{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:02:31Z","timestamp":1790420551909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe a new clinical sign for subscapularis lesions that we call the belly\u2010off sign and compare its diagnostic value with standard subscapularis tests (the lift\u2010off test, internal rotation lag sign, and belly\u2010press test\/Napoleon sign) in cases of different types of subscapularis lesions. The belly\u2010off sign represents the inability of the patient to maintain the palm of the hand attached to the abdomen with the arm passively brought into flexion and internal rotation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Type of Study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive and explorative study included 60 patients (mean age, 55.3 years) with clinical, surgical, and\/or magnetic resonance imaging\u2013confirmed evidence of isolated or combined lesions of the subscapularis musculotendinous unit. In all patients, a complete physical shoulder examination was performed and the results were compared with the intraoperative and magnetic resonance imaging findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The belly\u2010off sign appeared to be more reliable than any other diagnostic test or sign in detecting isolated partial tears of the subscapularis tendon (group I), combined partial subscapularis and complete supraspinatus tendon tears (group II), and postoperative subscapularis insufficiency with mild atrophy of the upper aspect of the subscapularis muscle (group VII). In cases of complete\/near complete subscapularis tears with or without supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon tears (groups IV, V, and VI), the belly\u2010off sign appeared to be as reliable as the belly\u2010press test, internal rotation lag sign, and lift\u2010off test. For assessing partial subscapularis tendon tears and insufficient external rotators (group III), the belly\u2010off sign was less reliable than any other diagnostic test or sign.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The belly\u2010off sign represents a promising new clinical diagnostic sign for subscapularis lesions. In particular, subtle lesions of the upper subscapularis tendon and postoperative subscapularis insufficiencies can be detected by the belly\u2010off sign in cases of intact external rotators. In cases of an advanced lack of external rotators, the belly\u2010off sign becomes negative and loses its diagnostic value. We therefore conclude that the belly\u2010off sign is attributable to an unbalanced transverse force couple with overwhelming of the external rotators of the shoulder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, case series with no, or historical, control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.06.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,14]],"date-time":"2005-10-14T07:14:55Z","timestamp":1129274095000},"page":"1229-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["The Belly\u2010Off Sign: A New Clinical Diagnostic Sign for Subscapularis Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Scheibel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow\u2010Clinic, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Magosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery ATOS\u2013Clinic Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pritsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Lichtenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery ATOS\u2013Clinic Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Habermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery ATOS\u2013Clinic Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B3.1670434"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80058-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199607000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.30648"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B4.0800624"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500104"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","unstructured":"T.Mondori Y.Nakagawa M.Oshima.An isolated rupture of the subscapularis tendon.2004 Presented at the 9th International Congress on Surgery of the Shoulder Washington DC May 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