{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:46:01Z","timestamp":1791953161311,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroplastyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:22:25Z","timestamp":1789971745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Standardized Reporting in Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Recommendations for Clinical Study Design and Reporting"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Edward Y.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1569-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael J.","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart B.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Hernigou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romil R.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hoi","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Sugano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolf","family":"Drescher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanjun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Mont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.12.017","article-title":"Classical non-traumatic osteonecrosis versus osteonecrosis of the jaw: distinct manifestations of a shared pathophysiological spectrum","volume":"73","author":"Cheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/601763","article-title":"The pathogenesis of nontraumatic osteonecrosis","volume":"2012","author":"Seamon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01271","article-title":"Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: where do we stand today?: a 5-year update","volume":"102","author":"Mont","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2024.2421755","article-title":"Potential molecular targets for the pharmacologic management of non-traumatic osteonecrosis","volume":"28","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12494","article-title":"The effects of clinical and statistical heterogeneity on the predictive values of results from meta-analyses","volume":"20","author":"Melsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.045","article-title":"Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: detecting and dealing with heterogeneity in meta-analyses","volume":"130","author":"Cordero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004587","article-title":"Consort 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials","volume":"22","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.0528","article-title":"Strobe reporting guidelines for observational studies","volume":"156","author":"Ghaferi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci14010107","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review and meta-analyses for the arco clinical practice guideline development workgroup","volume":"14","author":"Parikh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.03.056","article-title":"Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: an international evidence-based clinical practice guideline","author":"Cheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.25.01616","article-title":"The ACPGw. Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: an international evidence-based clinical practice guideline","volume":"108","author":"Cheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.05.064","article-title":"Osteonecrosis: a more appropriate term than avascular necrosis-pathophysiologic rationale","volume":"40","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-018-03682-6","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of individual extracorporeal shockwave treatment","volume":"48","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib14","first-page":"517","article-title":"Predictors of core decompression success in patients with femoral head avascular necrosis","volume":"11","author":"Karimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2011.27.2.127","article-title":"Traumatic and non-traumatic osteonecrosis in the femoral head of a rabbit model","volume":"27","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Anim Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2025.2475982","article-title":"Differential risk of autoimmune disorders in non-traumatic osteonecrosis: clue to pathogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2011.00798_1.x","article-title":"Alcohol-induced osteonecrosis--dose and duration effects","volume":"93","author":"Jaffr\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.06.007","article-title":"Steroid induced osteonecrosis: an analysis of steroid dosing risk","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3820-5","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus patients with high disease activity are associated with accelerated incidence of osteonecrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.05.026","article-title":"Effect of corticosteroid use on the occurrence and progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a nationwide nested case-control study","volume":"39","author":"Kwon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-015-9279-6","article-title":"Imaging evaluation of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"8","author":"Pierce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.11.029","article-title":"The 2019 revised version of association research circulation osseous staging system of osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"35","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072010-00027","article-title":"Ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. Treatment by core decompression","volume":"72","author":"Arlet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B1.7822393","article-title":"A quantitative system for staging avascular necrosis","volume":"77","author":"Steinberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760200108","article-title":"The 2001 revised criteria for diagnosis, classification, and staging of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"7","author":"Sugano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00063-8","article-title":"Significance of lesion size and location in the prediction of collapse of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a new three-dimensional quantification using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"20","author":"Nishii","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B6.0800954","article-title":"Estimation of the extent of osteonecrosis of the femoral head using mri","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00019","article-title":"Quantifying the extent of femoral head involvement in osteonecrosis","volume":"85","author":"Cherian","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.02.009","article-title":"The 2021 association research circulation osseous classification for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head to computed tomography-based study","volume":"37","author":"Koo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.03.007","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain syndrome alters neuromuscular control and kinetics during stair ambulation","volume":"21","author":"Aminaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib31","first-page":"4","article-title":"Effectiveness of different types of core decompression in early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Konarski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-015-9280-0","article-title":"A current review of core decompression in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"8","author":"Pierce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117590","article-title":"Efficacy of stem cell therapy for avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"200","author":"Bharti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12810","article-title":"Current treatment modalities for osteonecrosis of femoral head in mainland China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12038","article-title":"Large variation in postoperative rehabilitation protocols following operative treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: a systematic review and meta-analysis on >200 studies","volume":"32","author":"Buck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568221991101","article-title":"Unplanned readmission following early postoperative complications after fusion surgery in adult spine deformity: a multicentric study","volume":"13","author":"Camino-Willhuber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05066-3","article-title":"Prolonged operative time significantly impacts on the incidence of complications in spinal surgery","volume":"19","author":"Monetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2343-2","article-title":"Reliability of a complication classification system for orthopaedic surgery","volume":"470","author":"Sink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4341-7","article-title":"Complications of total hip arthroplasty: standardized list, definitions, and stratification developed by the hip society","volume":"474","author":"Healy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000246856.03918.9a","article-title":"Assessment of complications after pancreatic surgery: a novel grading system applied to 633 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy","volume":"244","author":"DeOliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.5371\/hp.2023.35.3.147","article-title":"Updating osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"35","author":"Ko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hip Pelvis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arthroplasty"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540326010132?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883540326010132?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:03:35Z","timestamp":1791950615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883540326010132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0883540326010132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-5403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-5403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toward Standardized Reporting in Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Recommendations for Clinical Study Design and Reporting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Arthroplasty","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2026.09.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}