{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:42:47Z","timestamp":1760244167462,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroplastyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T11:44:53Z","timestamp":1747223093000},"page":"2142-2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Part II: Biologic Augmentation Strategies as Useful Adjuncts in Musculoskeletal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3362-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Rainey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart B.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean B.","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Mont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib1","first-page":"S96","article-title":"Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration","volume":"10","author":"Albrektsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irbm.2013.07.001","article-title":"osteogenicity, osteoinduction, what are the fundamental properties for a smart bone substitutes","volume":"34","author":"Daculsi","year":"2013","journal-title":"IRBM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/236231","article-title":"An osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic tissue-engineered product for trauma and orthopaedic surgery: how far are we?","volume":"2012","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2022.08.015","article-title":"Orthobiologic techniques for surgical augmentation","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071729","article-title":"The role of msc in wound healing, scarring and regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Guillamat-Prats","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2011-0018","article-title":"Concise review: role of mesenchymal stem cells in wound repair","volume":"1","author":"Maxson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.010","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells in spinal fusion: current and future applications","volume":"14","author":"Eltorai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1141601","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: mechanisms, current advances and future challenges","volume":"14","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.14444\/8057","article-title":"Stem cells and spinal fusion","volume":"15","author":"Stephan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.1511.016","article-title":"The current role of stem cells in orthopaedic surgery","volume":"9","author":"Maniar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malays Orthop J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib11","article-title":"Bone marrow aspirate concentrate is equivalent to platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis at 1 year: a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"8","author":"Anz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1179544120931086","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes after platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell injections for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Estrada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0285","article-title":"Functional outcomes following microfragmented adipose tissue versus bone marrow aspirate concentrate injections for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Mautner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0504","article-title":"Human autologous culture expanded bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation for repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees","volume":"10","author":"Wakitani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03359-8","article-title":"Cartilage regeneration and inflammation modulation in knee osteoarthritis following injection of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a phase ii, triple-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized trial","volume":"14","author":"Sadri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2018-0161","article-title":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Freitag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516662455","article-title":"A prospective, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial of bone marrow aspirate concentrate for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"45","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1248-3","article-title":"Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase iib clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.09.010","article-title":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with microfracture versus microfracture alone: 2-year follow-up of a prospective randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12429","article-title":"Cellular and clinical analyses of autologous bone marrow aspirate injectate for knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Wells","year":"2021","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.05.016","article-title":"Early clinical outcomes of intra-articular injections of bone marrow aspirate concentrate for the treatment of early osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: a cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Rodriguez-Fontan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.08.005","article-title":"Intra-articular implantation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1\/2 clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Emadedin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231179223","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of the intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for knee osteoarthritis: a phase iii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0122","article-title":"Intra-articular injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a phase iib, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.11.003","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of allogenic placental mesenchymal stem cells for treating knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Khalifeh Soltani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02632-w","article-title":"Cell-based versus corticosteroid injections for knee pain in osteoarthritis: a randomized phase 3 trial","volume":"29","author":"Mautner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-0998-2","article-title":"Intra-articular injection of two different doses of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial (phase i\/ii)","volume":"14","author":"Lamo-Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib28","article-title":"Bone marrow aspirate injection for osteoarthritis of the hip; a pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Tsitsilianos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interv Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2021-0001","article-title":"The safety and effectiveness of bone marrow concentrate injection for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a canadian cohort","volume":"16","author":"Burnham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120966162","article-title":"Bone marrow concentrate injection treatment improves short-term outcomes in symptomatic hip osteoarthritis patients: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Whitney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1-S","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib31","first-page":"75","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells injection in hip osteoarthritis: preliminary results","volume":"90","author":"Dall'Oca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/jhps\/hnx011","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis","volume":"4","author":"Mardones","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hip Preserv Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2023.06.006","article-title":"Clinical use of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cell injections for hip osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Onoi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Regen Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B3.22483","article-title":"Bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells with a porous hydroxyapatite scaffold for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a preliminary study","volume":"92","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.032","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow cell implantation in the treatment of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: five year follow-up of a prospective controlled study","volume":"49","author":"Gangji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.08.008","article-title":"Early results of core decompression and autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells instillation in femoral head osteonecrosis: a randomized control study","volume":"27","author":"Sen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.002","article-title":"Treatment of early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head with autologous implantation of bone marrow-derived and cultured mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-013-0273-0","article-title":"Intralesional autologous mesenchymal stem cells in management of osteonecrosis of femur: a preliminary study","volume":"97","author":"Rastogi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1623-3","article-title":"Core decompression and implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells with porous hydroxylapatite composite filler for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.06.022","article-title":"Combining concentrated autologous bone marrow stem cells injection with core decompression improves outcome for patients with early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a comparative study","volume":"30","author":"Tabatabaee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib41","first-page":"6162","article-title":"Core decompression and autologous bone marrow concentrate for treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis: a randomized prospective study","volume":"8","author":"Pepke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.5301\/hipint.5000366","article-title":"Mid-term comparative outcomes of autologous bone-marrow concentration to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head in standard