{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:23:09Z","timestamp":1793294589558,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of treating patients with a cartilage defect of the knee with microfractures and porcine\u2010derived collagen\u2010augmented chondrogenesis technique (C\u2010ACT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n\u00a0= 48, microfracture) or the investigational group (n\u00a0= 52, C\u2010ACT). Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes were assessed 12\u00a0and 24 months postoperatively for efficacy and adverse events. Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) assessment was used to analyze cartilage tissue repair. MRI outcomes for 50% defect filling and repaired tissue\/reference cartilage (RT\/RC) ratio were quantified using T2 mapping. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and 20% improvement, minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and patient acceptable symptom state for Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MOCART scores in the investigation group showed improved defect repair and filling (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .0201), integration with the border zone (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .0062), and effusion (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .0079). MRI outcomes showed that the odds ratio (OR) for \u226550% defect filling at 12 months was statistically higher in the investigation group (OR 3.984,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.0377). Moreover, the likelihood of the RT\/RC OR becoming \u22651 was significantly higher (OR 11.37,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .0126) in the investigation group. At 24 months postoperatively, the OR for the VAS 20% improvement rate was significantly higher in the investigational group (OR 2.808,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .047). Twenty\u2010three patients (52.3%) in the control group and 35 (77.8%) in the investigation group demonstrated more than the MCID of KOOS pain from baseline to 1 year postoperatively, with a significant difference between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .0116).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicenter randomized trial, the addition of C\u2010ACT resulted in better filling of cartilage defect of the knee joint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level \u2160, Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2019.11.110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T11:25:17Z","timestamp":1574853917000},"page":"1612-1624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Microfractures Versus a Porcine\u2010Derived Collagen\u2010Augmented Chondrogenesis Technique for Treating Knee Cartilage Defects: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Man Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Churl Hong","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wonkwang University Hospital College of Medicine Wonkwang University Iksan 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