{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:27:10Z","timestamp":1779359230870,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tubercular infection has not been described, to our knowledge, in the literature after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and, hence, the purpose of our case series was to describe our experience, evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings, and assess the treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,152 cases of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with autografts performed at our institution between January 1998 and May 2007. Tubercular infection was considered to be present in the setting of recurrent negative bacterial cultures but a positive result on microscopy, culture, histopathology, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All patients underwent arthroscopic lavage and synovectomy, followed by antitubercular therapy for 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 8 patients (0.69%) with infection. Bone\u2013patellar tendon\u2013bone graft was used in 1 and hamstring graft in 7. All patients were immunocompetent. The mean time from surgery to presentation was 64.4 days (range, 23 to 152 days). Aspirate fluid staining and culture for acid\u2010fast bacilli was negative in all cases, synovial tissue culture was positive in 3, characteristic histopathology was positive in 7, and PCR was positive in 6. A mean of 1.25 surgeries (range, 1 to 2) were performed. The mean length of follow\u2010up in our series was 43.6 months (range, 25 to 73 months), with no reinfections. The mean postoperative Lysholm knee score was 80.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tubercular infection as a complication after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, though rare, should be kept in mind as a possible cause of infection in immunocompetent patients in zones endemic for tuberculosis. It should also be kept in mind in nonendemic areas, among immigrants from endemic areas, and in cases with persistent swelling and discharge, effusion with minimal inflammatory signs, and negative cultures. We recommend deoxyribonucleic acid\u2013PCR testing for early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Arthroscopic debridement and antitubercular chemotherapy together are the mainstay of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, therapeutic case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,27]],"date-time":"2009-01-27T05:15:08Z","timestamp":1233033308000},"page":"131-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Tubercular Infection After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hira Lal","family":"Nag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devdatta Suhas","family":"Neogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataraj","family":"A.R.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay Kumar","family":"V.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandra Shekhar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi 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