{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:26:32Z","timestamp":1792221992471,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007307","name":"Arthrex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007307","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007307","name":"Arthrex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007307","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries continue to be a major source of morbidity in baseball players. The throwing motion creates nearly supraphysiological levels of valgus stress on the medial elbow, placing these athletes at high risk of UCL injury. The incidence of injury continues to rise at an alarming rate, especially among adolescent baseball pitchers. Certain risk factors for UCL injury have been identified, including pitch velocity, fewer days between outings, and overall workload.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment of UCL injuries depends on the type of tear. Low\u2010 to medium\u2010grade partial UCL tears (i.e., grade I or II tears) are usually amenable to a period of rest and a graduated throwing program. Recently, platelet\u2010rich plasma has been described as another treatment modality to consider in a throwing athlete with a partial UCL tear, although robust clinical data are currently lacking. Most athletes can return to competitive throwing in 3 to 4 months after nonoperative management of a low\u2010grade partial UCL tear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Indications for surgical management of a UCL injury are a complete (type III) tear or failure of extensive conservative management after a partial UCL tear. UCL reconstruction remains the gold standard for operative management of a complete UCL tear. Both the modified Jobe technique and the docking technique have shown excellent results with return\u2010to\u2010play rates between 80% and 90%. Recently, UCL repair with collagen\u2010dipped suture tape augmentation has gained some popularity. However, long\u2010term results are lacking, especially in elite athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Time to return to play after UCL reconstruction is variable. Most athletes return to full competition in 12 to 15 months, although professional pitchers often require 15 to 18 months to return to their previous level of competition. Revision rates remain low (1%\u20107%), yet the revision rate is expected to rise as the number of UCL reconstructions performed in the United States continues to increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T20:32:16Z","timestamp":1582749136000},"page":"1221-1222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries: Indications, Management, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"James B.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Camp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Dines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510378100"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518798768"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Platelet\u2010rich plasma can be used to successfully treat elbow ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency in high\u2010level throwers","volume":"45","author":"Dines J.S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519831705"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518817750"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300041401"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516643812"}],"container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749806320301778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749806320301778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T08:52:44Z","timestamp":1773564764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-8063","1526-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-8063","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries: Indications, Management, and Outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}