{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T10:36:45Z","timestamp":1773571005574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of coracoid tunnel size and location on the biomechanical characteristics of cortical button fixation for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen matched pairs of cadaveric scapulae were used to determine the effects of coracoid tunnel size, and 6 matched pairs were used to determine the effects of coracoid tunnel location. For tunnel size, a 4.5\u2010mm hole was drilled in the base of the coracoid of one scapula and a 6\u2010mm hole was drilled in the contralateral scapula. For tunnel location, 2 holes were drilled: (1) The first group received a hole centered in the coracoid base and a hole 1.5 cm distal from the first, along the axis of the coracoid. (2) The second group received holes that were offset anteromedially from the first set of holes (base eccentric and distal eccentric). A cortical button\u2013suture tape construct was placed through each tunnel, and constructs were then loaded to failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For tunnel size specimens, load at ultimate failure was significantly greater for the 4.5\u2010mm group compared with the 6\u2010mm group (557.6 \u00b1 48.5 N\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      466.9 \u00b1 42.2 N,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). For tunnel location, load at ultimate failure was significantly greater for the centered\u2010distal tunnel group compared with the eccentric\u2010distal group (538.1 \u00b1 70.2 N\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      381.0 \u00b1 68.6 N,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 4.5\u2010mm tunnel in the coracoid provided greater strength for cortical button fixation than a 6\u2010mm tunnel. In the distal coracoid, centered tunnels provided greater strength than eccentric tunnels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When performing cortical button fixation at the coracoid process for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction, a 4.5\u2010mm tunnel provides greater fixation strength than a 6\u2010mm tunnel. The base of the coracoid is more forgiving than the distal coracoid regarding location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.11.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]],"date-time":"2015-01-26T23:35:21Z","timestamp":1422315321000},"page":"825-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Biomechanical Evaluation of Coracoid Tunnel Size and Location for Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sean T.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory VA Healthcare System Long Beach California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathanael D.","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory VA Healthcare System Long Beach California U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Southern California Los Angeles California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Jin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory VA Healthcare System Long Beach California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory VA Healthcare System Long Beach California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Tamboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory VA Healthcare System Long Beach California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Murachovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculdade de Medicina do ABC Santo Andr\u00e9 Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Tibone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California Irvine Irvine California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thay Q.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory VA Healthcare System Long Beach California U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California Irvine Irvine California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738113487165"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-013-9199-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00734"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513504284"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2582-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509356976"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1828-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2569-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280031701"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513502459"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512445273"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schliemann B Ro\u00dflenbroich SB Schneider KN et\u00a0al. 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