovial calprotectin: an inexpensive biomarker to exclude a chronic prosthetic joint infection","volume":"33","author":"Wouthuyzen-Bakker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.08.052","article-title":"Synovial fluid calprotectin for the preoperative diagnosis of chronic periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"35","author":"Salari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.12.040","article-title":"Synovial biomarkers to detect chronic periprosthetic joint infection: a pilot study to compare calprotectin rapid test, calprotectin ELISA immunoassay and leukocyte esterase test","volume":"37","author":"Grassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.98.BJR-2019-0329.R2","article-title":"The value of calprotectin in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of chronic prosthetic joint infection","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B1.BJJ-2020-0953.R1","article-title":"Blood and synovial fluid calprotectin as biomarkers to diagnose chronic hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections","volume":"103","author":"Grzelecki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Closing the gap between methodologists and end-users: R as a computational back-end","volume":"49","author":"Wallace","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1185-y","article-title":"The 2018 new definition of periprosthetic joint infection improves the diagnostic efficiency in the Chinese population","volume":"14","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.02.019","article-title":"Inflammatory disorders mimicking periprosthetic joint infections may result in false-positive \u03b1-defensin","volume":"24","author":"Plate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.01.007","article-title":"The alpha-defensin test for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection in the setting of an adverse local tissue reaction secondary to a failed metal-on-metal bearing or corrosion at the head-neck junction","volume":"33","author":"Okroj","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.06.023","article-title":"Leukocyte esterase from synovial fluid aspirate: a technical note","volume":"28","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01316","article-title":"Combined measurement of synovial fluid \u03b1-Defensin and C-reactive protein levels: highly accurate for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"96","author":"Deirmengian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00556","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of synovial alpha defensin and synovial C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"100","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B3.BJJ-2016-0684.R1","article-title":"Improving the accuracy of synovial fluid analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection with simple and inexpensive biomarkers","volume":"99B","author":"Sousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540323006502?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540323006502?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:47:06Z","timestamp":1760122026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883540323006502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883540323006502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-5403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-5403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synovial Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Their Diagnostic Accuracy According to Different Definitions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Arthroplasty","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2023.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}