{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:47:55Z","timestamp":1792187275919,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To determine the radiographic correction\/healing rate, patient\u2010reported outcomes, reoperation rate, and complication rate after distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) for the valgus knee with lateral compartment pathology. (2) To summarize the reported results of medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge DFO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL to identify studies reporting outcomes of DFOs for the valgus knee. Keywords included \u201cdistal femoral osteotomy,\u201d \u201cchondral,\u201d \u201ccartilage,\u201d \u201cvalgus,\u201d \u201cjoint restoration,\u201d \u201cjoint preservation,\u201d \u201carthritis,\u201d and \u201cgonarthrosis.\u201d Two authors first reviewed the articles; our study exclusion criteria were then applied, and the articles were included on the basis relevance defined by the aforementioned criteria. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies scale judged the quality of the literature. Sixteen studies were relevant to the research questions out of 191 studies identified by the original search.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen studies were identified reporting on 372 osteotomies with mean follow\u2010up of 45 to 180\u00a0months. All studies reported mean radiographic correction to a near neutral mechanical axis, with 3.2% nonunion and 3.8% delayed union rates. There was a 9% complication rate and a 34% reoperation rate, of which 15% were converted to arthroplasty. There were similar results reported for medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge techniques, with a higher conversion to arthroplasty in the medial closing wedge that was confounded by longer mean follow\u2010up in this group (mean follow\u2010up 100\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      58\u00a0months).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DFOs for the valgus knee with lateral compartment disease provide improvements in patient\u2010reported knee health\u2013related quality of life at midterm follow\u2010up but have high rates of reoperation. No evidence exists proving better results of either the lateral opening wedge or medial closing wedge techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T14:01:24Z","timestamp":1464962484000},"page":"2141-2147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Distal Femoral Osteotomy for the Valgus Knee: Medial Closing Wedge Versus Lateral Opening Wedge: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"James D.","family":"Wylie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa K.","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Kapron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Krych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen K.","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis G.","family":"Maak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Different surgical options for monocompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee: high tibial osteotomy versus unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus total knee arthroplasty: indications, techniques, results, and controversies","volume":"53","author":"Mont M.A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1508-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37726"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00786"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.C.01559"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-4106-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2156-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0807-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_2","first-page":"263","article-title":"Distal femoral varus osteotomy for painful genu valgum. A five\u2010to\u201011\u2010year follow\u2010up study","author":"Edgerton B.C.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200005000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2312562"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0273-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2013.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2316-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1193-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2621-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.688725"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870010-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01329"}],"container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749806316301542?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749806316301542?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T09:26:21Z","timestamp":1773566781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-8063","1526-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-8063","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distal Femoral Osteotomy for the Valgus Knee: Medial Closing Wedge Versus Lateral Opening Wedge: A Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}