{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:07:09Z","timestamp":1790316429245,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the biological, immunological, and biomechanical properties of a scaffold derived by architectural modification of a fresh\u2010frozen porcine patella tendon using a decellularization protocol that combines physical, chemical, and enzymatic modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Porcine patellar tendons were processed using a decellularization and oxidation protocol that combines physical, chemical, and enzymatic modalities. Scaffolds (n\u00a0= 88) were compared with native tendons (n\u00a0= 70) using histologic, structural (scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry, and tensile testing), biochemical (mass spectrometry, peracetic acid reduction, DNA quantification, alpha\u2010galactosidase [\u03b1\u2010gal] content), as well as in\u00a0vitro immunologic (cytocompatibility, cytokine induction) and in\u00a0vivo immunologic nonhuman primate analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A decrease in cellularity based on histology and a significant decrease in DNA content were observed in the scaffolds compared with the native tendon (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Porosity and pore size were increased significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Scaffolds were cytocompatible in\u00a0vitro. There was no difference between native tendons and scaffolds when comparing ultimate tensile load, stiffness, and elastic modulus. The \u03b1\u2010gal xenoantigen level was significantly lower in the decellularized scaffold group compared with fresh\u2010frozen, nondecellularized tissue (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). The in\u00a0vivo immunological response to implanted scaffolds measured by tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin\u20106 levels was significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) reduced compared with untreated controls in\u00a0vitro. These results were confirmed by an attenuated response to scaffolds in\u00a0vivo after implantation in a nonhuman primate model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Porcine tendon was processed via a method of decellularization and oxidation to produce a scaffold that possessed significantly less inflammatory potential than a native tendon, was biocompatible in\u00a0vitro, of increased porosity, and with significantly reduced amounts of \u03b1\u2010gal epitope while retaining tensile properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Porcine\u2010derived scaffolds may provide a readily available source of material for musculoskeletal reconstruction and repair while eliminating concerns regarding disease transmission and the morbidity of autologous harvest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.07.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T21:22:16Z","timestamp":1475270536000},"page":"374-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Development of a Xenograft\u2010Derived Scaffold for Tendon and Ligament Reconstruction Using a Decellularization and Oxidation Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Thorsten M.","family":"Seyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina U.S.A."},{"name":"Molecular Medicine and Translational Science Program Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Winston Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Bracey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine and Translational Science Program Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Winston Salem North Carolina U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes F.","family":"Plate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark O.","family":"Lively","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Mannava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest 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