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In particular, we sought to assess whether the additional dynamic sequence could differentiate between patients with and without a positive physical exam maneuver for FAI syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with hip pain referred for conventional hip MR arthrogram including those with and without a positive physical exam maneuver for FAI syndrome were imaged using routine hip MR arthrogram protocol and an additional real\u2010time radial 2\u2010dimensional GRE acquisition at 3\u00a0Tesla in an axial oblique plane with continuous scanning of a 9\u00a0mm thick slice through the center of the femoral head\u2010neck axis. Patients who were unable to move through the range of motion were excluded (n\u00a0= 3). Patients with acetabular dysplasia (defined by a lateral center\u2010edge angle [CEA] of 20\u00b0) were also excluded, as were patients had Kellgren and Lawrence scores of &gt; 0. The real\u2010time cine sequence was acquired with the patient actively moving through neutral, flexion, flexion\u2010abduction external\u2010rotation, and flexion\u2010adduction internal rotation (FADIR) positions aiming for 40\u00b0 of abduction, then 25\u00b0 of adduction at 80\u00b0 to 90\u00b0 flexion. Due to the placement of the coil over the hip, a true FADIR was precluded. Images were evaluated independently by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists measuring the joint space in the anterior, central, and posterior positions at each point during range of motion for femoroacetabular cortical space (FACS). Anterior FACS narrowing was calculated as the ratio of joint space in FADIR:neutral position, with lower ratios indicating greater narrowing. Static metrics including alpha angle, CEA, grade of cartilage loss according the Outerbridge classification, and patient demographics were also recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010two painful hips in 22 patients (11 males and 11 females) with mean age 36\u00a0years (range, 15\u201067) were included. Twelve patients had a positive physical exam maneuver for FAI syndrome. The time to perform the dynamic sequence was 3 to 6\u00a0minutes. Interobserver agreement was strong, with intraclass correlation 0.91 and concordance correlation 0.90. According to results from both readers, patients with impingement on clinical exam had significantly lower anterior FACS ratios compared with those without clinical impingement (reader 1: 0.39 \u00b1 0.10 vs 0.69 \u00b1 0.20,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      001; reader 2: 0.36 \u00b1 0.07 vs 0.70 \u00b1 0.17,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Decreased anterior FACS ratio was found to be significantly correlated to increased alpha angle by both readers (reader 1:\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u22120.63,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      002; reader 2:\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u22120.67,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      001) but not significantly correlated to CEA (reader 1:\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.13,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      561; reader 2:\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.20,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      378) or cartilage loss (reader 1:\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.03,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      885; reader 2:\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u22120.06,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      784). Both readers found patients with an anterior FACS ratio of 1\/2 to have significantly higher mean alpha angle (reader 1: 62.88 vs 52.79,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      038; reader 2: 63.50 vs 50.58,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      006); however, there were no significant differences in cartilage loss (reader 1:\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      133; reader 2:\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      882) or CEA (reader 1:\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      340; reader 2:\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0= .<\/jats:italic>\n                      307).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A dynamic radial 2\u2010dimensional\u2010GRE sequence can be added to standard hip MR arthrogram protocols in &lt;6\u00a0minutes, allowing assessment of dynamic femoroacetabular motion with strong interreader agreement. Patients with impingement on clinical exam had significantly lower anterior FACS ratios between FADIR and neutral positions, compared with those without clinical impingement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, comparative diagnostic investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2019.02.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T18:10:53Z","timestamp":1565028653000},"page":"2366-2374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Real\u2010Time Assessment of Femoroacetabular Motion Using Radial Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Arthrography at 3\u00a0Tesla in Routine Clinical Practice: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Christopher 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