practice","volume":"26","author":"Cruz-Pardos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04297-0","article-title":"Efficacy of autologous stem cell therapy in femoral head avascular necrosis: a comparative study","volume":"18","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13090776","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for bone repair of human hip osteonecrosis with bilateral match-control evaluation: impact of tissue source, cell count, disease stage, and volume size on 908 hips","volume":"13","author":"Hernigou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4209","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5745","article-title":"Efficacy of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a three-year follow-up study","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3650-8","article-title":"Inefficacy of autologous bone marrow concentrate in stage three osteonecrosis: a randomized controlled double-blind trial","volume":"42","author":"Hauzeur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001107","article-title":"Did osteoblastic cell therapy improve the prognosis of pre-fracture osteonecrosis of the femoral head? A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"478","author":"Hauzeur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01810-8","article-title":"10-year follow-up results of the prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled study on autologous bone marrow buffy coat grafting combined with core decompression in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00527","article-title":"Core decompression and bone marrow aspiration concentrate grafting for osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"104","author":"Hoogervorst","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-05779-w","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of autologous platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow mononuclear cells grafting combined with core decompression for association research circulation osseous ii-iiia stage non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"47","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-05788-9","article-title":"Prognosis of hip osteonecrosis after cell therapy with a calculator and artificial intelligence: ten year collapse-free survival prediction on three thousand and twenty one hips","volume":"47","author":"Hernigou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2390","article-title":"Combination treatment of biomechanical support and targeted intra-arterial infusion of peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for the osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt505","article-title":"Efficacy of autologous bone marrow buffy coat grafting combined with core decompression in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled study","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.128","article-title":"Stem cell implantation for osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"45","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002610","article-title":"Does adjunction of autologous osteoblastic cells improve the results of core decompression in early-stage femoral head osteonecrosis? A double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"481","author":"Jayankura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(90)90082-6","article-title":"Clinical experience with a new artificial bone graft: preliminary results of a prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Kocialkowski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib57","first-page":"s549","article-title":"Percutaneous treatment of long bone nonunions: the use of autologous bone marrow and allograft bone matrix","volume":"26","author":"Wilkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.01.009","article-title":"Percutaneous bone marrow grafting for the treatment of tibial non-union","volume":"36","author":"Goel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31828bf077","article-title":"Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection in the treatment of distal meta-diaphyseal tibial nonunions and delayed unions","volume":"27","author":"Braly","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901302100116","article-title":"Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injections for delayed or non-union of bones","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S146426","article-title":"Percutaneous autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of delayed union of limb bone in children","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib62","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Percutaneous autologous bone-marrow grafting for nonunions. Influence of the number and concentration of progenitor cells","volume":"87","author":"Hernigou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib63","first-page":"291","article-title":"Treatment of severe post-traumatic bone defects with autologous stem cells loaded on allogeneic scaffolds","volume":"22","author":"Vulcano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(14)70013-0","article-title":"The effect of autologous concentrated bone-marrow grafting on the healing of femoral shaft non-unions after locked intramedullary nailing","volume":"45","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1369-9","article-title":"Percutaneous autologous concentrated bone marrow grafting in the treatment for nonunion","volume":"24","author":"Sugaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-015-9432-1","article-title":"Bone mesenchymal stem cells with growth factors successfully treat nonunions and delayed unions","volume":"11","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-3046-6","article-title":"Osteogenic progenitors in bone marrow aspirates have clinical potential for tibial non-unions healing in diabetic patients","volume":"40","author":"Flouzat-Lachaniette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6609e1","article-title":"Vital signs: prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation - United States, 2013-2015","volume":"66","author":"Barbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170990","article-title":"Rates of total joint replacement in the United States: future projections to 2020-2040 using the national inpatient sample","volume":"46","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/15563316231204437","article-title":"Non-operative treatment options for osteoarthritis in the hip","volume":"19","author":"Nicholas","year":"2023","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib71","article-title":"Non-operative treatment options for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"DeRogatis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603518796142","article-title":"Quantitative t2 mri mapping and 12-month follow-up in a randomized, blinded, placebo controlled trial of bone marrow aspiration and concentration for osteoarthritis of the knees","volume":"10","author":"Shapiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211018837","article-title":"Bone marrow aspirate concentrate for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Keeling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib74","article-title":"Immunoregulatory paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells and mechanism in the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e177","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: an updated review of arco on pathogenesis, staging and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Hines","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180036","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: pathophysiology and current concepts of treatment","volume":"4","author":"Petek","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib77","first-page":"371","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis: a protocol for development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.12.004","article-title":"Guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adults (2019 version)","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i8.590","article-title":"Current concepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"6","author":"Moya-Angeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205283262206","article-title":"Nontraumatic necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis)","volume":"326","author":"Mankin","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.12.747","article-title":"Influence of the volume of osteonecrosis on the outcome of core decompression of the femoral head","volume":"56","author":"Mazieres","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(98)90073-0","article-title":"Clinical outcome and survivorship analysis of core decompression for early osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"13","author":"Iorio","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1359-7","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of core decompression for the treatment of femoral head necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Hua","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640000186","article-title":"Failure after core decompression in osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"24","author":"Yoon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002276","article-title":"The relative incidence of fracture non-union in the scottish population (5.17 million): a 5-year epidemiological study","volume":"3","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B7.36061","article-title":"A unified theory of bone healing and nonunion: bhn theory","volume":"98-B","author":"Elliott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540325005248?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540325005248?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:53:27Z","timestamp":1760223207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883540325005248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883540325005248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-5403"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0883-5403"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Part II: Biologic Augmentation Strategies as Useful Adjuncts in Musculoskeletal Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Arthroplasty","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}