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An osteochondral defect (diameter, 4.8\u00a0mm; depth, 3\u00a0mm) was created in the trochlear groove of the knee using a drill. The defects were left empty in the control group and were filled with cylindrical plugs of allogeneic ADSCs extracted from adipose tissue in the experimental group. Macroscopic scoring, histologic scoring, and immunohistologic stainability of type II collagen were evaluated at 4, 8, and 12\u00a0weeks postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The macroscopic scores of the healing tissue in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group at 12\u00a0weeks (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .031). Histologically, safranin O staining was noted at 4\u00a0weeks and increased gradually over time in the experimental group. The modified International Cartilage Repair Society histologic score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the controls at 8 and 12\u00a0weeks (14 vs 9 at 8\u00a0weeks [\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .008], 18 vs 10 at 12\u00a0weeks [\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .007]). The implanted tissue was positive for type II collagen, and stainability increased gradually over time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 3\u2010dimensional scaffold\u2010free allogeneic ADSCs implanted into the osteochondral defect survived, adhered to the defect, increased the stainability of type II collagen gradually over time, and\u00a0promoted histologic healing in a rabbit model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADSC implantation designed to promote osteochondral healing may play an important role in osteochondral healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  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