{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:52:05Z","timestamp":1785171125960,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences between open and arthroscopic closure of the rotator interval (RI) on glenohumeral translation and range of motion. We also sought to determine if the addition of either an open or arthroscopic RI closure increases stability of the shoulder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen fresh\u2010frozen (10 paired) cadaveric shoulder specimens were mounted in a custom testing apparatus, and glenohumeral translation and rotation were obtained by using an optoelectric tracking system (Optotrak Certus; Northern Digital, Ontario, Canada). Specimens were randomly allocated to either open (n = 7) or arthroscopic (n = 7) plication of the RI. The following were measured first with an intact and vented specimen and subsequently after an RI closure using either open or arthroscopic techniques: (1) range of motion in neutral and 90\u00b0 abduction; (2) anterior and posterior translation at neutral rotation; (3) anterior translation at 90\u00b0 abduction with external rotation; and (4) posterior translation at 90\u00b0 flexion with internal rotation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Posterior stability was not improved from the intact state by either open (1.0\u2010mm change) or arthroscopic (0.1\u2010mm change) repair. The sulcus stability was improved in the open group (5.7 mm to 2.9 mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .028), but not arthroscopically (5.1 to 4.1 mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .499). Neutral anterior stability was improved after open repair (7.2 to 2.6 mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .018), but not arthroscopically (2.3 to 2.4 mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.5). However, anterior stability in external rotation (ER) at 90\u00b0 abduction was improved in the arthroscopic repair group (5.5 to 3.1 mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .006). The mean loss of ER in neutral was greater in the open group (40.8\u00b0) versus the arthroscopic group (24.4\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0038). The arthroscopic group showed an 11.7\u00b0 loss of ER in 90\u00b0 abduction (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .018) versus the open group loss of 4.8\u00b0. There were no significant differences in loss of IR in either neutral or 90\u00b0 abduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posterior stability was not improved by either open or arthroscopic rotator interval repair, and sulcus stability only improved with the open technique. Anterior stability in neutral was improved after open repair and in the arthroscopic repair group with the arm abducted. There was a large loss of external rotation with both techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that arthroscopic RI closure adds little to the overall posterior and inferior stability of the shoulder joint, although anterior stability may be improved. There is a potentially large loss of external rotation after either repair method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.01.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,8]],"date-time":"2007-06-08T12:54:36Z","timestamp":1181307276000},"page":"583-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Arthroscopic Versus Open Rotator Interval Closure: Biomechanical Evaluation of Stability and Motion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Provencher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Shoulder &amp; Sports Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Naval Medical Center San Diego San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Mologne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sports Medicine Center Appleton 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